溴隐亭治疗垂体泌乳素微腺瘤和大腺瘤的疗效比较

目的:比较溴隐亭治疗脑垂体泌乳素微腺瘤和大腺瘤的临床疗效。方法:脑垂体泌乳素微腺瘤60例;大腺瘤30例。两组均予口服溴隐亭,开始量每晚为1.25 mg,隔3 d增加1.25 mg,直到2.5 mg,Tid;在治疗前及治疗后28周分别测定血清泌乳素,同时做脑垂体磁共振。结果:两组治疗28周后血泌乳素值比治疗前同性别组显著下降(P<0.01),微腺瘤组血泌乳素基本恢复正常,但大腺瘤组无论男女,血泌乳素值仍超过正常值,微腺瘤组与大腺瘤组治疗后同性别相比血泌乳素值有统计学差异(P<0.01)。28周后,垂体泌乳素微腺瘤治愈率为16.7%,总有效率为75.0%,而垂体泌乳素大腺瘤组未发现瘤体消失者,总有效率仅为46.7%。结论:溴隐亭治疗垂体泌乳素微腺瘤可使血泌乳素恢复正常,垂体泌乳素微腺瘤缩小甚至消失;而对泌乳素大腺瘤应采用综合治疗模式,如手术合并药物或结合放射治疗。     

溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素血症的临床观察

目的:评价溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素(PRL)血症的临床疗效。方法:治疗组87例,其中单纯性高PRL血症24例,脑垂体PRL微腺瘤42例、大腺瘤21例。设健康对照组36例。治疗组均予口服溴隐亭,开始量每晚为1.25mg,隔3d增加1.25mg,直到2.5mg,tid;在治疗前及治疗后12周、24周分别测定血清PRL,同时做脑垂体磁共振。结果:治疗12周后与治疗前同性别组比较,PRL值明显下降(P<0.05),但仍高于同性别对照组(P<0.05);治疗24周后PRL值比治疗前同性别组显著下降(P<0.01),且与同性别对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。12周后,单纯性高PRL血症治愈率达100%,垂体PRL微腺瘤总有效率为42.86%;24周后,垂体PRL微腺瘤治愈率为14.29%,总有效率为80.95%,垂体PRL大腺瘤总有效率为42.86%。结论:溴隐亭治疗高PRL血症可使血PRL恢复正常,垂体PRL腺瘤缩小甚至消失。     

溴隐亭或伽玛刀治疗垂体泌乳素腺瘤30例

目的：探讨口服溴隐亭和伽玛刀治疗垂体泌乳素腺瘤的临床疗效。方法：对３０ 例垂体泌乳素腺瘤患者,经口服溴隐亭或伽玛刀治疗前后的临床症状、血清泌乳素（ Ｐ Ｒ Ｌ） 水平、肿瘤体积等方面的改变进行了比较。结果：口服溴隐亭组,经治疗后其血清 Ｐ Ｒ Ｌ 水平降低优于伽玛刀组,两者有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ００１） , 肿瘤体积缩小则伽玛刀组优于溴隐亭组（ Ｐ＜ ００１） 。结论：垂体泌乳素腺瘤患者口服溴隐亭近期疗效显著,伽玛刀治疗后症状改善不显著者加服溴隐亭仍有效,其远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

溴隐亭或伽玛刀治疗垂体泌乳素腺瘤30例

目的：探讨口服溴隐亭和伽玛刀治疗垂体泌乳素腺瘤的临床疗效。方法：对３０例垂体泌乳素腺瘤患者,经口服溴隐亭或伽玛刀治疗前后的临床症状、血清泌乳素（ＰＲＬ）水平、肿瘤体积等方面的改变进行了比较。结果：口服溴隐亭组,经皇其血甭ＰＲＬ水平降低优于伽玛刀组,两组有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,肿瘤体积缩小则伽玛刀组优于省隐亭组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：垂体沁乳腺瘤患者口服溴隐亭近期疗效显著,伽玛刀治疗后症着改善     

溴隐亭对泌乳素腺瘤术后治疗作用的临床研究

目的 探讨溴隐亭对泌乳素腺瘤术后的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析非侵袭性泌乳素腺瘤15例、侵袭性泌乳素腺瘤6例患者的术后治疗效果.结果 术后口服溴隐亭在控制术后高泌乳素血症、随访中控制肿瘤复发方面均与未口服组比较存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论 肿瘤的生物学性质影响治疗方式的选择和最终预后水平.对于手术切除肿瘤后部分患者仍存在内分泌紊乱的激素异常和临床症状,术后合理地口服溴隐亭能有效恢复垂体正常生理功能,缩小肿瘤和降低肿瘤复发,增强手术效果,提高患者生活质量.     

溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素血症

对32例高PRL血症采用以溴隐亭为主及其他辅助治疗的疗效进行分析。其结果:治疗后16周血清PRL值87%恢复正常;肿瘤组与非肿瘤组首次排卵所需溴隐亭用量及治疗周期数有显著性差异(P<0.01);本组排卵率81.2%,妊娠率62.1%,流产率22.7%,足月分娩9例,孕产期顺利,新生儿均无畸形。溴隐亭是治疗高PRL血症极为有效的药物,如及时辅助克罗米芬、HCG、HMG-HCG更可达到节省用药、缩短疗程、提高疗效的目的。     

溴隐亭治疗垂体催乳素大腺瘤

目的 :探讨单纯溴隐亭治疗垂体催乳素大腺瘤的疗效。方法 :垂体催乳素大腺瘤 2 3例 ,用溴隐亭 7.5～ 10mg·d-1,口服 ,肿瘤愈大 ,催乳素 (PRL)水平愈高 ,则用药剂量愈大。当肿瘤缩小至直径 <1cm、PRL <10 0 μg·L-1时减至 2 .5～5mg·d-1。结果 :2 3例服药 1个月时PRL下降 (6 7± 15 ) %。服药 6个月肿瘤直径缩小 0 .4～ 0 .9cm。 12个月时 2 1例缩小0 .6～ 1.3cm ,2例肿瘤消失。 3年时复查 15例 ,有 11例肿瘤直径仅为 0 .5～ 0 .7cm ,其中 1例伴囊性变 ;3例肿瘤消失 (含上述2例 ) ;1例空蝶鞍。服药 6～ 14周停止溢乳 ,5～ 8周月经恢复。结论 :单纯溴隐亭治疗可使垂体PRL大腺瘤缩小或消失 ,且能恢复病人的生殖内分泌功能。     

泌乳素溴隐亭与自身免疫性疾病

泌乳素(PRL)作为前垂体所分泌的一种多肽类激素对人类及多种哺乳动物的生长、繁殖及渗透压调节起着关键作用[1].溴隐亭(bromocriptine)作为一种多巴胺2型受体的激动剂,能够显著降低血清PRL的水平[2].目前,已有越来越多的证据表明机体内升高的泌乳素水平与许多自身免疫病的发生发展均密切相关;而溴隐亭在降低体内泌乳素水平的同时,亦对多种自身免疫病显示了确切的治疗效果.本文回顾了泌乳素和溴隐亭在免疫调节及自身免疫性疾病中的作用.     

溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素血症20例疗效观察

溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素血症２０例疗效观察冯文忠，尹维珍，冯琳，张桂仙我院１９８６～１９９３年诊治高泌乳素血症（ＰＲＬ）２０例，报告如下：资料及方法２０例中女１９例，男１例。年龄平均３４．４５岁，病程平均３年。临床表现：分娩后８－１２月溢乳不止，闭经３例。...     

溴隐亭治疗女性不孕伴高泌乳素血症

1989年1月至1992年12月底,我院内分泌门诊曾应用溴隐亭治疗50例女性不孕伴高泌乳素血症,现对治疗与随访进行回顾性分析。其目的是分析研究溴隐亭的疗效与影响疗效的因素,以探讨提高疗效的关键问题。     

溴隐亭降糖作用的临床研究

目的：探讨溴隐亭的降糖作用及降糖机理。方法：用溴隐亭治疗３８例糖尿病患者,服溴隐亭前后检测血糖、胰岛素及升糖激素浓度。结果：服溴隐亭后血糖显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而胰岛素及升糖激素水平无显著变化。结论：溴隐亭对糖尿病人有明确的降糖作用,其降糖机理可能不是改变升糖激素水平。     

Pharmacokinetics of bromocriptine during continuous oral treatment of Parkinson's disease

Summary The plasma kinetics of bromocriptine (BCT), a long-acting dopamine agonist, was studied in twelve patients with Parkinson's disease, using a newly developed gas chromatographic method of analysis. Each patient received BCT for at least three weeks in a constant but different dose regimen. Concomitant treatment with 1-DOPA was not allowed. During a 6-day hospitalization period, a blood sample was taken immediately before the afternoon dose at 14.00 h (C_min) to determine the steady-state level. On the 6th day blood samples were collected every hour during two 8 h dose intervals. The results showed a significant correlation between the mean values of the AUC and the C_min. First order elimination kinetics appeared to be followed by BCT, at least for the plasma concentrations commonly found. Considerable inter-individual variation was demonstrated both for the dose/plasma concentration ratio and for calculated plasma clearances. No serious side-effects were observed during the investigation.     

溴隐亭不同给药时机对高泌乳素血症妇女促性腺激素诱导排卵的影响

目的：探讨溴隐亭不同给药时机对高泌乳素血症（ HPRL）妇女促性腺激素诱导排卵的影响。方法80例高泌乳素血症不孕不育妇女按照促卵泡激素药物促排方式,随机分为对照组与观察组各40例。对照组,肌注促性腺激素（ HMG）75～150 U,同时口服2．5 mg? d－1;观察组,先口服溴隐亭2．5 mg? d－1,再给与HMG治疗。结果观察组,促排卵周期数、平均用药天数、雌二醇（ E2）水平及妊娠率分别为47个、（6．94±0．82） d、（192．32±15．39） pg? mL－1及40．00％,对照组分别为56个、（13．42±1．98） d、（91．18±5．49） pg? mL－1及15．00％,2组上述指标差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;2组用药前后血清泌乳素（PRL）水平差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,但2组各用药阶段PRL水平差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论先用溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素血症之后,再用促卵泡激素药物促排卵治疗不育疗效较为理想。     

The effect of bromocriptine on plasma catecholamine concentrations in normal volunteers

Summary The effect of the ergot derivative bromocriptine (5 mg orally) on blood pressure and plasma catecholamine concentrations was explored in normal volunteers. A significant decrease of plasma noradrenaline was found, while dopamine and adrenaline concentrations did not change significantly. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lowered at 150 min after administration. The hypotensive effect of bromocriptine seems to be mediated by a lowered release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings. It may be hypothesized that the drug stimulates presynaptic dopamine receptors located on postganglionic sympathetic nerves, thus inhibiting noradrenaline discharge.     

Changes in nalorphine-induced hyperprolactinaemia after bromocriptine or sulpiride administration

Summary Nalorphine 5 mg im caused a significant increase in serum PRL in 8 healthy volunteers. Pretreatment with bromocriptine 5 mg inhibited the nalorphine-induced release of PRL, whereas sulpiride administration enhanced it.     

2种溴隐亭片的质量分析

目的对市售2种溴隐亭片的质量进行评价。方法参照2种产品的自身质量标准及中国药典2005版对2种产品的质量进行系统考察。结果2种产品的主要测定结果为:脆碎度检查减失重量均小于1%;含量均匀度的A+1.80 S分别为(9.2±s 1.4)和(8±4);60 min时的溶出度均大于80%;含量测定结果分别为(107.9±2.1)%和(107.4±2.2)%。结论2种溴隐亭片的各项质量分析结果均符合中国药典规定。     

溴隐亭对肝硬化患者催乳素水平的影响

目的观察溴隐亭对高催乳素肝硬化患者催乳素水平的影响。方法选取39例高催乳素肝硬化患者随机分为两组,治疗组20例,对照组19例,治疗3周。观察治疗前后两组患者的症状、体征、肝功能及催乳素水平指标的变化,评价溴隐亭对肝硬化患者高催乳素的疗效。结果治疗组降低催乳素水平指标明显优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论溴隐亭有比较良好的降低高催乳素肝硬化患者催乳素水平的效果。     

Metergoline versus bromocriptine in the prevention of puerperal lactation

Summary In a double blind study of the prevention of puerperal lactation, the clinical efficacy of two antiprolactin drugs was compared: metergoline 4 mg tid and bromocriptine 2.5 mg bid were both given for 7 days. An additional 7 days of treatment was administered to 16 patients in whom mammary activity was still present or appeared in the following 3 days. The first 7 day period of treatment was effective in 16/20 women receiving metergoline and in 7/20 on bromocriptine (p<0.02); the second period of treatment was effective in all remaining patients. These data indicate that metergoline acts rapidly to arrest puerperal lactation, possibly by a mechanism different from that of bromocriptine.     

Efficacy and safety of levofloxacin as a treatment for complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common causes of sepsis presenting to hospitals. Treating complicated UTIs is extremely important due to their potential mortality. Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial that has become one of the cornerstones of antibiotic therapy of complicated UTIs and pyelonephritis since its introduction in the 1990s because of its exceptional pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile. However, the emergence of widespread fluoroquinolone resistance over the past decade has prompted investigators to reexamine its place in the treatment of UTI.     

Quercetin nanoparticles alter pharmacokinetics of bromocriptine,reflecting its enhanced inhibitory action on liver and intestinal CYP 3A enzymes in rats

1.?Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid has extremely low water solubility and found to possess CYP3A inhibitory activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin and quercetin nanoparticles (NQC) on the pharmacokinetics of bromocriptine (BRO) in rats.

2.?NQC prepared by antisolvent precipitation method and characterized by SEM and dissolution test. The following methods were used in this study i.e. in vitro liver and intestinal CYP3A microsomal activity and in vitro non-everted sac method. To confirm these findings, an in vivo pharmacokinetic study was also performed.

3.?The results indicate that quercetin significantly (p?P_app of BRO were significantly increased in NQC and quercetin groups. Furthermore, in vivo study revealed that the increased levels of C_max and AUC were comparatively high in NQC pretreated group than quercetin group. In addition, pretreatment with quercetin and NQC significantly (p?4.?NQC pretreatment might be result in higher plasma levels of quercetin that could inhibit the CYP3A enzyme and enhanced the bioavailability of BRO.