全瓷桩核与镍铬合金桩核在前牙修复中的受力比较

目的分析瓷桩核前牙全瓷冠的受力情况，并与镍铬合金桩核金属烤瓷冠的受力情况作对比。方法设计上颌中切牙瓷桩核全瓷冠修复体模型和金属桩核金属烤瓷冠修复体模型，利用二维有限无分析法计算在九种加载条件下，各模型瓷层、粘接层及剩余牙根拉应力、压应力、剪切应力及Von-Mises应力。结果瓷桩核全瓷冠修复体模型桩核部分四种应力值均小于金属桩核金属烤瓷冠修复体模型；两模型其他部分应力值相近。两个模型各层次的四种力值均随加载与牙长轴的角度加大而增大；随加载位置从切端向牙颈部移动而减小。结论在正常功能状态下，使用瓷桩核与金属桩核相比，对剩余牙体组织的应力大小和分布没有明显的影响。而加载的角度和部位对剩余牙体组织应力大小和分布的影响最为明显。     

铜基合金桩核冠修复残根残冠的远期疗效观察

铜基合金桩核冠修复残根残冠的远期疗效观察北京铁路总医院口腔科（１０００３８）何淑琴，杜孝兰铜基合金是由铜、锌、镍、铝等元素组成的中熔合金。熔化温度为７００～９５０℃，布氏硬度为５６～１６４，有一定的机械强度，铸造性能较好，但化学稳定性较低，在口腔内仍...     

喇叭口状残根的金合金桩核冠修复

目的　探讨喇叭口状残根金合金桩核冠修复的疗效。方法　 2 9例 38颗喇叭口状残根经完善根管治疗后 ,以 4 5 %金合金行桩核冠修复 ,用Super BondC&B黏固剂黏固 ,并经 0 5～ 3 5年临床疗效追踪观察。结果　 38颗患牙有 34颗未见异常 ,4颗有不同程度的叩痛、松动、根折或冠脱落。结论　喇叭口状残根金合金桩核冠修复的效果满意 ,但修复前须经完善的根管治疗 ,修复后应严格调。     

高金合金与镍铬合金烤瓷冠临床应用效果的比较

目的：探讨和比较高金合金、含钛的镍铬合金（Tilite、钛莱特）、镍铬合金烤瓷冠的临床应用效果。方法：分别制作高金合金、钛莱特、镍铬合金烤瓷冠各60个，共180个。在烤瓷冠完成时和复查时，临床检查冠的颜色、颈缘染色、边缘密合度和牙折断、折裂情况，观察3年。结果：钛莱特和镍铬合金烤瓷冠在颜色、颈缘染色、边缘密合度方面无显性差异（P＞0.05）；高金合金烤瓷冠没有颈缘染色，在颜色和边缘密合度方面优于Tilite和镍铬合金烤瓷冠（P＜0.05）；3组都未见牙折断、折裂及组织过敏反应。结论：高金合金烤瓷冠比镍铬合金烤瓷冠有更好的临床效果。     

镍铬合金嵌体冠修复重度磨牙牙冠缺损的方法

目的镍铬合金嵌体冠修复重度磨牙牙冠缺损的效果。方法选择经过完善根管治疗的磨牙残冠257颗牙,以髓室固位型镍铬合金嵌体冠形式修复治疗。结果经0．5—3年随访观察,有3颗牙半年前嵌体伞冠脱落,5颗牙1年后基牙折断,成功率为96．9％。结论采用镍铬合金嵌体冠来修复重度磨牙牙冠缺损,可以获得良好的临床治疗效果。     

碳纤维桩与镍铬合金桩核的临床应用对比观察

目的 使用碳纤维桩修复系统修复前牙牙体缺损，通过对修复体进行长期的临床观察，为该修复系统的应用推广进行初步探索并积累经验。方法 以未完全建He的儿童患者21例共计26颗患牙和成人患者30例共计30颗患牙为实验对象，分别采用碳纤维桩和镍铬合金柱核修复系统修复，并定期进行临床检查。结果 碳纤维桩修复系统26颗修复体6个月后复查，成功率为96.2％，8颗修复体12个月后复查，成功率为92．3％。镍铬合金桩核修复系统30颗修复体12个月后复查，成功率为96．7％。结论 对于儿童患者碳纤维桩修复系统可以满足临床要求，但仍需对其进行长期的临床观察。     

铸造桩核冠修复残根残冠的临床疗效观察

目的观察铸造桩核冠修复残根残冠的临床效果。方法选择根管充填完善、牙根形态正常、牙周组织健康的残根残冠经牙体、根管预备、取模、铸造桩核、制作金属烤瓷冠或金属全冠。结果治疗250例患者,共292颗牙。通过1~3年的随访观察,281颗牙修复体完整,咀嚼功能良好,成功率为96.2%。结论铸造桩核冠修复残根、残冠效果良好。     

镍铬合金烤瓷冠修复患者头发中镍铬元素的含量

目的:观察镍铬合金烤瓷冠修复后患者头发中镍铬元素含量的变化,探讨镍铬合金长期存在于口腔中的安全性。方法:选取60名经体检合格的健康人作为正常对照组;60名上、下颌前牙有任意3颗行镍铬合金烤瓷冠修复的患者作为实验组。实验组修复后半年及1年和对照组均采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定头发镍铬元素含量。结果:头发镍含量:实验组半年与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);实验组1年与对照组相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);实验组1年与半年比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。头发铬含量:各组之间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:镍铬合金烤瓷冠修复后会在口腔环境中释放一定的镍、铬,且释放的量与时间有关,但量很微小。     

不同桩核全冠修复磨牙残冠5年疗效的比较

选择经过完善根管治疗的磨牙残冠200例,采用双根管桩设计,分别利用螺纹桩银汞合金核、螺纹桩树脂核和铸造桩核进行全冠修复,临床随访观察5年,铸造桩核组失败率为1.25%,明显低于其它两组,具有统计学意义;螺纹桩银汞核组与螺纹桩树脂核组间的失败率差异无统计学意义。在磨牙残冠的全冠修复中,铸造桩核较螺纹桩银汞合金核或树脂核的长期疗效好。     

种植钉与口外力作为正畸强支抗的临床比较研究

目的 比较头帽口外力装置和钛合金钉种植体作为正畸强支抗对正畸病人治疗结果的影响.方法 选择开唇露齿,牙列拥挤和/或前牙前突的患者20名,随机分成两组.第一组使用头帽口外弓加强后牙支抗;第二组使用助攻型种植钉作为支抗体.比较两组总的治疗时间,及治疗前后X线头影测量的线距和U1-SN的角度差值.结果 ①种植体周围组织健康,没有发生松动和脱落.②使用口外支抗组总的治疗时间平均为23.9月,种植支抗组平均为20.9月.③使用口外支抗组的支抗磨牙近中平均2.91 mm,切牙切缘平均内收5.07mm,治疗前后U1-SN角度的差值为15.7°;而使用种植支抗组的支抗磨牙近中移动平均1.05 mm,切牙切缘平均内收6.69mm,U1-SN角度的差值为12.1°,两组之间的差异有统计学意义.结论 使用钛合金钉种植体作为正畸强支抗要比头帽口外力装置能够更好的控制牙齿移动,缩短整个治疗的时间.     

牙科发光二极管光固化灯和普通卤光灯临床应用效果评价

目的：了解牙科发光二极管光固化灯应用于患牙备洞树脂充填固化后的临床效果.方法：按纳入标准选择门诊就诊患者患牙160颗,龋损和楔状缺损各80颗.随机分为试验组和对照组,使用牙科树脂材料充填后,实验组应用发光二极管光固化灯固化20sec,对照组应用普通卤光灯固化40sec,打磨抛光;12个月后复诊,评价.结果：楔状缺损实验组有1颗充填物脱落,1颗边缘密合度缺陷,1颗边缘着色,成功率92.1%;对照组有1颗充填物脱落,1颗边缘着色,成功率94.4%;无统计学意义上的差异（P＞0.05）.龋损实验组有3例边缘密合度缺陷,2颗边缘着色,成功率87.5%;对照组有2颗边缘密合度缺陷,1颗边缘着色,成功率91.7%;无统计学意义上的差异（P＞0.05）.结论：发光二极管光固化灯与普通卤光灯临床效果没有区别,但操作时间更短,使用更为轻巧.     

Comparison between self-estimated and clinical oral malodor

Abstract

Objectives. The aims were to evaluate the validity of patients' self-estimation and clinical diagnosis of oral malodor and to examine the relationship of oral malodor with oral health status. Methods. The subjects were 252 patients (mean age 43.7 ± 10.7 years) who complained of oral malodor. Oral malodor was assessed by patients' self-estimation, organoleptic test and Oral Chroma. Oral health status, including dental and periodontal conditions, oral hygiene status and flow rate of saliva, was examined. The N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-napthilamide (BANA) positive bacteria in tongue coating were evaluated by BANA test. A Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to test correlation between self-perceived and clinical oral malodor. The stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess predictors of patients' self-estimated and clinical oral malodor. Results. The percentage of patients who were diagnosed with pseudo-halitosis was 38.5%. Patients' self-estimated oral malodor was significantly correlated with organoleptic test (r = 0.61), H₂S (r = 0.50) and CH₃SH (r = 0.46). There were 47.1% of patients who estimated correctly their oral malodor's scores with those by examiner. The highest correspondence was found in patients without oral malodor (52.6%), followed by in those with moderate or strong oral malodor (46.7%) and in those with slight oral malodor (33.3%). The significant predictors of patients' self-estimated and clinical oral malodor were bleeding on probing, tongue coating, BANA test and flow rate of saliva. Conclusion. Patients' self-estimated oral malodor was found to correspond significantly with clinical oral malodor and be associated with oral health status. Current findings suggest that self-estimation can be used to judge one's own oral malodor.     

3种根管治疗方法的临床效果比较

目的：观察Profile机动镍钛针根管预备器械预备根管，热融胶针充填根管与传统根管治疗方法的临床效果。方法：将患者随机分为3组，A组：Profile预备根管，热融胶针充填根管。B组：Profile预备根管，碘仿糊剂牙胶尖根充。C组：手工法不锈钢扩大针预备根管，碘仿糊剂牙胶尖根充。结果：经X线片和临床对比观察．A组优于B组．B组优于C组。结论：Profile机动镍钛针预备根管，工作效率高，根管预备形态好，省时省力。热融胶针充填根管恰充率明显高于其他方法。经过Profile预备的根管，使用国产材料根充同样可以达到满意效果。手工预备根管和传统侧压法根充较费时费力，恰充率低于机动预备和热融胶针根充组：     

平阳霉素与鱼肝油酸钠局部注射治疗颌面部静脉畸形的临床疗效比较

目的比较平阳霉素与鱼肝油酸钠分别注射治疗口腔颌面部静脉畸形的临床疗效。方法颌面部静脉畸形40例，20例小剂量平阳霉素局部注射治疗，20例5％鱼肝油酸钠局部瘤体注射治疗。结果平阳霉素有效19例（19／20），鱼肝油酸钠有效12例（12／20）。不良反应：平阳霉素10例（10／20），鱼肝油酸钠14例（14／20），前者主要为轻度全身反应，后者为局部严重反应。经x^2检验，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论平阳霉素治疗颌面部静脉畸形疗效好，疗程短，是一种简便、有效的方法，平阳霉素疗效优于鱼肝油酸钠。     

电刀排龈法和压线排龈法的临床应用效果比较

目的 探讨电刀排龈在前牙区、前磨牙区和磨牙区的应用效果.方法 收集需冠桥修复患者47例,共90颗基牙,其中前牙、前磨牙、磨牙各30颗.根据牙位分为前牙组、前磨牙组、磨牙组,每组又分为2个亚组,分别随机选取15颗采用电刀排龈法排龈,另外15颗采用压线排龈法排龈,比较2种排龈方法的操作时间和效果.结果 前牙组、前磨牙组、磨牙组应用电刀排龈法的排龈时间分别为(2.07 ±0.10) min、(2.05±0.09)min、(2.14±0.13)min,平均排龈时间为(2.08±0.11)min;应用压线排龈法的排龈时间分别为(8.79 ±0.25) min、(8.51±0.23) min、(8.62±0.20) min,平均排龈时间为(8.64±0.25) min;2种方法的平均排龈时间差异有统计学意义(t=91.5,P＜0.05).前牙组、前磨牙组、磨牙组电刀排龈法排龈效果满意率分别为100％、100％、93％,平均满意率为97％;压线排龈法排龈效果满意率分别为80％、93％、100％,平均满意率为91％;2种排龈方法的平均满意率差异无统计学意义(x2=1.90,P＞0.05).结论 电刀排龈可以取得安全、满意的排龈效果,在所有牙位区的排龈操作时间均较压线排龈法明显缩短,在前牙区使用优越性较明显.     

两种根管糊剂用于热牙胶根管充填的疗效观察

目的探讨两种根管糊剂在热牙胶根管充填中的临床应用效果。方法 145颗热牙胶根管充填治疗的单根管患牙,随机分为2组,Corstimol组72颗患牙根管充填时用Corstimol糊剂,AH-plus组73颗患牙根管充填时用AH-Plus糊剂,2年后回访观察2组的成功率,并行统计学分析。结果 2年后回访91颗患牙,回访率62.8%。两组根管糊剂充填2年后,Corstimol组回访42颗,成功34颗,成功率81.0%;AH-plus组回访49颗,成功45颗,成功率91.8%,比较临床效果差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.7857,P<0.05)。结论 AH-Plus糊剂用于热牙胶根管充填的疗效优于Corstimol糊剂。     

Comparison of the clinical effects and gingival abrasion aspects of manual and electric toothbrushes

AIMS: The clinical effects and gingival abrasion aspects of 2 electrical tooth-brushes (Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra and the novel development Braun Oral-B Plak Control 3D) were to be compared with conventional manual tooth-brushing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a cross-over study, 26 dental student volunteers participated and were assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Following instruction in the use of the electric as well as manual toothbrushes, the volunteers were timed for 2 min each day to apply one electric or the manual toothbrush, respectively, during 3 experimental phases of 2 weeks. No other methods of tooth cleaning were to be performed except the one specified for the respective test period. When brushing manually, the Bass toothbrushing technique was applied. Between each test period, a recovery period of 1 week was allowed during which no oral hygiene was performed at all. At the start and the end of each of the experimental periods, the extension of plaque deposits from the gingival margin in coronal direction was assessed using the Turesky et al. modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. Presence or absence of gingival inflammation was evaluated by bleeding and probing (BOP). The extent and severity of gingival abrasions were assessed by use of a modified method of Breitenmoser et al. and adapted by Danser et al. RESULTS: The plaque-reducing effect was similar in all groups with the same cleaning regime. For that reason, the result of the different experimental phases with the respective cleaning modalities were collapsed. Cleaning with the Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra electric toothbrush resulted consistently in the lowest plaque scores when compared to both the Braun Oral-B Plak Control 3D and the manual toothbrush. Although the differences in plaque reduction were statistically significant between cleaning with Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra and 3D, they were small and of questionable clinical relevance. No significant differences in plaque reductions were found between manual brushing and any of the 2 electric brushes. Gingival abrasions were least pronounced following brushing with the Braun Oral-B Plak Control 3D electric toothbrush. However, no significant differences in gingival abrasion were encountered following brushing with the Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra electric in comparison with the manual toothbrush. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study have shown that in a group of dental students trained in manual brushing technique, where efficacy was similar with the 3 toothbrushes tested, there is no evidence of greater gingival abrasion with either Braun Oral-B Plak Control Ultra or 3D when compared with a manual brush.     

Crystaleye电脑比色仪和目测法比色的临床效果比较

目的:比较Crystaleye分光光度计电脑比色仪比色和目测法的比色效果,探讨电脑比色仪临床使用的可行性.方法:随机选取前牙或第一前磨牙区的单颗Ni-Cr烤瓷全冠修复患者63例,分别用Vitapan classical比色板目测比色法和Crystaleye电脑比色仪比色,根据2种比色方法的比色结果,制作1组修复体(冠V和冠S).修复后,用Crystaleye电脑比色仪对每组修复体和比色参照的天然牙进行测色,计算每组修复体体部与天然牙体部的总色差⊿E值,采用SPSS13.0软件包对结果进行配对t检验.由患者(p)和医师(d)按照双盲法,分别对2套冠进行比色评价(Vp,Vd,Sp,Sd),对评价结果进行配对x2检验.结果:V组⊿E(3.13±0.80)和S组⊿E(2.68±0.72)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).比色评价上,Vp组和Sp组差异无统计学意义(P=0.035);Vd组和Sd组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);p组和d组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:Crystaleye电脑比色仪的比色效果优于肉眼比色,Crystaleye电脑比色仪可用于临床并辅助医师比色.