草木犀药材的生药学研究

目的:研究草木犀药材的生药学。方法:从原植物形态、性状特征、显微特征和药材浸提物的紫外光谱、药材粉末的红外光谱方面对草木犀进行定性鉴别。结果:草木犀药材根横切面可见辐射型维管束中有19束射线;茎横切面髓部占整个横切面的4/5;小叶片横切面主脉维管束正上方有栅栏组织通过;叶柄横切面呈心形,内有3个大小不等的维管束成三角形排列;叶表皮分布有细胞组成的腺毛和单细胞非腺毛;组织解离中叶可见草酸钙方晶的晶纤维,不定式气孔,叶柄有腺毛和非腺毛表面可见疣状突起,螺纹导管;提取物紫外光谱图、药材粉末二阶导数红外光谱图特征明显。结论:该研究所建标准可用于草木犀药材的生药学鉴别。     

过塘蛇的生药学观察

目的对过塘蛇有毒药用植物进行生药学研究,为临床应用、中毒抢救和开发利用提供参考资料。方法采用药材性状鉴定、显微鉴定、理化鉴定方法。结果发现过塘蛇茎横切面皮层较宽,中间具纤维束,环状排列。叶横切面的中脉维管束上方有栅栏组织通过。根、茎、叶粉末中嵌晶纤维众多,胞腔大。结论以上生药学特征可作为过塘蛇的主要鉴别依据。     

沙蓬的组织构造和显微鉴定

目的对蒙药沙蓬的组织构造和显微特征进行研究。方法对沙蓬根和茎横切面的组织构造进行显微鉴定,并对根、茎、叶以及果实的粉末显微特征进行鉴别。结果沙蓬根的横切面呈现异常生长的三生组织构造特征,轴器官为双螺旋状式样结构类型,异常维管束为外韧型维管束。茎的横切面组织构造呈现异常生长的三生构造特征,轴器官为同心环状式样结构类型,皮层附加异常维管束为外韧型维管束,3、4轮同心环状排列。异常维管束之间的结合组织结构式样为径向厚壁木质化型,束间薄壁组织细胞高度木质化,轮层间的薄壁组织细胞较大。根的粉末可见大量草酸钙簇晶,螺纹、网纹、孔纹等多种类型导管,薄壁细胞高度木质化,纤维细长高度木质化,细胞腔明显。茎部粉末可见不等式或不定式气孔,草酸钙簇晶数量众多,导管为螺纹、网纹、孔纹。叶部粉末亦可见不等式或不定式气孔,草酸钙簇晶数量众多,散在或镶嵌于薄壁细胞中,薄壁细胞细长。果实粉末可见大量分支状非腺毛和胚乳细胞,草酸钙簇晶存在于薄壁细胞腔内或镶嵌于细胞间隙,数目极多。结论该研究成果可用于沙蓬药材的显微鉴定,为制定沙蓬药材的质量标准打下基础。     

青蒿不同部位的性状及显微特征的研究

目的 研究青蒿植株不同部位的药材性状及粉末的显微构造,为黄花蒿药材资源的开发利用奠定基础.方法 采用性状鉴定法和显微鉴定法.结果 描述了青蒿叶、花、茎、根、子的药材性状以及显微特征,并绘制出粉末图.结论 各部位的显微特征均较明显,其中,青蒿叶、花、根、茎的性状及粉末显微特征属首次报道.     

酸藤子的生药学鉴别

目的 鉴别酸藤子的生药学特征.方法 对药材进行基源鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别.结果 酸藤子根木栓层内壁增厚,似石细胞样,内皮层细胞较小,内含棕色物,射线中可见类圆形的油细胞;茎、叶横切面均有离生式分泌腔;叶表面可见腺鳞.粉末中可见棕色块、油细胞、晶鞘纤维、草酸钙方晶、腺鳞等.黄酮类化合物的理化鉴别为阳性反应,薄层可检出芦丁斑点.结论 所用方法可为酸藤子药材的鉴别和开发利用提供依据.     

海滩马鞭草(Verbena littoralis H.B.K.)的组织构造显微鉴别

目的首次对海滩马鞭草的组织构造和显微特征进行鉴别。方法取干燥海滩马鞭草的茎、根茎、叶制成横切面永久切片 ,将全草粉末用水合氯醛透化、将根茎用铬酸 硝酸解离后 ,置光学显微镜下观察。结果绘制出海滩马鞭草的根茎、茎和叶的组织构造详图和全草粉末的显微特征详图。结论为鉴别海滩马鞭草药材提供科学的依据。     

四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木的显微鉴别研究

目的:对夹竹桃科植物四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木进行显微鉴别比较。方法:采用石蜡切片法对根、茎、叶进行切片;用常规的显微技术观察组织构造和显微特征;用生物显微摄影技术真实还原细胞的显微结构特征。结果:四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木根横切面的韧皮部均较窄,四叶萝芙木木纤维众多,而催吐萝芙木导管明显;四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木茎横切面的韧皮部外侧均有散在纤维,且断续排列成环,四叶萝芙木茎横切面可见大量木纤维,而催吐萝芙木没有木纤维;四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木叶横切面的中脉维管束均呈半月形,中脉上下方表皮细胞内侧均有厚角组织,四叶萝芙木上下表皮均具有非腺毛,而催吐萝芙木没有非腺毛。结论:以上显微特征可作为四叶萝芙木和催吐萝芙木的主要鉴别依据。     

人血七药材的生药学鉴别

目的 制定人血七的质量标准.方法 采用性状鉴定、显微鉴定与理化鉴定的方法鉴别了人血七的根、茎、叶.结果 茎横切面中,皮层中部的细胞壁增厚,木化,中柱鞘纤维断续排列成环状,维管束外韧型;叶中无栅栏组织与海绵组织的分化;粉末中特异薄壁细胞表面有斜向交错网状纹理;皮层的细胞壁增厚,木化.人血七甲醇提取液可与生物碱沉淀试剂反应产生沉淀.结论 上述特征可作为人血七药材的鉴别依据.     

瑶药石柑子的生药学研究

目的 对瑶药石柑子进行生药学研究。方法 采用植物形态鉴别、药材性状鉴别和显微鉴别对石柑子进行研究。结果 石柑子药材多分枝,茎节处有气生根,单身复叶互生;茎横切面为单子叶植物根状茎结构;粉末显微下可见晶鞘纤维、草酸钙簇晶、草酸钙针晶、石细胞、气孔、网纹导管等。结论 石柑子的性状特征可作为其鉴别的参考依据。     

塘葛菜的显微鉴定

目的对塘葛菜进行显微鉴别研究。方法采用石蜡切片法对塘葛菜根、茎、叶进行切片,使用显微技术观察组织构造及显微特征。结果根横切面射线和形成层明显;茎横切面有14~16个维管束间断排列成环,外侧具中柱鞘纤维束;叶脉横切面主脉维管束外韧型,上表皮下方具1列色素细胞,栅栏组织与海绵组织分化不明显;全草粉末中可见花粉粒、花冠表皮、花萼表皮、腺毛、种皮、非腺毛、导管、纤维和淀粉粒。结论该鉴定方法可靠,可作为塘葛菜的鉴定依据。     

秦岭产宜昌蛇菰生药学特征与抗氧化活性研究

目的：对秦岭产宜昌蛇菰的生药学特征进行鉴别研究,为品种鉴定提供参考依据;对宜昌蛇菰体外抗氧化活性进行研究,为有效利用其资源提供参考依据。方法对原植物形态、性状、根茎、鳞叶、横切面显微进行鉴别研究;借助紫外分光光度法,通过比较1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）清除率,评价宜昌蛇菰各部位不同溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果宜昌蛇菰的茎横切面表皮以内为薄壁组织,外韧性维管束散在,无明显皮层、中柱以及髓部分化;鳞叶横切面可见主脉维管束散在,无栅栏组织、海绵组织的分化,呈现等面叶的特征。宜昌蛇菰各部位不同溶剂提取液在实验质量浓度范围内,各提取物抗氧化能力均随其质量浓度升高而增强。结论宜昌蛇菰花茎和鳞叶横切面初生构造的特征,对其品种鉴定提供参考依据。宜昌蛇菰根茎、鳞叶、花均具有明显抗氧化活性,三者间无明显差异,故提示其应全株入药。     

取向性丝素蛋白仿生软骨支架的制备及其生物相容性评估

目的 利用定向结晶技术制备具有仿生取向微孔结构的丝素蛋白支架,探讨其作为软骨支架的可行性。方法 以丝素蛋白为原料,采用定向结晶技术制成具有仿生取向微孔结构的支架,扫描电镜观察支架结构,测量支架的孔径、孔隙率和力学性能。从兔颈背部分离出脂肪干细胞,培养后获取第3 代细胞,接种到支架上。CCK 8 检测支架上细胞增殖情况;HE染色和扫描电镜观察细胞在支架上的黏附能力;LIVE/DEAD染色观察支架上的细胞活性。结果 扫描电镜显示,支架纵切面可见平行排列的微管样结构,具有较为统一的方向性,横切面可见椭圆或圆形孔隙结构,横截面微孔结构的平均孔径为（112.43± 12.65）μ m ,孔隙率高达（90.25± 2.05）% ,支架压缩弹性模量为（52.48± 5.78）kPa;复合脂肪干细胞培养,HE染色和扫描电镜可见细胞均匀黏附在支架表面及孔隙内,分泌大量沿微 孔结构取向分布的细胞外基质;CCK 8 检测结果显示细胞在支架上增殖良好;LIVE/DEAD染色显示细胞保持良好的活性,未见死细胞。结论 取向性丝素蛋白支架具有均匀的仿生取向微孔结构,具有合适的孔径、孔隙率和生物相容性,力学强度良好,可作为软骨组织工程的支架载体。     

Preparation and evaluation of a novel gastric floating alginate/poloxamer inner-porous beads using foam solution

In the present study, a simple and rapid method was developed to prepare a novel kind of inner-porous floating beads. The beads were prepared by dripping the foam solution into CaCl(2) solution using disposable syringe needle, where the foam solution consisting numerous of microbubbles with poloxamer 188 as foaming agents, alginate as foaming stablizer. Foamability and foam stability of different polymer ratios were evaluated. The SEM cross-section pictures of the beads showed that the beads were inner-porous and composed of bubbles with very thin wall bubbles stacked together. The visual observation result and the resultant-weight method confirmed that the floating beads showed good buoyancy, most beads could float in the stomach for more than 6 h. The floating beads release behavior in vitro showed that drug release from the beads in a sustained-release fashion for 10 h. Gamma scintigraphic images and pharmacokinetic studies in vivo showed that the beads can retained in the stomach for over 6 h and can improve the bioavailability of drug with narrow absorption window.     

淡豆豉不同制法其成品性状及异黄酮类化学成分含量的比较

目的:比较古法炮制与现今药典制法的淡豆豉其成品性状及异黄酮类化学成分的含量。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法对淡豆豉提取物中的总异黄酮进行含量测定;采用高效液相色谱法对淡豆豉提取物中异黄酮游离苷元(大豆素、染料木素)的含量进行测定。色谱柱为Prevail-C18(250 mm×10.0 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水-乙酸(35∶64∶1,V/V/V),检测波长为260 nm,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为25℃,进样量为15μl。结果:古法炮制的淡豆豉气香,质地柔软,断面为棕褐色,表皮皱缩,总异黄酮含量为4.140 mg/g,大豆素含量为1.263 0 mg/g,染料木素含量为1.254 mg/g;现今药典制法的淡豆豉气味微弱,质地稍硬,断面为棕黄色,表皮皱缩,总异黄酮含量为3.530 mg/g,大豆素含量为0.349 mg/g,染料木素含量为0.335 mg/g。结论:古法炮制淡豆豉与现今药典制法淡豆豉相比,前者成品性状好、大豆异黄酮类含量高,古法炮制有明显优势。     

Estimating cointegrating relations from a cross section

Summary This paper specifies a regression model describing cointegrating relations between variables at the individual level. The models considered allow for homogeneous cointegration and heterogeneous cointegration. In both cases correlation between the regressors and the regression error can occur through aggregate shocks that are common to all cross-section units so the condition about the regressors being independent of the regression error is not imposed. It is shown that the estimator obtained by a cross-section regression performed at any point in time is a consistent estimator of the cointegrating parameters in the homogeneous case and of the cointegrating parameter means in the heterogeneous case. In both cases the limiting distribution of the cross-section estimator is normal.     

Inhibition of neointimal proliferation in balloon-injured arteries using non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene

Non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene (NAC-HCPS) has a higher activity to inhibit proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) than heparin (Hep), periodate-oxidized (IO4-) Hep, and periodate-oxidized alkaline-degraded low molecular weight (IO4-LMW-) Hep. Less than 10 microg/ml of NAC-HCPS significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of SMCs in vitro, while over 10-fold higher concentrations of Hep, IO4-Hep, and IO4-LMW-Hep were required to obtain the same inhibition. On the other hand, neointimal growth (intimal cross-section area and intimal cross-section area/medial cross-section area ratio) in vivo following vascular injury 28 days after balloon denudation in a rat carotid artery was substantially inhibited with high dose of intravenous administration (total 30 mg) of respectively IO4-Hep, IO4-LMW-Hep, and NAC-HCPS. A low-dose (total 10 mg) administration of IO4-Hep and IO4-LMW-Hep did not prevent the neointimal growth when compared with the control; only NAC-HCPS (total 10 mg) was able to significantly inhibit the neointimal. Thus, NAC-HCPS has a more-than 10-fold larger activity to inhibit SMC activities such as proliferation and migration in vitro, when comparing with Hep, IO4-Hep, and IO4-LMW-Hep; NAC-HCPS also prevents neointimal growth in vivo at lower doses.     

Preparation of ionic-crosslinked chitosan-based gel beads and effect of reaction conditions on drug release behaviors

Drug-loaded chitosan (CS) beads were prepared under simple and mild condition using trisodium citrate as ionic crosslinker. The beads were further coated with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) by dipping the beads in PMAA aqueous solution. The surface and cross-section morphology of these beads were observed by scanning electron microscopy and the observation showed that the coating beads had core-shell structure. In vitro release of model drug from these beads obtained under different reaction conditions was investigated in buffer medium (pH 1.8). The results showed that the rapid drug release was restrained by PMAA coating and the optimum conditions for preparing CS-based drug-loaded beads were decided through the effect of reaction conditions on the drug release behaviors. In addition, the drug release mechanism of CS-based drug-loaded beads was analyzed by Peppa's potential equation. According to this study, the ionic-crosslinked CS beads coated by PMAA could serve as suitable candidate for drug site-specific carrier in stomach.     

多层螺旋CT图像后处理技术在原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓中的诊断价值

目的 探讨MSCT肝脏多期增强扫描及图像后处理技术对原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析43例经临床及CT诊断为原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者的MSCT多期增强扫描与图像后处理技术的影像学表现。图像重建方法有3种：多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）和容积再现（VR）。结果动脉期MIP和VR结合清晰显示41例腹腔内血管及肿瘤供血血管。冠状位MPR重建显示37例癌栓大小、范围及管腔变窄程度。斜位MPR重建显示癌栓的范围及形态,10例呈局部结节状,20例呈团片状,7例呈不规则形。横断面MIP及动脉期VR显示28例门脉癌栓由肝动脉供血。MIP及MPR结合,6例显示邻近肿瘤对门脉的侵犯,40例显示门脉的侧支血管。结论MSCT肝脏增强扫描及图像后处理技术技术是诊断与评价原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的有效手段,具有相当的优越性。