染铅大鼠血清一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的变化及其相互关系的研究

目的探讨染铅过程中,大鼠血清一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化及其相互关系.方法血清NO(NO3+NO2-)浓度测定采用硝酸还原酶法,血清NOS活力测定采用NOS催化L-Arg和氧分子生成NO法,血清SOD活力测定采用亚硝酸盐显色法,血清MDA测定采用硫代巴比妥(TBA)法.结果与对照组比较,高剂量慢性染铅组血清NOS活力在早期(7 d)为(26.03±3 40)U/ml,明显高于对照组(16 40±1.29)U/ml,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),晚期(60 d、90 d)明显降低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).低、高剂量染铅组在60 d后血清NO和SOD明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).高剂量染铅组血清MDA除14 d外各时点均明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).血铅与血清NO、NOS间无相关关系(r=0.217,r=0 119,P＞0.05).血铅与血清SOD存在负相关关系(r=0.479,P＜0.01),且呈现负向抛物线型剂量-效应关系,血铅与血清MDA间存在正相关关系(r=0.496,P＜0.01),且呈现正向剂量效应关系(P＜0.01).血清NO与SOD间存在正相关关系(r=0 379,P＜0.01),且呈现正向剂量效应关系(P＜0.01).结论在慢性染铅过程中,可导致血清SOD活力降低,MDA含量升高,且呈剂量-效应关系,血清NO与SOD存在正相关,且呈正向剂量-效应关系,表明铅对血清NO、NOS的影响可能是通过影响SOD的活力来间接实现的.     

慢性氟中毒大鼠睾丸组织总抗氧化能力与一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮水平的变化

目的 通过给实验大鼠饮用不同浓度的氟化钠溶液,造成慢性氟中毒,测定实验大鼠睾丸组织匀浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力和一氧化氮(NO)的含量.方法 选用Wistar雄性大鼠24只,分为对照组、低氟组、高氟组,每组8只,染氟组分别自由饮用含氟化钠(NaF)100 mg/L、200mg/L的自来水,对照组自由饮用自来水.20周后处死动物,留取睾丸,制备匀浆.采用比色法检测T-AOC及NOS活力;采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测SOD活力;采用硝酸还原酶法检测NO含量.结果 低氟组与对照组比较,T-AOC明显增加(P＜0.01);而高氟组与对照组比较,则明显降低(P＜0.01).SOD活力在各组间比较,差异无统计学意义.与对照组比较,低氟组NOS活力、NO含量均明显减少(P＜0.01);而高氟组NOS活力、NO含量均明显升高(P＜0.01).结论 低剂量氟可能通过抑制NOS活力和NO的合成而使T-AOC代偿性增加;高剂量氟可能使活性氧增加,诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)开始异常表达而使NO合成增加.     

氟和砷联合染毒对大鼠在新环境中探究行为的影响及机制

目的 探讨氟、砷单独及其联合染毒对大鼠在新环境中的探究行为的影响及机制.方法 将96只健康初断乳SPF级SD大鼠随机分为对照(蒸馏水)组和NaF(120 mg/L)染毒组、亚砷酸钠(70 mg/L)染毒组及NaF(120 mg/L)+亚砷酸钠(70 mg/L)染毒组,每组24只,雌雄各半.采用饮水方式连续染毒3个月.采用旷场试验测试大鼠在新环境中的探究行为,检测大鼠血清和海马组织匀浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平和丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力.结果 NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠旷场试验总得分低于对照组、NaF和亚砷酸钠染毒组(P＜0.01).NaF、亚砷酸钠和NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组中央格停留时间均长于对照组(P＜0.01).与对照组比较,NaF、亚砷酸钠和NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠血清T-AOC水平及亚砷酸钠染毒组和NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组血清SOD、GSH-Px活力降低,MDA含量升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).与NaF染毒组比较,亚砷酸钠和NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠血清中T-AOC水平和GSH-Px活力降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).与对照组比较,NaF、亚砷酸钠和NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠海马组织匀浆中T-AOC水平均降低(P＜0.01).与亚砷酸钠染毒组比较,对照组、NaF染毒组和NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠海马组织匀浆中GSH-Px的活力均较高(P＜0.01).与NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组比较,NaF、亚砷酸钠染毒组和对照组大鼠海马组织匀浆中MDA含量均较低(P＜0.01).与对照组比较,NaF和NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠血清NO含量以及NaF、亚砷酸钠和NaF+亚砷酸钠染毒组大鼠血清中NOS活力及海马组织中NO含量、NOS活力均下降(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 氟、砷及其联合作用可损害大鼠在新环境中的探究行为,其机制可能与海马组织氧化损伤及NO含量和NOS活力降低有关.     

缺血预处理对胰腺移植受鼠小肠黏膜屏障的影响

目的:探讨缺血预处理对胰腺移植受鼠肠黏膜屏障的保护作用及其机制.方法:12只正常大鼠为对照组,糖尿病大鼠随机分为缺血-再灌注组(I/R组,n=12),供鼠缺血预处理组(DIPC组,n=12),受鼠双后肢缺血预处理组(RIPC组,n=12).I/R组、DIPC组和RIPC组大鼠均接受胰腺移植,再灌注后第5 d检测小肠黏膜通透性和吸收功能,检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、NO、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和淀粉酶活性,取受鼠回肠黏膜组织检测小肠黏膜湿重、微绒毛高度及宽度、丙二醛(MDA)含量及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,同时取肠系膜淋巴结、肝及脾组织进行细菌培养,观察细菌移位情况.结果:再灌注后DIPC组和RIPC组血清TNF-α含量、淀粉酶活性、MDA含量、MPO活性、小肠黏膜通透性、细菌移位率和小肠黏膜损伤程度,均低于I/R组;血清NO和SOD含量、小肠黏膜吸收功能均高于I/R组(P＜0.01).结论:供鼠和受鼠双后肢缺血预处理,均可保护大鼠胰腺移植受鼠小肠肠黏膜屏障功能,降低细菌移位率.     

鸡枞菌在大鼠高胆固醇血症中的抗氧化作用

目的观察云南野生鸡枞菌在高胆固醇血症大鼠中的抗氧化作用.方法雄性SD大鼠40只分设鸡枞菌高、低两个剂量组和高胆固醇模型组及正常对照组,前3个组给予高脂饲料喂养,并每日分组灌胃给6.25%、3.13%云南野生鸡枞菌匀浆液和蒸馏水10 ml/kg体重,连续30 d.分别测定血清总胆固醇(TC)及抗氧化指标.结果鸡枞菌高、低剂量组能显著降低高胆固醇血症大鼠血清中的MDA含量(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),提高SOD活力(P＜0.01).同时显著降低肝组织中MDA含量(P＜0.01).结论云南野生鸡枞菌对高胆固醇血症大鼠有明显的抗氧化作用.     

《浙江预防医学》2006年（第18卷）1-12期目次索引

专论2005年麻疹疫情评析吴霆周绍聪(1-1)论著浙江霍乱弧菌O139耐药状况及毒力基因研究朱水荣张政杨仕贵等(1-4)创伤弧菌攻击肝病大鼠后SOD、NO的变化及其意义郑巧敏周丽萍应斌宇等(1-6)血清铁蛋白与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度及预后的关系朱劲草徐耕傅国胜等(1-8)儿童体外循环围     

2型糖尿病血清超氧化物歧化酶及-氧化氮测定的临床意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及一氧化氮(NO)的关系.方法采用对照研究测定89例2型糖尿病病人和¨2例正常对照组空腹后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和一氧化氮(NO).结果2型糖尿病患者组的血清SOD 86.7±9.6(NU/m1),NO 79.3±24.5(NU/ml),正常对照组SOD 112±11.69NU/m1),NO 62±19.69(NU/ml),两组比较,P值均＜0.05.结论2型糖尿病患者组血清SOD明显低于对照组,而NO含量明显高于对照组.2型糖尿病患者NO含量升高可能与微血管病理变化有关,而SOD活性下降,加上高血糖状态造成糖尿病人各组织损伤,成为糖尿病各种并发症的重要基础.临床检测SOD或NO有助于了解2型糖尿病病理生理变化情况,从而辅助治疗,改善预后.     

熊果酸对矽肺大鼠的早期抗氧化作用

[目的]观察熊果酸(ursolic acid)对矽肺大鼠早期抗氧化作用. [方法]将60只SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组及熊果酸低、中、高剂量组、溶剂对照组,每组10只.除对照组外,其余各组大鼠采用非暴露法气管内一次性注入二氧化硅(SiO2)悬液(250mg/kg)复制动物矽肺模型.熊果酸低、中、高剂量组自注射SiO2后每天灌胃熊果酸10、20、40 mg/kg,溶剂对照组每天灌胃0.6％羧甲基纤维素钠溶液(10mL/kg),对照组灌胃生理盐水(10 mL/kg),连续56d.检测28d各组大鼠肺脏器系数变化,检测大鼠血清一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量,及肺组织核转录因子κB(NF-κB)蛋白表达情况. [结果]模型组和溶剂对照组大鼠肺脏器系数、血清NO、MDA含量、NF-κB蛋白表达高于对照组,而SOD、GSH-Px含量低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与模型组和溶剂对照组比较,熊果酸各剂量组大鼠肺脏器系数、血清NO、MDA含量、NF-κB蛋白表达降低;SOD、GSH-Px含量升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),以上变化均与熊果酸呈现剂量依赖效应. [结论]熊果酸通过纠正氧化抗氧化系统失衡,抑制NF-κB的活化而减缓矽肺纤维化的发生.     

小剂量乙酰半胱氨酸对慢性肝损伤大鼠的治疗作用

目的 研究小剂量乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致大鼠慢性肝损伤的治疗作用.方法 93只SD大鼠随机分成2组,正常对照组15只和模型组78只.自造模之日开始,模型组大鼠皮下注射25％CCl4橄榄油溶液1 mL/kg,正常组大鼠注射同剂量橄榄油溶液,每周3次,连续4周.4周末,模型组随机取3只进行病理切片检查,观察肝损伤严重程度.将造模成功的大鼠随机分成5组,每组15只,分别为小剂量NAC 45、90、180 mg/kg组、阳性对照组和模型组.阳性对照组给予还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)54 mg/kg,正常对照组和模型组给予同容积灭菌生理盐水,腹腔注射每日1次,连续4周,末次给药后24 h,麻醉大鼠,腹主动脉取血,检测血清ALT、AST、白蛋白(ALB)、ALP和TBil,取肝脏称重,取部分检测肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、SH含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,剩余肝脏用10％福尔马林固定,切片观察肝脏组织病理变化.结果 各组间ALT、AST、ALP、ALB和TBil差异均有统计学意义(F=16.878、9.996、6.099、5.002、11.157,P＜0.01).模型组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP和TBil分别为(112.00±19.05) U/L、(150.67±18.15) U/L、(272.75±34.26) U/L和(1.98±0.10) μmol/L,均高于对照组(t=26.912,P＜0.01;t=15.571,P＜0.01;t=8.238,P＜0.05;t=14.367,P＜0.01).各组间肝组织SOD、MDA、GSH和Hyp差异均有统计学意义(F=3.251,P＜0.05;F=3.232,P＜0.05;F=5.210,P＜0.01;F=41.131,P＜0.01).模型组肝脏MDA和Hyp分别为(0.99 ±0.22) nmol/mgprot和(504.02±84.51) μg/g,高于对照组(t=8.229和69.853,P＜0.01).小剂量NAC低、中剂量组GSH、Hyp和SOD均高于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).高剂量组GSH为(1.53±0.76) μmol/gprot,高于模型组;Hyp为(131.53±44.85) μg/g,低于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.023,P＜0.05;t=58.532,P＜0.01).HE染色结果表明所有NAC剂量组其肝脏病变程度均较模型组明显减轻.结论 小剂量NAC对CCl4诱导大鼠慢性肝损伤具有明显的治疗作用.     

亚慢性染毒2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)对大鼠血清中氧化应激指标的影响

目的 研究2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二(噁)英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)对大鼠血清中氧化应激指标的影响.方法 清洁级Wistar雄性大鼠32只,体重(100±10)g,随机分成4组,连续经口染毒TCDD 90 d,剂量分别为2.5、25、250 ng/kg,对照组给予二甲基亚砜(DMSO),测定SOD、CuZn-SOD、Mn-SOD、GSH-Px、GST活性及MDA的含量.结果 TCDD染毒90 d后,与对照组相比,各染毒组雄性大鼠血清中MDA含量明显增高(P＜0.05);各染毒组总SOD、CuZn-SOD、MnSOD、GSH-Px活力均有所下降,其中除CuZn-SOD外,与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).同时各染毒组GST活力显著增加,且各组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 亚慢性染毒引起MDA含量增加,大鼠血清中抗氧化指标出现异常改变,提示体内出现氧化与抗氧化系统失衡.     

有性才会有健康

性是基本的人权。根据我国著名的性学家史成礼教授的研究,性有“三大功能”:生育功能、享乐功能和健康功能。     

Communicating with people with dementia

It can be very difficult to communicate with people with dementia. Each case requires its own unique handling. Not every scenario is covered, as many times your own judgment is what will work, best according to the circumstances. These can change from dawn to evening and from day to day. Never assume things will be the way they were the last time you communicated. Be on your guard. Be adaptable. The article will help get you started to think of your own ways to communicate.     

Coping with Children with ADHD: Coping Styles of Mothers with Children with ADHD or Challenging Behaviours

Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can experience significant levels of stress in their parenting roles, however, little is known about the specific coping strategies used by these parents. This pilot study Investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD. A 34 item questionnaire was developed to identify maternal coping strategies. A cohort of 38 mothers of children with ADHD and a control group of 30 mothers of children without ADHD or any other disability/illness completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses produced three factors: Aggressive/Confrontive Coping, Rational Coping, and Indirect Coping. These factors are similar to coping dimensions proposed by Folkman and Lazarus. Comparisons between the two groups of mothers revealed that mothers of children with ADHD used significantly more Indirect Coping.     

经方汗证治验

临床上汗证病情复杂,分自汗、盗汗、黄汗和但头汗出,治疗汗证方药诸多,有益气固表、养阴清热和清热除湿等方法,疗效不一。受恩师刘健主任教导和《伤寒论》《金匮要略》病脉证并治启发,以脉证并治、方证对应思想,浅谈桂枝加附子汤、黄芪芍药苦酒汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤和三物黄芩汤治疗汗证的经验,为经方治疗汗证提供新思路。     

Working with patients with physical disabilities

Medical practices need to make a number of adaptations to ensure that their facilities and staff are accessible to patients and other office visitors with physical disabilities. This article describes 10 specific strategies for preparing your medical practice for patients with disabilities, both inside and outside your office. It describes minimum standards for office doorways, sidewalk inclines, ramps, reception areas, and other adaptations medical offices need to make. The article also describes specific do and don't advice for communicating with patients with physical disabilities. It suggests strategies for preparing written materials for disabled patients, for communicating verbally, and for providing healthcare education. Finally, it suggests an appropriate role for medical practice staff in the delivery of healthcare services to patients with physical disabilities.     

Problems with measuring satisfaction with social care

The measurement of customer satisfaction has become widespread in both healthcare and social care services, and is informative for performance monitoring and service development. Satisfaction with social care services is routinely measured with a single question on overall satisfaction with care, comprising part of the Adult Social Care Survey. The measurement of satisfaction has been problematised, and existing satisfaction measures are known to be under‐theorised. In this article, the process of making an evaluation of satisfaction with social care services is first informed by a literature review of the theoretical background, and second examined through qualitative interviews conducted in 2012–2013 with 82 service users and family carers in Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton. Participants in this study were from white British and South Asian backgrounds, and the influence of ethnicity in the process of satisfaction evaluation is discussed. The findings show that the majority of participants selected a positive satisfaction rating even though both positive and negative experiences with services were described in their narratives. It is recommended that surveys provide opportunity for service users and family carers to elaborate on their satisfaction ratings. This addition will provide more scope for services to review their strengths and weaknesses.     

Qualitative research with people with intellectual disability

Qualitative research methods are gaining popularity in disability research, in particular as a way to explore the personal experience of disability. However, using these methods can be problematic with people traditionally regarded as vulnerable in the research relationship. People with intellectual disability are often so regarded. This paper discusses ethical concerns and issues of research credibility in qualitative research with this group of disabled people. An ethnographic study about the parenting experience of parents with intellectual disability is used to illustrate strategies to achieve credibility in qualitative studies in intellectual disability research.