CT与MRI融合技术在脑动静脉畸形三维适形放射治疗中的应用

目的：探讨CT与MRI融合技术在脑动静脉畸形三维适形放射治疗中的应用价值。方法：选择脑动静脉畸形42例，术前均先行颅脑MRI薄层扫描及CT定位扫描，然后将CT和MRI图像资料进行图像配准和融合，根据融合后图像进行准确定位后再行三维适形放射治疗。结果：所有病变位置与范围在图像融合后均能显示清楚，经检测，所有融合图像的最大误差均〈1mm，全部病例均在融合图像协助下顺利完成治疗，未出现因定位失误而引发的并发症。结论：CT和MRI图像融合技术能提高颅内病变三维适形放射治疗的效果。     

CT和MRI图像融合在颅内病变X刀治疗中的应用(附25例报告)

目的　探讨CT和MRI图像融合技术在颅内病变X刀治疗中的应用及其临床价值。方法　 2 5例病变中包括动静脉畸形 5例、海绵状血管瘤 4例、大脑半球胶质瘤术后残留或复发 3例、听神经瘤术后残留 3例、转移瘤 2例、垂体微腺瘤 2例、垂体腺瘤术后残留 2例、颅咽管瘤术后残留 1例、垂体柄肿瘤病变 1例、间脑胶质瘤 1例和中脑披盖肿瘤病变 1例。图像融合前均行颅脑MRI薄层扫描及常规X刀术前CT定位扫描 ,然后将CT和MRI图像资料传输至工作站上进行图像配准和融合。结果　所有病变在融合图像上均能显示清楚 ,2例转移瘤在融合图上显示出更多的病灶。所有融合图像上的软组织结构、颅骨结构及病灶轮廓均重叠一致 ,最大误差均 <1mm。结论　CT和MRI图像融合技术在X刀治疗中的应用 ,确保了CT定位的精确性 ,避免了病变的遗漏 ,必然会提高颅内病变定向放射治疗的效果 ,并明显降低了并发症的发生率     

基于体表定位的PET/CT/MRI"二机三维"图像融合的数字化对照

目的:尝试一种基于体表定位的二维图像配准方法,逐一实现PET、MRI和CT异机图像之间的精确三维融合.方法:输入PET/CT/MRI原始数据后采用数字化格式转换,设计"9点3面"立体定位法进行配准,在实时工作站Mimics按照信息交互自动融合模式,通过讯号叠加技术完成图像融合.结果:以肺癌患者的头、胸、膝为实例交叉试验CT+MRI、PET+MRI和PET+CT立体图像的异机融合,生成了分辨软、硬组织病变性质和位置的清晰互补影像.结论:这种先进的数字化融合算法对提高早期诊断和鉴别诊断具有临床意义,虽然异机融合工序目前尚未像PET+CT的同机融合那样完全成熟,但这一实验将为医学成像厂家进一步研制CT+MRI或PET+MRI同机融合设备提供经验借鉴.     

CT/MRI图像融合技术在颅底肿瘤检查中的应用价值

目的：探讨CT/MRI图像融合（image fusion）技术在颅底肿瘤检查中的应用价值。方法：搜集经MRI检出并均行高分辨率CT扫描的颅底肿瘤患者33例,将同一患者的CT、MRI图像融合。两名高年资放射科医师共同协商评价CT/MRI融合图像、MRI图像,评价的内容包括病变内部的密度或信号、病变的轮廓、病变与邻近血管的关系、病变与周围神经的关系、病变邻近骨质的破坏或硬化情况、病变周围软组织的改变,依据两种图像所能显示的病变信息等级评分,采用配对t检验分析比较的结果。结果：与单独MRI图像相比,CT/MRI融合图像在显示病变内部结构及其与周围血管、神经的关系方面无明显优势（P〉0.05）;而在病变的轮廓、邻近骨质的改变情况方面明显优于单独MRI图像（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：CT/MRI融合图像显示病变的综合信息明显优于单独的MRI图像,能够直观地为临床提供更加全面的信息。     

图像融合技术在颅底CT检查中的价值

目的:探讨图像融合技术在颅底CT检查中的价值。方法:对80例临床疑颅底病变患者进行常规CT扫描、薄层扫描以及在薄层扫描的基础上进行图像融合。结果:共检出阳性病例52例,其中常规CT扫描图像检出16例,薄层CT扫描图像检出48例,在薄层扫描基础上进行的图像融合图像检出52例。结论:颅底病变采用薄层扫描加图像融合为最佳检查方法。     

多模态图像自动配准融合技术联合手术机器人在面侧深区肿瘤诊疗中的应用

目的 探讨CT及MRI等多模态图像自动配准融合技术联合手术机器人在面侧深区肿瘤诊疗中的意义。资料与方法回顾性分析2019年8月—2021年8月解放军总医院第一医学中心收治的面侧深区肿瘤患者45例，术前行机器人辅助CT、MRI图像自动配准融合并计算配准误差，术中行机器人导航下穿刺活检术及肿瘤切除手术，术后行病理检查验证穿刺准确度。分析机器人自动配准融合技术引导下的穿刺准确度、穿刺并发症、配准融合误差等。结果 45例患者CT、MRI图像全部实现自动配准融合，基于互信息类方法评价融合误差绝对值为0.88±0.06。良、恶性肿瘤的不同部位肿瘤例数比较，差异无统计学意义(χ²=6.515,P>0.05)。机器人导航穿刺活检术取材45例，恶性肿瘤与良性肿瘤/病变分别为29例和16例；肿瘤切除手术取材37例，恶性肿瘤和良性肿瘤/病变分别为23例和14例；根据病理诊断，穿刺准确率为97.3%(36/37)。结论 基于多模态CT、MRI图像自动配准融合技术联合机器人导航系统可提高面侧深区肿瘤诊断的准确性，有助于向临床提供更合理的治疗选择。     

CT与MR图像融合技术在听神经瘤检查中的初步应用

听神经瘤(acoustic neurinoma)发病率较高~([1]).治疗前的准确定性诊断及病变范围的精确勾画对临床治疗非常重要,影像检查主要依赖CT或MRI,由于CT、MRI对骨质和钙化、软组织的分辨率各有优势,笔者拟将同一患者的CT、MR图像进行融合,探讨CT与MR图像融合技术在听神经瘤检查中的应用价值.     

肋骨疾病多种影像学检查价值分析

目的：对比探讨肋骨疾病多种．影像学检查价值。方法：101例患者。进行X线平片；CR图像；SCT胸部扫描并薄层重建，薄层横断及倾斜扫描，薄层图像二维多平面重建（MPR）和三维表面遮盖成像（SSD），最大密度投影（MIP）；MSCT扫描并薄层重建、MPR和三维容积（VR）及MIP成像。结果：CT扫描对肋骨疾病的诊断优于X线平片及CR图像，后者利于定位：CT可清晰显示轻微病变，但定位不准；MPR可作为横断图像的补充：三维重建可立体显示病变，利于整体观察及定位。结论：SCT、MSCT扫描及其薄层图像的二维、三维重建对肋骨病变诊断具有明显的优势。     

鼻咽癌放射治疗定位的CT/MRI图像配准辅助装置的研究

目的 研制用于鼻咽癌放射治疗定位的CT/MRI图像配准辅助装置,并且通过组织勾画差异分析使用该装置后所得配准融合图像在临床中的应用意义。方法 在普通的磁共振头颈线圈中设计特定形状的头枕,保持患者在扫描时与CT定位扫描时相同的体位。采用配对t检验分析CT图像与融合图像中腮腺、下颌骨的勾画差异。结果 患者的头颈部CT、MRI图像的配准精度较未使用该装置的图像具有明显的提高,使用该配准图像得到的融合图像、组织结构位置、细节显示准确清晰。左右腮腺体积在CT图像中较CT/MRI融合图像中偏小,左腮腺体积融合和CT图像中的体积分别为（17.78±6.89）cm³和（17.17±7.02）cm³（t=-2.715,P<0.05）;右腮腺体积融合和CT图像中的体积分别为（19.23±8.91）cm³和（17.47±7.42）cm³（t=-2.552,P<0.05）;下颌骨在CT图像中勾画体积较CT/MRI融合图像偏大,左下颌骨体积融合和CT图像中的体积分别为（33.7±5.59）cm³和（34.8±6.27）cm³（t=3.548,P<0.05）;右下颌骨体积融合和CT图像中的体积分别为（34.46±6.08）cm³和（35.38±6.72）cm³（t=3.14,P<0.05）。结论 使用该辅助装置,可以得到头颈部配准融合准确的CT/ MRI的图像,此融合图像对临床医师的组织和病灶勾画具有积极的参考价值。     

螺旋CT三维后重建技术在颌面骨折中的应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT容积再现技术(volume rendering technique,VRT)和多平面重建(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)在颌面骨折中的应用价值。方法:对90例颌面部骨折病例行螺旋CT薄层扫描,VRT及MPR重建,分析其病变显示率和空间显示效果。结果:90例颌面部外伤病例共有203处骨折,VRT图像显示骨折187处,不能显示骨折16处,漏诊率7.88%;MPR图像显示全部骨折,通过调节窗宽窗位显示副鼻窦腔和软组织病变。结论:螺旋CT薄层扫描及后处理技术在颌面外伤病例中可做为常规检查,VR与MPR相结合能提高诊断准确率,对于临床诊断和治疗具有实际应用价值。     

CT-MR image data fusion for computer assisted navigated neurosurgery of temporal bone tumors

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the value of multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative work up of temporal bone tumors and to present, especially, CT and MR image fusion for surgical planning and performance in computer assisted navigated neurosurgery of temporal bone tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with temporal bone tumors underwent MDCT and MRI. MDCT was performed in high-resolution bone window level setting in axial plane. The reconstructed MDCT slice thickness was 0.8 mm. MRI was performed in axial and coronal plane with T2-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences, un-enhanced and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequences, and coronal T1-weighted SE sequences with fat suppression and with 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo (GE) contrast-enhanced sequences in axial plane. The 3D T1-weighted GE sequence had a slice thickness of 1mm. Image data sets of CT and 3D T1-weighted GE sequences were merged utilizing a workstation to create CT-MR fusion images. MDCT and MR images were separately used to depict and characterize lesions. The fusion images were utilized for interventional planning and intraoperative image guidance. The intraoperative accuracy of the navigation unit was measured, defined as the deviation between the same landmark in the navigation image and the patient. RESULTS: Tumorous lesions of bone and soft tissue were well delineated and characterized by CT and MR images. The images played a crucial role in the differentiation of benign and malignant pathologies, which consisted of 13 benign and 2 malignant tumors. The CT-MR fusion images supported the surgeon in preoperative planning and improved surgical performance. The mean intraoperative accuracy of the navigation system was 1.25 mm. CONCLUSION: CT and MRI are essential in the preoperative work up of temporal bone tumors. CT-MR image data fusion presents an accurate tool for planning the correct surgical procedure and is a benefit for the operational results in computer assisted navigated neurosurgery of temporal bone tumors.     

24. The Fusion of Anatomic and Physiologic Tomographic Images to Enhance Accurate Interpretation

Purpose: Dedicated PET-(fluorine-18)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) studies were interpreted with the corresponding anatomic images (MR or CT) using image fusion display to improve spatial accuracy for the interpreter and the referring physician.Methods: The image-fusion display system was designed in-house and allows manual alignment and display of one image volume as an overlay on the other which has improved accurate correlation of physiological and anatomical information for more than 50 patient studies.Results: A case of a patient with left foot recurrent melanoma is presented for which the PET scan showed a large focus of activity just lateral to the urinary bladder. Image fusion confirmed that the PET focus corresponded to an abnormal lymph node on the follow-up CT scan. In a case of bladder carcinoma which included bladder augmentation, altered surgical anatomy rendered interpretation of the FDG-PET images difficult. The fusion with the patient's CT scan allowed evaluation of the altered physiology due to the altered surgical anatomy which permitted accurate image interpretation. In a case of pelvic lymphoma, the FDG-PET scan showed intense activity adjacent to the acetabulum and possibly within it. Image fusion allowed accurate localization of the patient's primary lesion with the additional benefit of showing activity extending into the adjacent bone.Conclusion: Image fusion of tomographic, anatomic and physiologic information permits accurate lesion localization including separation of soft tissue from bone. The image-fusion technique facilitates image-guided biopsy by providing accurate anatomic localization.     

Retrospective digital image fusion of multidetector CT and 18F-FDG PET: clinical value in pancreatic lesions--a prospective study with 104 patients.

Differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions still remains a problem. Whereas CT provides high spatial resolution, PET detects malignant lesions with high sensitivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefit of PET/CT image fusion in the diagnostic workup of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: One hundred four patients with suspected pancreatic lesion underwent triple-phase multidetector CT and (18)F-FDG PET scanning. Voxel-based retrospective registration and fusion of CT and PET were performed with recently developed software. CT, PET, and fused images were assessed by 2 radiologists with regard to the detection of malignancies, possible infiltration of adjacent tissue or lymph nodes, or distant metastases. RESULTS: Fusion of CT and PET images was technically successful in 96.2%. In 2 cases, paraaortic lymph node infiltration was detected only by image fusion; in a further 8 cases, lymph node metastases were confirmed with improved localization. In 5 patients, additional pancreatic tumors or distant metastases only suspected during PET scanning were confirmed. Image fusion improved the sensitivity of malignancy detection from 76.6% (CT) and 84.4% (PET) to 89.1% (image fusion). Compared with CT alone, image fusion increased the sensitivity of detecting tissue infiltration to 68.2%, but at the cost of decreased specificity. CONCLUSION: The most important supplementary finding supplied by image fusion is a more precise correlation with focal tracer hot spots in PET. Image fusion improved the sensitivity of differentiating between benign and malignant pancreatic lesions with no significant change in specificity. All image modalities failed to stage lymph node involvement.     

Registration of three-dimensional MR and CT studies of the cervical spine

A three-dimensional image registration technique for CT and MR studies of the cervical spine was evaluated for feasibility and efficacy. Registration by means of external fiducial markers was slightly more accurate than registration by anatomic landmarks. The interrelationships between bony (eg, neural foramina) and soft tissue structures (eg, nerve roots) in the cervical spine were more conspicuous on registered images than on conventional displays. Registration of CT and MR images may be used to examine more precisely the relationships between bony and soft tissue structures of the cervical spine.     

CT和MRI三维定位在神经导航立体定向系统中的应用

目的：为神经导航定位系统提供最精确的医学影像资料，提高神经外科手术的质量和成功率。材料和方法：结合医学影像的薄层扫描和三维重建技术，调整CT和MRI导航定位扫描中的各项参数。结果：确定了神经导航立体定向系统的CT和MRI定位扫描步骤及参数，为临床提供了精确的影像资料，共完成25例病例的手术治疗，效果满意。结论：精确的医学影像资料是神经导航定位系统准确性的重要保证。     

CT、MR图像融合技术临床应用研究

目的 利用医学图像融合技术为临床提供新的诊断信息。方法 选取30例（男18例、女12例）颅脑病变患者为研究对象,其中20例在1－2周内分别进行了CT和MR检查,10例在CT确诊后,行MR复查;将此图像数据运用Legendre矩找出图像的质心和主轴,进而完成图像的平移、缩放和旋转,以实现CT和MR图像的融合。结果 在30例CT和MR图像融合中,使二者图像信息相互补充的有28例,较单纯地观察CT或MR图像能明确判断病变发展趋势的有19例,手术证实的4例,但有2例图像融合后无明显的优越性。结论 不同来源的多模态图像进行融合,可为临床医师明确诊断、设计手术、放疗方案提供有利信息。在融合算法上,利用Legendre矩完成运算不失为一种比较直接、快速、简洁的方法。     

多层螺旋CT扫描层厚、重建间隔和多平面重建图像质量相关性的实验研究

目的探讨Mx80004层螺旋CT机具有实用价值和理想的多平面重建(MPR)技术参数方法用Mx8000CT机对人结肠标本行6.5mm、5.0mm、3.2mm、2.0mm及1.0mm不同层厚扫描,分别进行2.0mm、1.0mm和0.5mm不同间隔重建,在工作站做肠腔纵切面的MPR(包括CPR)成像对各组MPR图像质量进行评分后作统计学对比分析结果在相同间隔重建的MPR图像中,以层厚越薄得分越高在相同层厚的MPR图像中,重建间隔越小,评分相对越高;0.5mm与1.0mm重建间隔间的图像质量相比无明显统计学差异1.0mm层厚的扫描范围太小,CT剂量指数(CTDI)明显高于其它扫描层厚;2.0mm层厚的扫描范围达88mm,且CTDI与剩余层厚者较接近结论Mx80004层螺旋CT机用2.0mm扫描层厚、1.0mm间隔重建,可获取满意质量的MPR图像,并具有实际操作意义     

Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional helical CT for soft tissue tumors in the extremities

Objective. To evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) helical computed tomography (CT) to image soft tissue tumors in the extremities. Design and patients. Forty-five consecutive patients with soft tissue tumors in the extremities were examined (mean age 46.2 years; 24 females, 21 males). Twenty-five patients had benign lesions and 20 had malignant lesions. All the patients underwent contrast-enhanced 3DCT scanning and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging preoperatively. All patients were surgically treated. Spiral CT scanning was performed with intravenous contrast enhancement. 3D reconstruction images were produced after thresholding, using Active-Windows (version 2.0, General Electric, Milwaukee, WI) software. 3DCT findings were compared in a masked fashion with the MR imaging and surgical findings regarding bone and major vessel invasion by the tumors. Results. Forty-four of 45 tumors were satisfactorily imaged for the interpretation of their size, location and relationship to the skeleton and major vessels. One malignant tumor was judged on 3DCT to invade the major vessel, but the vessel proved to be normal at surgery. Conclusions. Contrast-enhanced 3D helical CT can be used for the evaluation of soft tissue tumors in the extremities, for preoperative surgical planning. Received: 14 August 2000 Revision requested: 28 November 2000 Revision received: 29 December 2000 Accepted: 1 February 2001     

Phantom study of fusion image of CT and SPECT with body-contour generated from external Compton scatter sources

PURPOSE: A phantom study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of body contour definition with Compton scatter photons from external sources of technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m) to create a fusion image of CT and SPECT images. METHODS: External sources of 1 mCi (37 MBq) Tc-99m were placed on each collimator, and body-contour SPECT images were obtained with an energy window of 100 keV +/- 25% for detecting 90 degrees and 180 degrees Compton scatter photons of Tc-99m from the body surface in water-filled cylindrical and hexagonal phantoms, and in a chest phantom with a Tc-99m-avid simulated lung nodule and multimethod surface markers. In the chest phantom, each transaxial SPECT slices was registered with the corresponding CT slice by using image-matching soft ware. A summation of the registered images yielded a three-dimensional (3-D) fusion image of this phantom. RESULTS: This method clearly visualized the body contour on all the SPECT slices in all the phantoms except for the complex hexagonal phantom. There was no significant difference between the known and SPECT-measured diameters of the cylindrical phantom. The fit of CT and SPECT images of the chest phantom was achieved with a mean alignment error of 5% in visual inspection, which was improved to 0.2% after correction of the magnification of the SPECT images according to the resultant dimensional differences. The 3-D fusion image of this phantom effectively visualized the anatomic location of the lung nodule and surface markers. CONCLUSION: This simple method effectively provided boundary information on the cold phantoms. Although further improvements in the registration technique with CT images are desirable, the body-contour SPECT image obtained by this method has the potential for accurately creating a 3-D fusion image with CT images, and is a feasible way of anticipating the anatomical localization of a target tissue.