Bevacizumab as an adjunct to vitreoretinal surgery for diabetic retinopathy in East Africa

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for improving outcomes in vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy-related non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage and/or tractional retinal detachment.

Methods

Medical record from patients undergoing vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were retrospectively analysed (2003–2011). From 2007, IVB (1.25 mg 2–4 days before operating) was used on all eyes. Eyes receiving IVB were compared with those that did not receive IVB. Intraoperative complications, reoperation rates, and final visual acuity were the core outcome measures.

Results

Data were analysed for 88 patients (101 eyes). In all, 41 (41%) patients had received IVB, whereas 60 (59%) patients had not. Significant intraoperative haemorrhage occurred in six eyes (10%) in the non-IVB group and in one (2.4%) IVB eyes (P=0.24). Silicon oil was used in 29 (48%) non-IVB eyes and in 11 (27%) IVB eyes (P=0.03). The non-IVB eyes underwent significantly more vitreoretinal reoperations (P=0.01) and were significantly more likely to lose two or more lines of vision at the final follow-up (P=0.03). The numbers needed to treat (NNT) blindness (<3/60) was four for non-IVB eyes and two for the IVB group.

Conclusions

IVB reduces surgical complications, the use of silicon oil, and the need for further retinal surgery. The NNT to restore useful vision (≥3/60) to a blind eye were significantly lower in the IVB group. Vitreoretinal surgery for the complications of PDR is effective in an East African context, and IVB should be considered a valuable adjunct.     

玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗对增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变手术的影响

目的：评价增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变( proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者行玻璃体切除术前玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗对手术的影响。
　　方法：回顾性病例分析。共计纳入2013-04/2014-08在北京协和医院眼科诊治的PDR患者52例52眼。试验组23眼在玻璃体切除术前6~14 d行雷珠单抗玻璃体腔注药0.5mg,对照组29眼单纯行玻璃体切除手术。对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血、医源性破孔、手术填充物类型、再次手术率,以及术前、术后、末次随访时的视力情况等。结果：手术时间：试验组70.52±26.18min,对照组99.45±27.75min,两组比较差异有显著统计学意义( t=-3.827,P=0.000);手术中出血：试验组5眼(21.7%),对照组19眼(65.5%),两组比较差异有显著统计学意义(χ2=9.892,P=0.002);术中医源性破孔：试验组3眼(13.0%),对照组15眼(51.7%),两组比较差异有显著统计学意义(χ2=8.479,P=0.004)。术中硅油填充：试验组8眼(34.8%),对照组19眼(65.5%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.854,P=0.028)。玻璃体腔注射后未发生相关并发症。两组术前视力、术后视力比较差异无统计学意义( t=-1.659,-0 .084;P=0 .103,0.933);两组末次随诊视力比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.662,P=0.010)。末次随诊视力≥0.1,试验组20眼(86.9%),对照组16眼(55.2%)。
　　结论：玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗辅助PDR玻璃体手术可以易化手术操作,退化新生血管,减少术中出血和医源性破孔的发生率,并且大大缩短手术时间,最终达到提高患者视力的目的。     

Visual and anatomical outcomes following vitrectomy for complications of diabetic retinopathy: the DRIVE UK study

Introduction

End-stage diabetic eye disease is an important cause of severe visual impairment in the working-age group. With the increasing availability of refined surgical techniques as well as the early diagnosis of disease because of screening, one would predict that the prevalence of this condition is decreasing and the visual outcome is improving.

Aim

To study the prevalence and visual outcome following vitrectomy for complications of diabetic retinopathy.

Materials and methods

This study identified the patients who underwent vitrectomy from January 2007 to December 2009 because of diabetes-related complications in South East London. Data collected included baseline demographics, best-corrected visual acuity, indication for the vitrectomy, complication, outcome, and duration of follow-up.

Results

The prevalence of people requiring vitrectomy who are registered in the diabetes register of this region was 2 per 1000 people with diabetes. Vitrectomy was required in 185 eyes of 158 patients during this period. These included 83 Caucasians, 51 Afro-Caribbeans, 17 South Asians, and 7 from other ethnic groups. There were 58 patients with type I diabetes and 100 with type II, with a mean duration of diabetes of 23 and 16.5 years, respectively. The reason for vitrectomy included tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in 109 eyes, non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage (NCVH) in 68 eyes, and other causes in 8 eyes. In all, 50% of the eyes with TRD and NCVH, and 87% of the eyes with NCVH improved by at least three ETDRS lines at 12 months. Poor predictors of visual success included longer duration of diabetes (OR: 0.69), use of insulin (OR: 0.04), presence of ischaemic heart disease (OR: 0.04), delay in surgery (OR: 0.59), and the failure to attend clinic appointments (OR: 0.58). Preoperative use of intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes with TRD undergoing vitrectomy showed a marginal beneficial effect on co-existent maculopathy (P=0.08) and required less laser intervention post procedure, but did not affect the number of episodes of late-onset vitreous haemorrhage post vitrectomy (P=0.81).

Conclusion

Visual outcome has improved significantly in eyes with complications due to diabetic retinopathy compared with the previously reported Diabetic Vitrectomy Study.     

Changes in axial length after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with choroidal detachment

AIM: To report the postoperative axial length (AL) changes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with choroidal detachment (RRD-CD) patients. METHODS: The medical records of 97 consecutive patients from January 2015 to December 2018 were reviewed. Patients included were divided into RRD-CD and RRD only groups. All patients had received AL measurements before pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and before silicone oil removal (SOR). The changes in AL of the two groups were compared. In addition, the potential factors related to AL changes were analyzed. RESULTS: AL elongation after PPV was 1.01 mm [interquartile range (IQR): 0.37, 1.79; P=0.02] in the RRD-CD group, which was greater than in RRD only group (0.15 mm, IQR: 0.04, 0.41; P<0.001). AL increased 0.06 mm per 1 mm Hg intraocular pressure changes in the RRD-CD group (R2=0.11, P=0.03). RRD-CD patient was 11.42 times (3.54-46.80) more likely to experience post-PPV AL elongation of more than 1 mm [P<0.001, Akaike information criterion (AIC)=92.33, area under the curve (AUC)=0.839]. CONCLUSION: RRD-CD patients are very likely to have a postoperative elongation of AL. The primary intraoclular lens implantation using presurgery AL data may cause a significant refractive error in RRD-CD patients who underwent PPV.     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage and prognosis of pars plana vitrectomy

AIM:To describe the clinical characters of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SSCH). To evaluate optimal timing and prognosis of pars plana vitrectomy.METHODS: A retrospective review of 6 cases (6 eyes) of RRD and massive SSCH among 3772 cases of RRD was conducted. All of 6 patients were treated with twenty-gauge vitrectomy, suprachoroidal blood drainage, phacoemulsification (PHACO) or lensectomy and silicon oil tamponade. The clinical characters, intraoperative findings and treatment outcomes were reported.RESULTS: In the 6 affected eyes of 6 patients (3 men and 3 women; mean age, 53.83y; range 34-61y), preoperative visual acuity ranged from faint light perception (LP) to counting finger (CF). The average interventional duration from visual decreased to surgery was 12.8 d (range 9-15d). All eyes were associated with high myopia and the mean ocular length was 30.32 mm (range 28.14-32.32 mm). Choroidal hemorrhage were successfully drained in the operation of all 6 eyes. Intraoperative findings showed there were multiple retinal breaks in all 6 eyes and in 4 eyes breaks were along supratemporal and/or infratemporal retinal vascular arcade, especially in the edge of chorioretinal atrophy areas. These patients were followed up from 6 to 34mo (Mean, 23.5mo). The best-corrected visual acuity after surgery varied from CF to 20/100, with improvement in 5 eyes (83.33%) and no change in 1 eye (16.67%). Ocular hypertension ocurred in 1 eye (16.67%), which was successfully treated by silicon oil removal combined with trabeculectomy. In 4 eyes, tractional retinal detachment caused by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) appeared and a secondary surgery of pre-retinal membrane peeling and silicon oil retained were performed. In 4 eyes, silicon oil cannot be removed. The initial and final reattachment rates were 33.33% and 66.67%, respectively.CONCLUSION: RRD associated with massive SSCH is an extremely rare event. The most common risk factor is long axial length. Vitrectomy and choroidal blood drainage can effectively remove suprachoroidal hemorrhage and promote retinal reattachment in these eyes. However, silicon oil could not be removed in most eyes and final visual acuities are generally poor.     

Reducing the incidence of early postoperative vitreous haemorrhage by preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab in vitrectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 635–640

Abstract.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative intravitreal injection of bevacizumab reduces early postoperative vitreous haemorrhage (VH) in vitrectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of a consecutive, interventional case series. This included 29 eyes (27 patients) in the bevacizumab group and 40 eyes (37 patients) in the non‐bevacizumab group. For statistical analysis, each patient was assigned to one of four groups according to the haemostatic modalities used (group 1, none; group 2, only long‐acting gas; group 3, only preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab; group 4, both long‐acting gas and preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab). The primary outcome measure was the incidence of early postoperative VH. The secondary outcome measure was visual acuity (VA) at 1 month. Results: The incidence of early postoperative VH was highest in group 1 (63%), followed by group 2 (21%), group 3 (20%) and group 4 (5%). Group 3 showed the best visual recovery in the first month. All eyes in group 3 reached VA ≥ 1/100 at 1 month after the operation, compared with 44%, 29% and 42% in groups 1, 2 and 4, respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative intravitreal injection of bevacizumab may be useful for reducing early postoperative VH in vitrectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment. Eyes receiving preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab without the use of long‐acting gas achieved the best visual recovery at 1 month after the operation.     

玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离的玻璃体切割手术疗效观察

目的:探讨玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离采用玻璃体切割手术治疗的疗效及必要性。 方法:对28例28眼玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离患者采用玻璃体切割手术治疗,观察治疗前后视力改变,并分析玻璃体积血与视网膜裂孔或脱离的关系。 结果:不同原因所导致的玻璃体积血28例中,7例术前B超未发现视网膜脱离,而在术中发现3例裂孔,4例伴裂孔周围浅脱;28例患者术后视力（包括术后随访最佳视力）均有不同程度的提高,数指/眼前以上者27例(96%),≥0.05者20例(71%),≥0.3者5例(18%),手术前后视力比较,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。 结论:玻璃体积血合并视网膜裂孔或脱离采用玻璃体切割手术治疗,安全有效,且能尽早发现视网膜裂孔及浅脱离,阻止视网膜脱离进一步扩大。     

Outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for cytomegalovirus retinitis-related retinal detachment

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of 25-gauge (G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods:Single-center retrospective consecutive case series of patients who underwent 25-G PPV for CMVR-related RRD repair with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Complete anatomic success was defined as the complete attachment of retina including the periphery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≥20/400 was defined as functional success.Results:Sixteen eyes of 15 patients were included in the study. Eleven patients were human immunodeficiency virus positive, three patients had hematological malignancies, and one patient suffered from dyskeratosis congenita. The mean follow-up was 20.5 ± 17.4 months (range 3–60 months). Complete anatomical success was seen in 15 eyes (93.75%). One eye had a residual inferior detachment with attached macula. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in 15 eyes and C₃F₈ gas in one eye. The mean change in BCVA was statistically significant, preoperative LogMAR BCVA was 2.05 ± 0.94 while the final follow-up postoperative LogMAR BCVA was 1.03 ± 0.61 (P < 0.001). Thirteen eyes (81.25%) had final BCVA ≥20/400.Conclusion:Microincision vitrectomy surgery can achieve excellent retinal reattachment rates in post-CMVR RRDs without significant intraoperative and postoperative complications. The visual outcome varies depending on the status of the optic disc and macula. Majority of the patients maintained functional vision.     

Epiretinal membrane following pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair

AIM: To determine the rate and possible contributors for post-pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) epiretinal membrane (ERM) in patients treated for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: This prospective, nonrandomized study comprised 47 consecutive patients (47 eyes) with acute RRD treated with 23 G post-PPV. All participants were followed prospectively for 6mo for the development of ERM using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Preoperative and intraoperative data were collected by questionnaires to surgeons. Main outcome measure was the percentage of the ERM formation following post-PPV for RRD. RESULTS: ERM developed postoperatively in 23 eyes (48.9%), none necessitated surgical removal. There was a statistically significant difference between patients with and without ERM postoperatively in preoperative best corrected visual acuity (median logMAR 1.9 vs 0.3, respectively; P=0.003) rate of macula-off (69.6% vs 37.5%, respectively, P=0.028), and rate of ≥5 cryo-applications (55.6% and 18.8%, respectively, P=0.039). ERM developed mainly between the 1st and 3rd months of follow-up. Macula-off status increased the risk of ERM, with the odds ratio of 3.81 (P=0.031). CONCLUSION: ERM is a frequent post RRD finding, and its development is associated with macula-off RRD.     

3D手术视频系统在PDR合并牵拉性视网膜脱离手术中的应用

目的：评价3D手术视频系统在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)合并牵拉性视网膜脱离(TRD)玻璃体切除术中的应用效果。

方法：回顾性分析2018-08/2019-03于我院行25G微创玻璃体切除术的PDR合并局部TRD(无牵拉性视网膜裂孔)患者32例38眼的临床资料,根据术中采用的观察系统进行分组,试验组16例19眼采用3D手术视频系统手术,对照组16例19眼采用传统显微镜手术。记录两组患者手术时间、术中医源性视网膜裂孔和硅油注入情况。术后至少随访6mo,观察最佳矫正视力及术后并发症发生情况。

结果：试验组术中发生医源性视网膜裂孔1眼,硅油注入1眼; 术后视网膜均完全复位; 术后1d玻璃体出血4眼,2～4wk后自行吸收; 术后2wk内发生高眼压6眼,药物治疗均能控制; 术后6wk后玻璃体再出血2眼; 术后6mo最佳矫正视力0.3以上者15眼。对照组术中发生医源性视网膜裂孔4眼,硅油注入5眼; 术后视网膜均完全复位; 术后1d玻璃体出血6眼,2～4wk后自行吸收; 术后2wk内发生高眼压5眼,药物治疗均能控制; 术后6wk后玻璃体再出血3眼; 术后6mo最佳矫正视力0.3以上者14眼。所有患者手术均顺利完成,均无眼内炎等严重并发症发生,但试验组手术时间明显短于对照组(37.3±4.8min vs 41.2±5.1min,P=0.020)。

结论：3D手术视频系统在PDR合并TRD玻璃体切除术中的应用能够缩短手术时间,提高手术效率。     

孔源性视网膜脱离玻切术前超声生物显微镜检查结果分析

目的：分析因孔源性视网膜脱离需行玻璃体切除手术的患者术前超声生物显微镜( UBM )的检查结果,探讨术前超声生物显微镜检查的临床应用价值。
　　方法：选取我院2014-01/12因孔源性视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除手术的患者,记录其术前UBM检查的结果,并对阳性结果进行分析,探讨术前应用UBM检查的价值。
　　结果：接受玻璃体切除手术的孔源性视网膜脱离患者共356例357眼。术前均进行了 UBM 检查,其中122眼(34.17%)有阳性发现,56眼有睫状体脉络膜脱离,28眼有房角狭窄,6眼房角关闭,28眼发现有睫状体囊肿,4眼发现有虹膜囊肿,11眼发现有前部增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变,1眼发现有视网膜囊肿,其中12眼同时存在两种病变。本研究中 UBM 发现脉络膜脱离者56眼,阳性率15.7%;术前眼B超检查发现脉络膜脱离者25眼,阳性率7.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.382,P<0.05)。
　　结论：对于患孔源性视网膜脱离,因病情需行玻璃体切除术的患者,术前检查UBM能够全面了解前房角、睫状体和前部脉络膜视网膜的情况,对全面了解患者术前情况,估计手术难度,指导术中操作及术后随访有重要意义。     

Outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with encircling scleral band for acute retinal necrosis-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomic and functional outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (25G PPV) with encircling scleral band (ESB) in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN)-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods:Single-center retrospective interventional case series of patients who underwent 25G PPV with ESB for ARN-related RRD. Complete anatomic success was defined as the complete attachment of retina after primary PPV. Functional success was measured by the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥20/400. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also noted.Results:14 eyes of 13 patients were included in the study. Six patients (46.1%) were immunocompromised. The mean follow-up was 23.64 ± 9.95 (range 6-42) months. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in 13 eyes and C₃F₈ gas in one eye. After the primary PPV, complete anatomical success was seen in all eyes (100%), however, one eye developed phthisis bulbi after silicone oil removal (SOR). Statistically significant improvement of BCVA was seen, from LogMAR 2.03 ± 0.29 preoperatively to LogMAR 1.57 ± 0.63 postoperatively (p-value 0.014). Six eyes (42.9%) had functional success. Nine eyes (64.3%) had improvement in vision while 4 eyes (28.6%) maintained preoperative vision. 10 eyes (71.4%) underwent cataract surgery, nine eyes (64.3%) underwent SOR while 2 eyes (14.3%) had epiretinal membrane (ERM) under oil during follow-up.Conclusion:25G PPV combines the advantages of minimally invasive vitrectomy surgery while offering improved anatomic outcomes in patients with ARN-related RRD. The functional outcome varies depending on the status of the optic disc and macula.     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除术前不同时期注射贝伐单抗的临床观察

目的:通过对增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)玻璃体切除术前不同时期注射Avastin(Bevacizumab,贝伐单抗)的临床观察,探讨术前最佳注射时间。方法:对2010-03/2012-08在我院确诊为PDRⅣ期及以上的患者49例51眼作前瞻性临床对照研究,按随机、双盲的原则分为三组:第1组16例17眼,Avastin注射后4d行玻璃体切除术;第2组15例16眼,Avastin注射后10d行玻璃体切除术;第3组18例18眼为对照组,玻璃体切除术前未注射Avastin。详细记录术中手术时间、断膜出血、发生医源性视网膜裂孔、硅油使用及术后6mo视力情况。结果:第1组(术前4d联合注药组)及第2组(术前10d联合注药组)与第3组(单纯玻切手术组)相比较,第1组及第2组术中手术时间明显缩短,术中断膜出血率、发生医源性视网膜裂孔率及硅油使用率明显低于第3组,且术后视力明显优于第3组。第1组与第2组相比在手术时间、术中断膜出血率、发生医源性视网膜裂孔率及硅油使用率及术后视力方面无明显统计学差异。结论:PDR玻璃体切除术前注射Avastin有助于提高术中耐受性,且最大限度恢复患者有限视力;PDR玻璃体切除术前注射Avastin,较理想的注射时间为术前4d。     

Air tamponade and without heavy liquid usage in pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair

AIM: To report the results of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without operative use of heavy liquid, and utilizing air tamponade in selected cases. METHODS: RRD patients without severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy C2 or more underwent PPV without operative use of heavy liquid, and utilizing air tamponade were consecutively enrolled. Alternative postoperative facedown position or lateral position was required for 3-5d. RESULTS: Totally 36 eyes of 36 patients (24 males, 66.7%) aged 53.8±10.9y underwent this modified surgery. The mean number of retinal break was 2.1±1.3. Most of the eyes (29, 80.6%) had retinal detachment involving more than one quadrant. Twenty-two (61.1%) eyes with cataract had combined phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The mean follow up time was 4.6±1.8mo. Two eyes with retinal redetachment underwent a second retinal repair surgery with silicone oil tamponade, yielding the primary reattachment rate to 94.4% (34/36). Six (16.7%) eyes had intraocular pressure higher than 25 mm Hg. The visual acuity (logMAR) improved from 0.98±0.74 preoperatively to 0.52±0.31 postoperatively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The success rate of this modified retinal repair surgery is comparable with traditional surgery. This technique can be considered for certain retinal detachment patients, since its apparent advantages included lower surgical complications, reduced surgery expenditure, shorter time for postoperative facedown position, and avoiding silicone oil removal surgery.     

The incidence and the risk factors for iatrogenic retinal breaks during pars plana vitrectomy

Purpose

To establish the frequency and the risk factors for iatrogenic retinal breaks during three-port pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods

A total of 2471 PPV operations were included in the study. The study period was between 2001 and 2010, all the data were entered in an electronic patient record database. All 270 consecutive eyes of 270 patients developing iatrogenic retinal breaks during primary PPV were matched to 270 controls. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to establish the risk factors.

Results

The median age of the patients with iatrogenic breaks was 60.06 years; male to female ratio was 140/130. The overall frequency of iatrogenic retinal breaks was 10.09%. The frequency of iatrogenic retinal breaks for eyes undergoing PPV for tractional retinal detachment (TRD) was 32.45%. The lens status was phakic in 79.6% of the eyes, with iatrogenic breaks compared with 34.4% of the eyes in control group (P<0.001). Posterior vitreous was attached in 58.9% of the eyes with iatrogenic breaks compared with 50.4% of the eyes in control group (P=0.04). Internal limiting, epiretinal, proliferative, or fibrovascular membrane removing manoeuvers were performed in 71.1% of the eyes with iatrogenic breaks compared with 61.9% of the eyes in control group (P=0.052).

Conclusion

Eyes undergoing PPV for TRD had significantly higher frequency of iatrogenic retinal breaks compared with other subgroups (P=0.0001). Phakia and absence of PVD were found to be risk factors for iatrogenic retinal breaks.     

Avastin as an adjunct to vitrectomy in the management of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a prospective case series

Purpose:  Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a monoclonal antibody which targets all isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Its potent anti-angiogenic effects have been shown to cause regression of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Avastin as an adjunct to vitrectomy in the management of severe diabetic eye disease.
Methods:  Sixteen patients (18 eyes) with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy were recruited into the study. All eyes underwent a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg in 0.05 mL prior to vitrectomy surgery for the management of tractional retinal detachment or vitreous haemorrhage due to severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Results:  At 3 months, seven eyes had visual acuities which were better than baseline, four were unchanged and seven were worse. At 6 months, 14 eyes had visual acuities better than baseline, one was unchanged and three were worse. Seven of the 18 eyes (38.8%) had postoperative rebleeds, six of which required surgical washout.
Conclusion:  Avastin improved the ease of the surgery in these complex eyes and the early results are encouraging. We have found it to be particularly useful in diabetic eyes with traction detachments of short duration in which there is still active neovascularization.     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离术前玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德的临床疗效

目的:探讨术前玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德对微创玻璃体切割术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床疗效.方法:选择我院2015-01/2016-06临床确诊的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者23例23眼,入院后先行玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德4~5 d后行23 G玻璃体切割和硅油填充术.观察手术前后视力、眼压情况,以及术后视网膜复位率和并发症情况.随诊6~9 mo.结果:曲安奈德注射后前房反应均减轻,眼压升高,由入院眼压4.02±1.47mmHg升高到术前13.69±4.68mmHg,术后升高到17.72±5.88mmHg,入院时眼压与术前和术后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).患者术后末次随访视力较术前均有所改善,视力术后≥0.3者9眼(39%),术后≥0.05者18眼(78%).术后1wk,1、3mo和末次随访矫正视力与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).视网膜复位情况:手术后2 wk有23眼(100%)全视网膜在位,一次视网膜解剖复位率87%,二次视网膜解剖复位率100%.术后1 mo时3眼出现下方视网膜局限性脱离,经二次手术巩膜外垫压后视网膜复位.无眼内出血、医源性视网膜裂孔、眼内感染、晶状体损伤等并发症.术后一过性高眼压7眼,均出现在术后12~14d,减少局部激素滴眼液使用和点用降眼压滴眼液后,眼压控制在正常范围.结论:术前玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德进行预手术处理,能够提高微创玻璃体切割术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的疗效,降低手术难度,提高视力,避免了全身使用激素的副作用.     

玻璃体切割术联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱落

目的：探究黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱落(macular hole retinal detachment,MHRD)患者应用玻璃体切割术(pars planavitrectomy,PPV)联合内界膜剥离术(internal limiting membrane peeling,ILMP)治疗的效果。

方法：选取我院在2013-12/2015-12期间收治的、符合纳入标准的MHRD患者78例83眼。根据患者是否应用PPV联合ILMP治疗,随机分为试验组(39例40眼)和对照组(39例43眼),对照组应用PPV治疗。观察两组治疗效果; 随访6mo后,比较两组患者视力改善情况以及手术前和手术后3、6mo的平均最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA); 并记录术后并发症发生情况。

结果：治疗效果：与对照组相比,试验组的视网膜复位率为92%(37/40),具有统计学差异(χ²=6.882,P=0.009); 视力改善情况：试验组的视力改善情况较对照组好,差异有统计学意义(χ²=14.216,P<0.001); 术后BCVA：试验组术后3、6mo的BCVA显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.119,P<0.001; t=10.573,P<0.001); 并发症：与对照组相比,试验组发生眼内压增高和视野缺损的情况较少,具有统计学差异(χ²=11.323,P=0.001; χ²=8.573, P=0.003); 晶状体混浊发生率无明显改变,但差异有统计学意义(χ²=1.835,P=0.176)。

结论：MHRD患者应用PPV联合ILMP术后恢复情况好,并发症发生率低,能更好地提高患者视网膜复位效果。