良性甲状腺肿瘤手术喉返神经损伤原因及预防

目的 探讨良性甲状腺肿瘤手术中喉返神经损伤的预防,以期降低手术后喉返神经损伤的发生率.方法 将480例手术前诊断为甲状腺良性肿块患者随机分为解刮喉返神经组(232例)与未解剖喉返神经组(248例),比较两组的喉返神经损伤发生率.结果 解剖喉返神经组神经暂时性损伤率是1.74%(4/232),永久性损伤率是0.86%(2/232),没有解剖喉返神经组暂时性损伤率6.45%(16/248),永久性的损伤率2.82%(7/248),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 良性甲状腺肿瘤手术中精细的解剖喉返神经并加以保护能减少喉返神经的损伤,建议行甲状腺大部切除术、腺叶切除术时应常规精细解剖喉返神经并加以保护.     

喉返神经解剖在全麻下甲状腺手术中的应用

目的探讨全麻下甲状腺手术中喉返神经(RLN)显露在预防喉返神经损伤中的作用。方法对手术治疗的甲状腺疾病患者389例进行回顾性分析,163例手术常规显露喉返神经,226例手术常规不显露喉返神经。结果显露喉返神经术式组喉返神经损伤2例(均为暂时性喉返神经损伤),占1.10%(2/182);不显露喉返神经术式者喉返神经损伤12例(暂时性喉返神经损伤7例,永久性喉返神经损伤5例),占5.30%(12/226)。两组之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全麻下甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经可以降低喉返神经损伤的发生率。     

显露喉返神经在甲状腺切除中的临床意义

目的探讨显露喉返神经在甲状腺手术中的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2007年4月至2009年10月本院827例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,根据术中是否显露喉返神经分为显露喉返神经组和非显露喉返神经组。结果显露喉返神经组475例,喉返神经损伤4例,损伤率0.84%;非显露喉返神经组352例,喉返神经损伤17例,损伤率4.83%。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甲状腺切除术中显露喉返神经对保护喉返神经是安全和有效的。     

显露喉返神经在甲状腺切除术中的临床意义

目的探讨甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经对防止喉返神经损伤的价值。方法回顾性分析2 481例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,其中术中显露喉返神经组1 425例和非显露喉返神经组1 056例,比较两组间并发喉返神经损伤的几率。结果显露喉返神经组喉返神经暂时性损伤31例,损伤率为2.18%,无永久损伤病例;非显露喉返神经组喉返神经损伤44例,损伤率为4.17%,其中暂时损伤39例,永久损伤为5例。两组喉返神经损伤率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论甲状腺手术术中显露喉返神经对保护喉返神经是安全和有效的,对预防或避免医源性喉返神经损伤有重要意义。     

喉返神经解剖在甲状腺手术中的应用研究

目的探讨解剖喉返神经在甲状腺手术中的应用。方法回顾分析因甲状腺疾病行手术治疗的236例患者的临床资料,共施行甲状腺手术335侧次;甲组101例行甲状腺手术158侧次,术中均未解剖喉返神经,其中57例行双侧甲状腺手术。乙组135例行甲状腺手术同时解剖喉返神经177侧次,其中42例因双侧甲状腺手术而行双侧喉返神经解剖。结果喉返神经损伤均发生在切除甲状腺范围包含背侧腺体时。甲组暂时性损伤2例,永久性损伤1例,损伤率为1.9%;乙组暂时性损伤1例,无永久性损伤病例,损伤率为0.56%;两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=0.382,P<0.01)。结论甲状腺手术中解剖喉返神经能减少喉返神经的损伤,切除背侧腺体时应常规解剖喉返神经。     

显露喉返神经的甲状腺手术574例

目的　探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经 (RLN )显露的方法和在预防喉返神经损伤中的作用。方法　近 5年来 ,我院对 5 74例 (10 10侧 )甲状腺切除术患者在术中显露喉返神经 ,然后再行甲状腺的次全切除术和甲状腺叶全切除术。结果　显露喉返神经甲状腺切除术喉返神经损伤 3例 ,其中暂时性损伤 1例 ,永久性损伤 2例 ,损伤率为 0 .3 0 %。结论　甲状腺切除术中显露喉返神经可以降低喉返神经损伤的发生率 ,特别是在甲状腺叶全切手术时。喉返神经显露必须遵循规范化操作原则 ,首先在甲状腺下极甲状腺下动脉周围寻找喉返神经 ,如有困难可在喉返神经入喉处寻找喉返神经 ,亦可以在颈动脉鞘迷走神经附近寻找喉返神经。     

显露喉返神经在甲状腺手术中的临床作用

目的探讨甲状腺手术时显露喉返神经(RLN)对预防RLN损伤的作用。方法回顾分析因甲状腺疾病行手术治疗的528例患者临床资料,按术中是否显露喉返神经分为显露组和未显露组。结果显露喉返神经组202例,发生暂时性喉返神经损伤2例,无永久性损伤。未显露喉返神经组326例,发生暂时性喉返神经损伤8例,永久性损伤1例。显露喉返神经组中RLN损伤发生率(0.99%)明显低于未显露喉返神经组(2.76%)(P0.01)结论甲状腺手术时是否显露喉返神经应根据具体情况决定,有选择地显露喉返神经可明显降低喉返神经损伤发生率。     

甲状腺切除手术中喉返神经显露的意义

目的探讨甲状腺切除手术中显露喉返神经的利弊。方法对１８１例（２９４侧）甲状腺切除术进行了术野显露喉返神经１１４例（１８６侧）,与不显露神经６７例（１０８侧）的前瞻性临床研究。结果不显露喉返神经术式的喉返神经损伤率（４６２％）高于显露神经术式者（０）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论甲状腺切除手术中显露神经的操作过程并不增加喉返神经的损伤率;按照一定方法在术中显露喉返神经是预防喉返神经损伤的有力措施。     

显露喉返神经在甲状腺手术中的应用价值及预防其损伤的对策

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨常规显露喉返神经在甲状腺手术中的应用价值以及预防其损伤的对策。方法〓回顾性分析本科近5年来336例在初次行甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,根据术中是否显露喉返神经将其分为显露喉返神经组205例和未显露喉返神经组131例。根据喉返神经损伤的判断标准,比较两组患者术后喉返神经损伤情况。结果〓显露喉返神经组205例中有2例(0.98%)出现暂时性声音嘶哑,1个月未经特殊处理后声音恢复,无永久性损伤病例。未显露喉返神经组131例中有6例(4.58%)出现喉返神经损伤,其中4例为暂时性损伤,2例为永久性损伤。组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论〓在甲状腺手术中规范化显露并保护喉返神经可有效预防与减少喉返神经的损伤。     

甲状腺手术显露喉返神经的临床研究

目的探讨甲状腺手术时显露喉返神经(RLN)对预防RLN损伤的作用。方法分析810例甲状腺手术中252例甲状腺手术中显露RLN(甲组)和558例术中未显露RLN(乙组)患者的临床资料。结果虽然甲组甲状腺手术切除范围大于乙组;但甲组RLN损伤发生率(1.19%)明显低于乙组(3.05%)(P<0.01)。结论甲状腺手术时有选择地显露喉返神经,可明显降低喉返神经损伤发生率。     

喉返神经显露在甲状腺良性病变手术中的意义

目的 探讨甲状腺良性病变手术中喉返神经(RLN)显露的临床效果.方法 将收治的768例甲状腺良性病变患者按手术序号随机分为3组:(1)选择性显露RLN组(选择组.单号根据患者术中情况显露RLN者),106例,即行腺叶全切、背侧腺体不能保留的腺叶次全切或再次手术者RLN选择显露;(2)选择非显露组(非显露组,单号术中不显露RLN者),278例;(3)常规显露组(常规组,双号术中RLN常规显露),384例.结果 全组RLN损伤率1.04%(8/768),无永久性损伤和双侧损伤.RLN非显露组损伤率0.72%(2/278),选择组0.94%(1/106),常规组1.30%(51384),3组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);非显露组手术时间(78.96±17.60)min,显著短于选择组的(89.05±18.50)min和常规组的(93.44 ±18.90)rain(P＜0.05);非显露组术中出血量(42.73±23.08)mL,显著少于选择组的(56.47 ±24.43)mL和常规组的(62.03±27.46)mL(P＜0.05).结论 在甲状腺良性病变手术中应根据患者情况决定是否显露RLN.     

Importance of identifying the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in total and near-total thyroid lobectomies

In our clinic, near-total thyroidectomy is the principal surgical procedure performed for benign thyroid diseases. We conducted a single-institution study on 176 consecutive patients who underwent near-total thyroidectomy due to various thyroid diseases. We compared the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury between total and near-total thyroid lobectomy sides in each patient. Our hypothesis was that the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after total thyroid lobectomy would be similar to that of near-total thyroid lobectomy when the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified during surgery. The temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rates on the total and near-total thyroid lobectomy sides were 3.9 per cent (7 of 176 nerves) and 2.2 per cent (4 of 176 nerves), respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy did not occur in any of our patients. In conclusion, the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in total versus near-total thyroid lobectomy is not different when the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is identified during surgery.     

甲状腺癌根治术中发生喉返神经损伤的因素分析

目的对甲状腺癌根治术中发生喉返神经损伤的因素进行调查并分析。方法回顾性分析2010年7月至2015年7月725例甲状腺癌根治术患者临床资料,考察术中发生喉返神经损伤的危险因素。采用SPSS19.0软件分析,性别、麻醉方式、病变性质、是否显露喉返神经、手术次数、手术范围、喉返神经分离方式及操作原则等计数资料的单因素分析采用χ~2检验,多因素分析采用Logistic分析,相关性分析采用Logistic回归分析。P0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果 725例手术中发生喉返神经损伤28例,发生率3.86%。单因素分析显示多次手术、广泛性手术、术中不显露及非精细化被膜解剖患者喉返神经损伤发生率显著升高(χ~2=7.425、4.657、5.091、4.591,P0.05)。多因素分析显示,非精细化被膜解剖、多次手术、广泛性手术是喉返神经损伤发生的独立危险因素。结论精细化被膜解剖和缩小手术范围有助于降低喉返神经损伤发生率,多次手术术中操作应当更加注意避免损伤。     

A prospective evaluation of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis during thyroidectomy

HYPOTHESIS: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after thyroidectomy can be unrecognized without routine laryngoscopy, and patients have a good potential for recovery during follow-up. DESIGN: A prospective evaluation of vocal cord function before and after thyroidectomy. Periodic vocal cord assessment was performed until recovery of cord function. Persistent cord palsy for longer than 12 months after the operation was regarded as permanent. SETTING: A university hospital with about 150 thyroid operations performed by 1 surgical team per year. PATIENTS: From January 1, 1995, to April 30, 1998, 500 consecutive patients (84 males and 416 females) with documented normal cord function at the ipsilateral side of the thyroidectomy were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vocal cord paralysis after thyroidectomy. RESULTS: There were 213 unilateral and 287 bilateral procedures, with 787 nerves at risk of injury. Thirty-three patients (6.6%) developed postoperative unilateral cord paralysis, and 5 (1.0%) had recognizable nerve damage during the operations. Complete recovery of vocal cord function was documented in 26 (93%) of 28 patients. The incidence of temporary and permanent cord palsy was 5.2% and 1.4% (3.3% and 0.9% of nerves at risk), respectively. Among factors analyzed, surgery for malignant neoplasm and recurrent substernal goiter was associated with an increased risk of permanent nerve palsy. Primary operations for benign goiter were associated with a 5.3% and 0.3% incidence (3.4% and 0.2% of nerves at risk) of transient and permanent nerve palsy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Unrecognized recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred after thyroidectomy. Thyroid surgery for malignant neoplasms and recurrent substernal goiter was associated with an increased risk of permanent recurrent nerve damage. Postoperative vocal cord dysfunction recovered in most patients without documented nerve damage.     

甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的预防

目的 通过回顾性分析,评价甲状腺手术中解剖喉返神经的必要性.方法 将手术治疗的甲状腺疾病患者512例按术中是否解剖喉返神经分为解剖组和未解剖组,比较两组间喉返神经损伤的发生率.结果 全组解剖喉返神经组189例,术后出现声嘶3例(1.59%),未解剖神经组323例,术后出现声嘶5例(1.55%).两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但在存在有喉返神经损伤高危因素的患者中解剖与未解剖神经患者神经损伤率则有差异(1.02%vs.3.95%,P＜0.05).结论 是否解剖喉返神经应根据具体情况决定,对大多数甲状腺良性病变尽可能不暴露喉返神经,但对于巨大甲状腺肿瘤、二次或多次手术及甲状腺癌应暴露喉返神经.     

Prospective analysis of the efficacy of continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring during thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and parotidectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Continuous intraoperative electromyographic monitoring was prospectively performed in all parotidectomies, thyroidectomies, and parathyroidectomies over approximately 5 years to assess the efficacy of this technology. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring with perioperative nerve assessment was performed. The postresection minimal stimulation level of the nerves was determined to evaluate if this level would predict nerve function postoperatively. RESULTS: Forty-four parotidectomies and 70 thyroid/parathyroid operations were performed with 140 nerves at risk (44 facial, 96 recurrent laryngeal). The incidence of temporary facial paralysis was 15.9% (7 of 44) and the incidence of permanent paralysis was 0%. The incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in terms of nerves at risk was 1.0% (1 of 96), and the incidence of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis was 0%. All patients with normally functioning facial and recurrent laryngeal nerves postoperatively had minimal stimulation levels less than or equal to 0.4 mA. CONCLUSION: Continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring was associated with extremely low rates of temporary and permanent nerve paralysis in our series of 140 nerves at risk as compared to the rates documented in the literature.     

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroidectomy with routine identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) after thyroidectomy with routine identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during the operation. METHODS: The present study was confined to 521 patients, 348 total lobectomies and 178 total thyroidectomies, treated by the same surgeon. Temporary and permanent RLNP rates were analyzed for patient groups with stratification of primary operation for benign thyroid disease, thyroid cancer, Graves' disease, and reoperation. Measurement of the RLNP rate was based on the number of nerves at risk. Twenty-six RLNs in 20 thyroid cancer patients with intentional sacrifice were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: Forty RLNs (40 patients) developed postoperative RLNP. Complete recovery of RLN function was documented for 35 of the 37 patients (94.6%) whose RLN integrity had been ensured intraoperatively. Recovery from temporary RLNP ranged from 3 days to 4 months (mean, 30.7 days). Overall incidence of temporary and permanent RLNP was 5.1% and 0.9%, respectively. The rates of temporary/permanent RLNP were 4.0/0.2%, 2.0/0.7%, 12.0/1.1%, and 10.8/8.1% for groups classified according to benign thyroid disease, thyroid cancer, Graves' disease, and reoperation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Operations for thyroid cancer, Graves' disease, and recurrent goiter demonstrated significantly higher RLNP rates. Invasion of RLN was identified in 19.4% of patients with thyroid cancer. Postoperatively, the RLN recovered in most of the patients without documented nerve damage during the operation. Total lobectomy with routine RLN identification is recommended as a basic procedure in thyroid operations.