微创膝关节单髁置换术后关节腔内注射氨甲环酸止血效果分析

目的：探讨关节腔内注射氨甲环酸对微创膝关节单髁置换术后出血量和输血率的影响。方法：自2015年1月至2017年9月收治90例行微创膝关节单髁置换术患者,分为氨甲环酸组和对照组,每组45例。氨甲环酸组男22例,女23例,年龄62~69（66.1±2.4）岁;对照组男20例,女25例,年龄63~71（68.5±5.2）岁。记录术后48 h引流球中的出血量、围手术期输血率和血细胞比容水平。影响围手术期出血量的因素包括性别、年龄和体重指数（body mass index,BMI）。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间12.5~28.3（22.8±7.9）个月。随访中,两组患者伤口均愈合良好,均未发生深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞。氨甲环酸组患者术后出血量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,氨甲环酸组术后引流球中出血量为（110.0±52.1）ml,对照组为（123.0±64.5）ml,两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.39）。两组患者围手术期都未输血。。结论：关节腔内注射氨甲环酸不能显著减少微创单髁置换患者术后的出血量。     

氨甲环酸减少一期全膝关节翻修术失血的有效性及安全性研究

目的：探讨氨甲环酸减少一期全膝关节翻修术失血的有效性及安全性。方法将2014年8月至2015年9月在我院行一期全膝关节翻修手术的22例病人随机分为研究组（11例）和对照组（11例）。研究组在切皮之前将1.0 g氨甲环酸稀释于100 ml生理盐水后静脉滴注;对照组仅使用100 ml生理盐水静脉滴注。术后观察比较两组病人的血液和生化检查结果、出血及输血情况以及下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的发生情况。结果两组病人术前的血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞比容（HCT）比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;研究组病人术后第3、5天的HGB和HCT均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两组病人术中出血量的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;研究组和对照组的术后输血量分别为（225.5±161.7）ml和（676.1±214.8）ml,总出血量分别为（1650.1±589.3）ml和（2469.2±684.6）ml,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。术后复查双下肢动静脉彩超,两组病人均未见DVT发生。结论一期全膝关节翻修术术前静脉滴注氨甲环酸能有效减少术中、术后出血量与输血量,有利于术后快速康复,且不明显增加术后血栓等并发症,建议在全膝关节翻修术中推广应用。     

Use of intravenous tranexamic acid to reduce allogeneic blood transfusion in total hip and knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis

Total hip or knee arthroplasty is associated with significant blood loss. Techniques such as the use of antifibrinolytics or desmopressin, or normovolaemic haemodilution have been used to reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. Tranexamic acid has been used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirement for total hip and knee arthroplasty, with variable results. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether intravenous tranexamic acid, when compared with placebo, reduces blood loss and transfusion requirement in total hip and knee joint replacement surgery and whether it might increase the risk of thromboembolic complications. The literature search was based on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and information from the pharmaceutical company that produces tranexamic acid (Pharmacia-Upjohn). We identified 15 clinical trials and 12 were considered suitable for detailed data extraction. Tranexamic acid reduces the proportion of patients requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09-0.26), total amount of blood loss (WMD 460 ml, 95% CI: 274-626 ml), and the total number of units of allogeneic blood transfused (WMD 0.85 unit, 95% CI: 0.36-1.33). Tranexamic acid does not increase the risk of thromboembolic complications such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, thrombotic cerebral vascular accident, or myocardial infarction (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.45-2.12). Intravenous tranexamic acid appears effective and safe in reducing allogeneic blood transfusion and blood loss in total hip and knee arthroplasty.     

The Efficacy Comparison of Tranexamic Acid for Reducing Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty at Different Dosage Time

Background

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss in total knee arthroplasty at different dosage time.

直接前入路全髋关节置换术应用氨甲环酸的有效性及安全性

目的：评估局部应用氨甲环酸（tranexamic acid,TXA）降低直接前入路（direct anterior approach,DAA）全髋关节置换术围手术期失血量的有效性和安全性。方法：自2013年7月至2018年9月,采用直接前入路初次全髋关节置换治疗的46例股骨头坏死患者,分为氨甲环酸组和生理盐水组,各23例。其中,氨甲环酸组中男14例,女9例,年龄52~72（63.70±5.34）岁,采用氨甲环酸3 g稀释于50 ml生理盐水中,在假体置换完毕后关节腔浸泡3 min;生理盐水组中男13例,女10例,年龄55~73（61.26±5.78）岁,采用等量生理盐水,相同方法关节腔浸泡。比较两组患者的失血量、血红蛋白值、输血例数、术后首次下地时间、血栓以及切口不良事件的发生率,术后1、3个月采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果：术后患者切口愈合良好,两组无明显并发症发生。46例患者获随访,时间12~59个月,平均31.11个月。随访患者无髋部疼痛,髋关节功能有效改善,均未出现假体松动。术后氨甲环酸组和生理盐水组围手术期总失血量分别为（740.09±77.14）、（1 069.07±113.53）ml,术后24 h引流量为（87.61±9.28）、（233.83±25.62）ml,隐性失血量为（409.65±38.01）、（588.33±57.16）ml,手术前后血红蛋白差值为（24.78±2.19）、（33.57±2.95）g/L,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术中失血量、深静脉血栓及肺栓塞的发生率、术后髋关节Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。。结论：直接前入路全髋关节置换术中局部应用氨甲环酸可安全、有效地减少围手术期失血量,且不增加血栓形成的风险,不影响关节功能正常恢复。     

Can local administration of tranexamic acid during total knee arthroplasty reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in the absence of surgical drains?

Blood transfusions are frequently required following total knee arthroplasty. Tranexamic acid (TXA) inhibits fibrinolysis and has been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements when delivered intravenously. Topical and intra-articular applications directly target bleeding sites whilst limiting systemic uptake and theoretically reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications. However, in the absence of surgical drains, which increase post-operative blood loss, the efficacy of these techniques for reducing transfusion requirements is unclear. Our aim was to determine if locally administered tranexamic acid during total knee arthroplasty could reduce both blood loss and transfusion requirements in the absence of surgical drains. A retrospective review of 248 patients treated with primary unilateral cemented total knee arthroplasty was performed. Patients treated after January 2011 received topical and intra-articular tranexamic acid at the end of the procedure (n = 136). A second group of consecutive patients treated before this period acted as historical controls (n = 112). Patient groups were equivalent in terms of age, gender and ASA grade. There was a significant reduction in mean blood loss of 246 ml between the groups (p < 0.01). In addition, the requirement for post-operative allogenic blood transfusion was significantly reduced from 15.5 to 5.4 % after introduction of the tranexamic acid regimen (p = 0.02). This is the largest patient cohort reviewed to measure the efficacy of locally administered tranexamic acid during total knee arthroplasty and demonstrates that this is an effective technique for reducing both blood loss and transfusion requirements in the absence of surgical drains.     

Hemostatic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carbazochrome Sodium Sulfonate in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundPostoperative recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with postoperative anemia, allogeneic transfusion, and stress immune responses to surgery. Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (CSS) reduces bleeding through several mechanisms. We assessed the effect of CSS combined with tranexamic acid (TXA) on postoperative anemia, blood transfusion, and inflammatory responses.MethodsThis study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 200 patients undergoing unilateral primary TKA. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group A received TXA plus topical and intravenous CSS; group B received TXA plus topical CSS only; group C received TXA plus intravenous CSS only; group D received TXA only.ResultsTotal blood loss in groups A (609.92 ± 221.24 mL), B (753.16 ± 247.67 mL), and C (829.23 ± 297.45 mL) was lower than in group D (1158.26 ± 334.13 mL, P < .05). There was no difference in total blood loss between groups B and C. We also found that compared with group D, the postoperative swelling rate, biomarker level of inflammation, visual analog scale pain score, and range of motion at discharge in groups A, B, and C were significantly improved (P < .05). No thromboembolic complications occurred. There were no differences in transfusion rate, intraoperative blood loss, platelet count, or average length of stay among the 4 groups (P > .05).ConclusionCSS combined with TXA was more effective than TXA alone in reducing perioperative blood loss and inflammatory response and did not increase the incidence of thromboembolism complications.     

Tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty saves blood and money

Background A blood transfusion is a costly transplantation of tissue that may endanger the health for the recipient. Blood transfusions are common after total hip arthroplasty. The total saving potential is substantial if the blood loss could be reduced. Studies on the use of tranexamic acid have shown interesting results, but its benefits in total hip arthroplasty have not yet been resolved.

Patients and methods 100 patients receiving a total hip arthroplasty (THA) got a single injection of tranexamic acid (15 mg/kg) or placebo intravenously before the start of the operation. The study was double-blind and randomized. Total blood loss was calculated from the hemoglobin (Hb) balance. Volume and Hb con-centration of the drainage was measured 24 h after the operation. Intraoperative blood loss was estimated volumetrically and visually.

Results The patients who received tranexamic acid (TA) bled less. The total blood loss was on average 0.97 L in the TA group and 1.3 L in the placebo group (p < 0.001). 8/47 (0.2) in the TA group were given blood transfusion versus 23/53 (0.4) in the placebo group (p = 0.009). Drainage volume and drainage Hb concentration were less in the TA group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). No thromboembolic complications occurred.

Interpretation Considering the cost of blood and tranexamic acid only, use of the drug would save EUR 47 Euro per patient. We recommend a preoperative single dose of tranexamic acid for standard use in THA.     

The role of tranexamic acid in a comprehensive blood management protocol for total hip and knee arthroplasty patients

Allogeneic blood transfusions during total hip or knee arthroplasty have been associated with increased risks for perioperative complications as well as increased medical costs. A multi-modal approach toperioperative management of the patients to minimize the risk for an allogeneic blood transfusion can help both the patient and the health care system. This approach involves optimizing the patients’ hemoglobin preoperatively, utilizing a variety of techniques intraoperatively including tranexamic acid to minimize blood loss, and using patient specific transfusion triggers post-operatively. In particular, the incorporation of tranexamic acid to the perioperative management of total hip and total knee replacement patients dramatically decreased the rate of allogeneic blood transfusions in our hospital.     

氨甲环酸在老年腰椎椎管狭窄症患者围手术期血液管理中的作用

目的探讨老年多节段腰椎椎管狭窄症(LSS)患者围手术期使用氨甲环酸的安全性及其在降低总出血量、显性出血量、隐性出血量及输血量方面的临床效果。方法 2017年3月—2018年6月,前瞻性随机双盲将巴中市通江新区医院收治的34例需行后路椎板切除椎间融合术的LSS患者分为2组。氨甲环酸组(18例)麻醉成功后一次性静脉滴注氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液(100 mL∶1 g)1 g,手术结束前使用氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液(100 mL∶1 g)1 g局部冲洗创面;对照组(16例)麻醉成功后给予生理盐水100 mL静脉滴注。记录2组患者围手术期红细胞(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血红蛋白(HGB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、总出血量、显性出血量、隐性出血量及输血量,并进行对比分析。结果所有患者术后切口甲级愈合,均未发生深静脉血栓、脑梗死等并发症。2组患者术前RBC、HCT、HGB、PT、APTT及FIB差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);术后1 h、72 h氨甲环酸组患者RBC、HCT及HGB均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);氨甲环酸组总出血量、显性出血量、隐性出血量及输血量均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论围手术期使用氨甲环酸对老年LSS患者的血液管理具有积极作用,可以减少围手术期总出血量、显性出血量、隐性出血量及输血量。     

Cost benefit analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in primary lower limb arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study

AIM: To examine the cost benefit conferred by the perioperative administration of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) in lower limb arthroplasty.METHODS: This study evaluates the use of TXA in 200 consecutive lower limb arthroplasties performed in a single surgeon series. The initial 100 patients (control group) underwent surgery without perioperative administration of TXA while the subsequent 100 patients (TXA group) all received 1 g TXA at the time of induction of anaesthesia. Pre- and post-operative haemoglobin, platelet count, haematocrit, the use of blood product post-operatively, length of stay were examined. A financial analysis of both groups was then undertaken.RESULTS: The mean age of patients in both groups was 63 ± 13 years. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of gender (P = 0.47), proportion of total hip replacement to total knee replacement (P = 0.25) or pre-operative haemoglobin (P = 0.43). In the control group, the transfusion rate was 22%. In the TXA group, the transfusion rate dropped to 2% (P < 0.001). The mean post-operative haemoglobin was 10.82 ± 1.55 g/dL in the control group vs 11.33 ± 1.27 g/dL in the TXA group (P = 0.01). The total cost of transfused blood products was €11055 and €603 respectively. The mean length of stay in the control group was 6.53 ± 5.93 d vs 5.47 ± 4.26 d in the TXA group (P = 0.15) leading to an estimated financial saving of €114586. There was one pulmonary embolus in the control group and one deep venous thrombosis in the TXA group.CONCLUSION: Intravenous TXA reduces blood loss in lower limb arthroplasty. This leads to lower transfusion rates, shorter length of stay in hospital and significant financial savings.     

高龄膝骨关节炎患者人工单髁关节置换疗效分析

目的:探讨75岁以上膝骨性关节炎患者行人工单髁关节置换术后临床疗效。方法：自2010年4月至2015年5月应用Oxford第3代人工单髁关节治疗膝内侧间室骨性关节炎患者42例,根据手术单双侧置换情况将患者分为双侧同期置换组和单侧置换组：同期置换组11例,男3例,女8例,年龄（79.18±3.06）岁;单侧置换组31例,男13例,女18例,年龄（78.16±3.48）岁。观察比较患者患膝假体生存现状、术前后血细胞比容变化、术中及术后的失血总量,比较患者术前后膝关节HSS（Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating）评分。结果：两组术后围手术期并发症比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。42例患者获得随访,时间（5.7±2.3）年。1例既往高血压合病史患者术后第4个月发生脑血栓,1例患者在术后第4个月发生衬垫脱位,2例患者于术后3年因其他内科疾病死亡（1例心肌梗塞,1例肺癌）。双侧同期置换组术后失血总量高于单侧置换组（P<0.05）;4例行双侧同期置换患者术后分别输血2 U。两组术后9个月HSS评分除稳定性评分其他各项评分和总分均高于术前（P<0.05）。结论：内侧单间室退变的75岁以上老年骨性关节炎患者选择人工单髁关节置换术是可行的手术治疗方法。对于双膝病变75岁以上老年患者,双侧同期人工单髁关节置换术同单侧单髁关节置换手术相比,创伤大,会增加围手术期并发症发生率,影响术后快速康复,增加失血量。虽然远期疗效同单侧单髁关节置换手术相当,但为保证手术安全性,仍建议分期手术。     

Matched cohort study of topical tranexamic acid in cementless primary total hip replacement

Purpose

Tranexamic acid has been shown to be effective in reducing blood loss after total hip replacement. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the effectiveness of topical TXA use to reduce blood loss after primary total hip replacement and to compare these outcomes with those of a matched control group from a similar cohort that did not have received tranexamic acid.

Methods

This is a prospective matched control study to assess the effect of a 2 g topical tranexamic acid in 50 mL physiological saline solution in total hip replacement. Primary outcomes were hemoglobin and hematocrit drop, and total blood loss. Secondary outcomes were transfusion rates, length of hospital stay, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism events.

Results

We could match 100 patients to a control group. There were no statistical significantly differences between the two groups. The hemoglobin and hematocrit postoperative values were significantly higher in topical tranexamic acid group than in control group (P?<?0.001). The mean total blood loss was 769 in topical tranexamic acid group and 1163 in control group with significant differences (P?=?0.001), which meant 34% reduction in total blood loss. Length of stay was lower in topical tranexamic acid group. The risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary events did not increase.

Conclusions

A single dose of 2 g tranexamic acid in 50 mL physiological saline solution topical administration was effective and safe in reducing bleeding in patients undergoing unilateral primary non-cemented total hip replacement compared to a matched control group.

     

Peri-operative administration of tranexamic acid in lower limb arthroplasty: a multicentre,prospective cohort study

In the UK, tranexamic acid is recommended for all surgical procedures where expected blood loss exceeds 500 ml. However, the optimal dose, route and timing of administration are not known. This study aimed to evaluate current practice of peri-operative tranexamic acid administration. Patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty during a 2-week period were eligible for inclusion in this prospective study. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving tranexamic acid in the peri-operative period. Secondary outcomes included: dose, route and timing of tranexamic acid administration; prevalence of pre- and postoperative anaemia; estimated blood loss; and red blood cell transfusion rates. In total, we recruited 1701 patients from 56 NHS hospitals. Out of these, 1523 (89.5%) patients received tranexamic acid and of those, 1052 (69.1%) received a single dose of 1000 mg intravenously either pre- or intra-operatively. Out of the 1701 patients, 571 (33.6%) and 1386 (81.5%) patients were anaemic (haemoglobin < 130 g.l⁻¹) in the pre- and postoperative period, respectively. Mean (SD) estimated blood loss for all included patients was 792 (453) ml and 54 patients (3.1%) received a red blood cell transfusion postoperatively. The transfusion rate for patients with pre-operative anaemia was 6.5%, compared with 1.5% in patients without anaemia. Current standard of care in the UK is to administer 1000 mg of tranexamic intravenously either pre- or intra-operatively. Approximately one-third of patients present for surgery with anaemia, although the overall red blood cell transfusion rate is low. These data provide useful comparators when assessing the efficacy of tranexamic acid and other patient blood management interventions in future studies.     

Blood Transfusion can be Avoided in Single-Anesthetic Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundFemale gender and surgical drain use have been associated with an increased transfusion risk following single-anesthetic bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA). This study evaluated allogenic blood transfusion rates among female and male patients undergoing SBTKA with intraoperative tourniquet, tranexamic acid and contemporary blood transfusion thresholds but without surgical drain use.MethodsWe performed a retrospective electronic medical record review for 125 consecutive patients undergoing SBTKA (250 knees) between May 1, 2015 and July 10, 2021. Patient demographic characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists), preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, perioperative transfusions, operative time, and hospital length of stay were compared between 76 female (60.8%) and 49 male (39.2%) patient cohorts using paired Student’s t-test or Fisher’s exact test with a P value <.05 for significance.ResultsNo patient in either gender-based cohort received a perioperative allogeneic or autologous blood transfusion (P = 1). There were no significant differences in patient demographic features or medical comorbidities. Male patients had significantly higher mean preoperative (14.7 versus 13.7 g/dL, P < .01) and postoperative (12.7 versus 11.8 g/dL, P < .01) hemoglobin levels and a shorter mean hospital length of stay (2.5 versus 3.0 days, P < .01). There was no difference in the mean operative time (154.7 versus 150.7 minutes, P = .34) or change in the hemoglobin level (2.1 versus 1.9 g/dL, P = .27).ConclusionSBTKA can be performed with a limited risk of perioperative transfusion with a combination of intraoperative tourniquet, tranexamic acid, conservative blood transfusion criteria, and avoidance of postoperative drain use. Study results were not influenced by patient gender.Level of evidenceThis is a level III, retrospective cohort study.     

Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron) reduces perioperative blood loss associated with total knee arthroplasty

In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we haveinvestigated the effect of an antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamicacid (Cyklokapron), on blood loss and transfusion requirementsassociated with total knee arthroplasty. Twenty-nine patientswere allocated randomly to receive either tranexamic acid 15mg kg^–1 or an equal volume of placebo a few minutes beforea tourniquet was deflated. Blood loss during surgery, in therecovery room and on the surgical ward was recorded, togetherwith the number of units of blood transfused in hospital. Meanblood loss during surgery was 428 (SD 254) ml in the tranexamicacid group (n = 15) compared with 41 5 (244) ml in the placebogroup (n = 13). In the recovery room the tranexamic acid grouplost 127 (95) ml and the placebo group 576 (245) ml (P <0.001). On the ward the respective volumes were 293 (200) mland 558 (293) ml (P < 0.01). Total blood loss was 847 (356)ml in the tranexamic acid group and 1549 (574) ml in the placebogroup (P < 0.001). During the hospital stay the treatmentgroup received 1.5 (1.3) units of blood compared with 3.3 (1.8)in the control group (P < 0.005). Two patients in the placebogroup experienced a thrombotic complication compared with nonein the treatment group. We conclude that tranexamic acid reducedperioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements associatedwith total knee arthroplasty. (Br. J. Anaesth. 1995; 74: 534–537)     

Effect of tranexamic acid on reducing postoperative blood loss in combined hypotensive epidural anesthesia and general anesthesia for total hip replacement

Study ObjectiveTo determine whether the use of tranexamic acid in the setting of hypotension induced by hypotensive epidural anesthesia (HEA) has any additional beneficial effects in reducing perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in total hip replacement.DesignProspective, randomized, double-blinded trial.SettingUniversity-affiliated hospital.Patients68 adult, ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing primary unilateral cementless total hip replacement with general anesthesia and HEA.InterventionsThe HEATA group received a bolus dose of 15 mg/kg of tranexamic acid before surgical incision, followed by a continuous 15 mg/kg infusion until skin closure. The HEA group received normal saline instead of tranexamic acid in the same manner.MeasurementsIntraoperative blood loss was measured using the difference between the weights of used gauze and the original unused gauze, in addition to the blood volume accumulated in suction bottles. Postoperative blood loss was considered to be the amount of blood accumulated in drainage bags.Main ResultsThere was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the HEA and HEATA groups (251.8 ± 109.9 mL vs 234.9 ± 93.9 mL), but postoperative blood loss was significantly less in the HEATA group than the HEA group (439.3 ± 171. 6 mL vs 1074.4 ± 287.1 mL), as was total cumulative blood loss (674.2 ± 216.4 mL vs 1326.2 ± 347.8 mL). There was no significant difference in intraoperative transfusion incidences, but postoperative transfusion was greater in the HEA group than the HEATA group.ConclusionsAdministration of tranexamic acid combined with hypotensive epidural anesthesia reduced postoperative and total accumulative blood loss and transfusion requirements more than did hypotensive epidural anesthesia alone.     

氨甲环酸联合术后引流管临时夹闭降低单侧全膝置换术后失血量的研究

目的 :探讨全膝置换术后氨甲环酸关节腔注射联合不同时限引流管夹闭的有效性和安全性。方法 :2012年1月至2013年12月,选择行初次单侧全膝关节置换患者160例,分为A组(生理盐水关节腔注射联合引流管夹闭2 h)、B组(氨甲环酸关节腔注射联合引流管夹闭2 h)、C组(生理盐水关节腔注射联合引流管夹闭4 h)和D组(氨甲环酸关节腔注射联合引流管夹闭4 h)4组。记录血红蛋白含量、引流量、隐性失血量、总血红蛋白丢失量、输血量、输血率、深静脉血栓发生率、皮下瘀斑面积,并对4组进行比较。结果:160例患者无切口感染、严重低氧血症以及有症状的肺栓塞等情况出现。术后1 d各组血红蛋白含量的差异有统计学意义(F=12.26,P=0.000),术后7 d各组血红蛋白含量的差异有统计学意义(F=20.74,P=0.000);术后各组引流量差异有统计学意义(F=38.71,P=0.000);术后各组隐性红细胞丢失量的差异有统计学意义(F=83.41,P=0.000);术后各组总红细胞丢失量的差异有统计学意义(F=102.68,P=0.000)。术后7 d多普勒彩色超声检查发现总的下肢静脉血栓栓塞发生率为3%(5/160),而且各组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.892),同时术后皮下瘀斑面积﹥1%发生率,各组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.143)。结论:氨甲环酸关节腔注射联合引流管夹闭4 h的方法,在全膝关节置换中操作简单,经济、有效,并发症较少。     

不同方式使用氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换术后出血的影响及其安全性

目的探讨不同方式使用氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换术(TKA)患者术后出血的影响及其安全性。方法将154例行初次单侧TKA的患者分为3组:术中局部和静脉联合使用氨甲环酸组(A组,52例),局部使用氨甲环酸组(B组,53例),未使用氨甲环酸组(C组,49例)。比较3组患者术后引流量、输血率、输血量、术后第1、3天血红蛋白值、D-二聚体值及术后下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的发生率。结果术后引流量、输血率、输血量A组低于B、C组(P0.05),B组低于C组(P0.05)。术后第1、3天血红蛋白值A组高于B、C组(P0.05),B组高于C组(P0.05)。术后第1、3天D-二聚体值及下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞发生3组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在TKA中联合使用和局部使用氨甲环酸可减少术后出血,联合使用效果更好,且不增加下肢静脉血栓及肺栓塞风险。     

Topical Administration of Tranexamic Acid in Primary Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty

Major blood loss is a known potential complication in total hip and total knee arthroplasty. We conducted a prospective, stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated 100 patients undergoing total knee or total hip arthroplasty to evaluate the effect on blood loss using the topical application of tranexamic acid. Participants received either 2 g of topical tranexamic acid or the equivalent volume of placebo into the joint prior to surgical closure. Tranexamic acid resulted in a lower mean maximum decline in postoperative hemoglobin levels when compared to placebo (P = 0.013). Patients in the tranexamic acid group demonstrated an improved but non-significant reduction in the units of blood transfused compared to placebo (P = 0.423). There was no clinically significant increase in complications in the tranexamic acid group, including no incidence of venous thromboembolism.