Cranioplasty using autologous calvarial bone graft in combination with titanium mesh plates for patients with a history of bone infections after initial cranioplasty

We present a modified method for reconstruction of calvarial bone defects for patients with a history of infectious complications. Three patients who had experienced implanted bone infections underwent reconstruction of calvarial bone defect. For reconstruction of the calvarial bone defects, autologous split calvarial bone grafts were used to cover the calvarial bone defect. The full or half layered fronto-parietal bone used as implants were fixed with titanium mini-plates for primary bone defect site, while the new bone defect site caused by getting autologous bone graft were covered with titanium mesh plates assisted by residual half layered calvarias. The average follow-up span of patients was 64 months. Evaluated clinical and radiologic results are stable, showing no measurable side effects. Split calvarial bone graft in combination with titanium mesh plates is recommended in patients with a history of infection or high risk of infection.     

Effects of laser-modified versus osteopromotively coated titanium membranes on bone healing: a pilot study in rat mandibular defects

Regeneration of alveolar bone with membrane techniques has become an integral part of implant dentistry. The aim of the present study was to determine if laser-modified titanium membranes are of value in the regeneration of so-called critical size defects in the rat model compared with titanium membranes that were coated with growth factors. A total of 24 rats were included in the study. Critical size defects were created bilaterally and covered by titanium membranes coated with (1) polylactide, (2) polylactide and clindamycin, (3) polylactide and growth factors, (4) polylactide, clindamycin and growth factors and (5) uncoated but laser-modified titanium membranes. All 18 control defects were covered by titanium membranes without any substrate. Four weeks after treatment the animals were killed. Laser-modified titanium membranes (group 5) showed new bone formation in many areas. Nevertheless, complete bridging was found only in one specimen. In contrast, in groups 3 and 4, most defects showed almost complete bridging of the defects. In particular, clindamycin had no inhibitory effect on bone healing. Furthermore, after 28 days, there was no significant difference between the individual groups (including controls) with respect to the total amount of lamellar bone. Growth-factor-coated membranes can significantly accelerate the healing process of bony defects in the rat mandibular model. Nevertheless, it is not possible to accelerate bone healing with laser-irradiated membranes or to enhance the quality of bone within the time period examined.     

Healing of maxillary and mandibular bone defects using a membrane technique. An experimental study in monkeys

Cyst-like cavities in the jaw bone often heal incompletely owing to ingrowth of connective tissue, thus preventing osteogenesis from occurring. In the present study, a new membrane technique has been utilized in an attempt to improve bone healing. By means of an inert, porous membrane, placed in close contact with the bone surface, a secluded space is created which can only be repopulated by cells from the adjacent bone. Thus, osteogenesis is able to occur without interference from other tissue types. Through-and-through bone defects were produced bilaterally (1) in edentulous areas of monkey (n = 5) mandibles, and (2) in conjunction with apicectomy of the lateral maxillary incisors, also in monkeys (n = 7). On one side, the defects were covered buccally as well as lingually/palatally with expanded PTFE membranes, whereas the defects on the other side served as controls (no membrane). In the mandible, complete bone healing was seen at all test sites after a healing period of 3 months. On the control side, 3 experimental sites showed bone discontinuity with a transosseous core of connective tissue, whereas some bone healing had occurred lingually at 2 sites, but with massive soft tissue ingrowth from the buccal side. In the maxillary periapical defects, all the membrane-covered defects had healed with bone closure after 3 months but with a minute portion of connective tissue, probably derived from the periodontal ligament, around the tooth apices. None of the control defects (no membrane) healed spontaneously, but all were filled with connective tissue to varying degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

Regeneration of segmental diaphyseal defects in sheep tibiae using resorbable polymeric membranes: a preliminary study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a long bone cortex of well-defined thickness can be regenerated by using an anatomically designed membranous resorbable "tube-in-tube" implant and to establish the functions of membranes in the healing of segmental diaphyseal bone defects larger than the "critical size." DESIGN: Bone healing in segmental diaphyseal defects larger than the critical size in the sheep tibiae covered with a single porous tubular membrane or implanted with anatomically shaped porous double tube-in-tube membranes was evaluated. Membranes with different pore structures were applied alone and/or in combination with autogenous bone graft. BACKGROUND: Healing of segmental diaphyseal bone defects in animals can be enhanced by covering the defects with resorbable polylactide membranes. Based on the results of bone healing in defects ten millimeters long in the rabbit radii, it was suggested that the membrane prevents muscle and soft tissue from invading the defect and maintains osteogenic cells and osteogenic substances within the space covered with membrane, thus promoting new bone formation. The functions of membranes may differ, however, depending on the size and the location of the defect and on the experimental species used. Bone defects larger than the critical size may not heal at all, even if membranes are used. The critical-size defect is defined as the smallest bone defect that does not heal spontaneously when covered with polymeric membranes. To heal such defects, it is mandatory that membranes are used in combination with autogenic bone graft and/or a suitable bone substitute. If bone graft is used to fill the defect, the structure and geometry of the covering membrane will determine whether the graft will be vascularized and/or nourished from the surrounding soft tissue and, in consequence, survive. It can be appreciated that bone healing in areas of good vascularity should be more efficient than bone healing in poorly vascularized areas. The influence of all these factors on healing of bone in segmental diaphyseal defects covered with membranes is not known. METHODS: Four-centimeter-long diaphyseal segmental defects in the tibiae of six- to seven-year-old Swiss mountain sheep were covered with resorbable membranes from poly(LDL-lactide). In Group 1, a single microporous external membrane was used. In Group 2, one microporous membrane was inserted into the medullary cavity at the cut ends of the tibiae (internal membrane), and the other microporous membrane was placed on the outer surface of the cortex (external membrane). In Group 3, a single microporous external membrane was also laser-perforated to produce openings with a diameter in the range of 800 to 900 micrometers. In Group 4, the defect was filled with autogenous cancellous bone graft and covered with a single perforated membrane. In Group 5, one perforated internal membrane was inserted into the medullary cavity at the cut ends of the tibiae, and the other perforated membrane was placed on the outer surface of the cortex. Group 6 was identical to Group 5, except that cancellous bone graft was placed in the space between these two membranes. RESULTS: There was no bone healing in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 5. Only in Groups 4 and 6 did the defects heal. In Group 4, new bone was dispersed across the "medullary canal" formed by the membrane. In Group 6, the new bone had grown into the space between the outer and inner membranes, forming the "neocortex." CONCLUSIONS: The resorbable polymeric implant consisting of two concentric perforated membranes (the tube-in-tube implant) used in combination with cancellous bone graft to treat segmental diaphyseal defects in sheep tibiae allows for the reconstitution of the "neocortex" with well-defined thickness. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)     

应用钛网支架及前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部肿瘤切除后洞穿缺损

目的 探讨应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣即刻修复上颌骨部分洞穿缺损的手术方法.方法 对2004年至2008年收治的19例上颌部肿瘤患者,于切除肿瘤后即刻应用钛网支架修复骨质缺损,并以前臂游离皮瓣覆盖于钛网支架表面修复口腔黏膜缺损.结果 19例中16例患者术后功能与外形均获得较为满意的效果,患者发音清晰,进食时无口鼻腔返流现象;有3例术后钛网支架部分外露、感染,遂去除钛网支架,将挛缩的前臂游离皮瓣重新展开,并缝合于缺损部位,口鼻腔瘘得到关闭,患者的发音、进食功能无明显影响,仅面中部有轻度塌陷.结论 应用钛网支架与前臂游离皮瓣修复上颌部缺损是一种简单、可行的方法,吞咽与语言功能得到较好的维护,同时也获得了较为满意的面部外形.     

Resorbable polylactide membrane for the treatment of segmental bone defects

IntroductionSegmental bone defects are a challenging clinical problem. In animal studies and craniomaxillofacial surgery, resorbable polylactide membrane (OrthoMesh; DePuy Synthes, West Chester, PA) shows promise for treatment of bone defects. This study presents the results of the treatment of segmental bone defects with resorbable polylactide membrane, bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), and autograft.MethodsThis study was approved by the institutional review board. All patients with a segmental bone defect treated with a resorbable polylactide membrane by a single surgeon from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Data related to demographic variables, surgical details, and union were collected.ResultsEleven patients with median age of 37 years (range 22–62 years) were included in the study with segmental bone defects in the tibia (n = 3), femur (n = 4), or forearm (n = 4). Median bone defect size was 6 cm (range 3–12 cm). Etiology of bone defects included osteomyelitis (n = 7), oncologic resection (n = 3), and post-traumatic aseptic nonunion (n = 1). Flap coverage was performed in two patients. Median radiographic follow-up was 24 months (range 5–75 months). Ten patients (10/11) achieved union at a median of 17 months (range 5–46 months). Seven patients required reoperation for any reason with six patients requiring repeat grafting.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study is the largest series of patients with segmental bone defects treated with resorbable polylactide membrane. Resorbable polylactide membrane in combination with BMP-2 and autograft represents a safe and effective method of bone graft containment in segmental bone defects measuring up to 12 cm in this series. Ten of 11 patients achieved union at a median time of 16 months with 6 patients requiring repeat grafting. These results compare favorably with the induced membrane technique. This study is limited by its retrospective design, absence of control and comparison groups, and low patient numbers. Future prospective randomized study of the induced membrane technique and resorbable polylactide membrane should be undertaken to determine preferred approaches for treatment of segmental bone defects.     

富血小板血浆促进骨缺损修复的实验研究

目的 探讨复合富血小板血浆(PRP)的陶瓷人工骨对管状骨骨缺损的修复作用。方法 新西兰大白兔24只，体重2．5～3．0kg，雌雄不限。随机选择一侧桡骨作实验侧，连同骨膜切除桡骨中上段1cm，造成节段性骨缺损，填入复合PRP的人工骨，另一侧为对照侧，仅填入人工骨，分别在术后第2、4、8和12周通过大体观察、X线片、组织学及计算机图像分析等手段观察两侧桡骨愈合情况。结果 术后第2周，实验侧和对照侧的新生纤维组织和骨组织均主要集中在截骨靖，实验侧新生组织略多于对照侧。第4、8周，实验侧人工骨表面及孔隙内被大量新生骨组织覆盖和填充，人工骨与宿主骨桥接紧密；对照侧的新生骨组织主要限于人工骨两端，且相对实验侧较幼稚。第12周，实验侧骨缺损完全修复，人工骨表面被皮质骨完全覆盖，对照侧仅于两侧截骨靖区域出现板层骨，人工骨表面未见连续性骨痴形成。结论 复合PRP的人工骨可用于管状骨缺损的修复，并有明显加速骨愈合的作用。     

Simultaneous maxillary and mandibular reconstruction with a single Osteocutaneous fibula free flap: A description of three cases

Large defects that comprise both the maxilla and mandible prove to be difficult reconstructive endeavors and commonly require two free tissue transfers. Three cases are presented to discuss an option for simultaneous reconstruction of maxillary and mandibular defects using a single osteocutaneous fibula free flap. The first case describes a 16‐year‐old male with a history of extensive facial trauma sustained in a boat propeller accident resulting in a class IId maxillary and 5 cm mandibular defect status post three failed reconstructive surgeries; the second, a 33‐year‐old male with recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma of the muscles of mastication with resultant hemi‐mandibulectomy and class IId maxillary defects; and lastly, a 48‐year‐old male presenting after a failed scapular free flap to reconstruct defects resulting from a self‐inflicted gunshot wound, which included a 5 cm defect of the right mandibular body and 4.5 cm defect of the inferior maxillary bone. In all cases, a single osteocutaneous fibula free flap was used in two bone segments; one to obturate the maxillary defect and restore alveolar bone and the other to reconstruct the mandibular defect. The most recent patient was able to undergo implantable dental rehabilitation. Postoperatively, the free flaps were viable and masticatory function was restored in all patients during a follow‐up range of 2–4 years.     

Comparison of corticocancellous block and particulate bone grafts in maxillary sinus floor augmentation for bone healing around dental implants.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare 2 types of bone used for maxillary sinus floor augmentation, corticocancellous block or particulate bone grafts, on bone healing around dental implants when installed simultaneously with the implant. STUDY DESIGN: The mucous membranes of 12 sinuses in 6 dogs were elevated bilaterally. On one side of the maxillary sinus, autogenous corticocancellous block bone was grafted into the space between the membrane and sinus wall. On the opposite side, autogenous corticocancellous particulate bone was grafted. Simultaneously, 2 dental implants were inserted into the grafting material through the maxillary sinus floor. The animals were killed 6 months after surgical procedure. RESULTS: The mean bone-implant contact was 56.7% on the block side and 32.1% on the particulate side (P < .05). The mean height of newly formed bone in the augmented area was 12.3 mm on the block side and 9.7 mm on the particulate side (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results show that maxillary sinus floor augmentation using corticocancellous block bone grafts, when installed simultaneously with the implant, is superior to corticocancellous particulate bone grafts for bone healing around dental implants.     

Bioabsorbable fixation in the treatment of proximal tibial osteotomies and fractures. A clinical study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of bioabsorbable implants in proximal tibia cancellous bone fixations in 28 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The implants used were self-reinforced polyglycolide (SR-PGA) or self-reinforced polylactide (SR-PLLA) screws or rods. In six patients a high tibial osteotomy and in 16 patients a proximal tibial plateau fracture were secured with these implants (cancellous bone fixations). In addition, four anterior tibial eminence avulsion fractures and two tibial tuberosity avulsions were fixed (avulsion fractures). The average follow-up time was 3.6 years. RESULT AND CONCLUSIONS: In the cancellous bone fixations (15 patients at the follow-up) there were three excellent clinical results, five good, five moderate and two poor results; radiologically there were one excellent result, eight good, five moderate, and one poor result. In the avulsion fracture patients (four patients at the follow-up) there were two excellent and two good clinical results; radiologically all results were excellent. In four cancellous bone fixations redisplacement was noted. In all patients the functional score was 25.6/30 (Rasmussen 1973). The bioabsorbable implants can be used for fixation of proximal tibial cancellous bone osteotomies and fractures and avulsion fractures with good or moderate results.