IL-33与绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性研究

目的 探索血清白细胞介素-33(IL-33)与绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法测定50例绝经后骨质疏松患者和50例正常绝经后妇女血清IL-33水平。采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测量患者和对照组的骨密度(BMD)。检测维生素D、钙、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,以及1型胶原C末端肽(CTX)和1型前胶原N端前肽(P1NP)等骨转换指标。结果 在绝经后骨质疏松症女性中,IL-33水平显著低于健康对照组[(3.53±2.45) pg/mL vs (13.72±5.39) pg/mL,P=0.007];Spearman相关分析表明血清IL-33水平与年龄、BMI、PTH、CTX和P1NP水平呈负相关,与腰椎BMD和股骨颈BMD呈正相关。多元回归分析表明,年龄、BMI、腰椎BMD、PTH、股骨颈BMD和血清CTX和P1NP水平是骨质疏松症患者血清IL-33水平降低的独立预测因子。结论 血清IL-33降低是绝经后骨质疏松患者股骨颈和腰椎骨密度降低和骨转换增速的危险因素。     

血清羧化不全骨钙素对绝经后女性骨质疏松症诊疗意义的探讨

目的检测绝经后女性血清羧化不全骨钙素(ucOC)的水平,并探讨其影响因素及其对绝经后女性骨质疏松症诊疗的意义。方法选择南京医科大学附属南京医院2015年07月至2016年12月在骨科门诊就诊的绝经后女性患者108例,依据骨密度检查将这些患者分为骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组;记录其年龄、身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)、绝经年龄、骨密度(BMD)等相关资料;抽取外周血测定碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血钙、血磷、羧化不全骨钙素(ucOC)的水平,并对上述资料进行相关的统计学分析。结果绝经后女性骨质疏松组患者的血清ucOC水平与非骨质疏松组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清ucOC水平是骨质疏松症的影响因素(OR=2.806,P0.05)。(2)血清ucOC水平与腰椎骨密度呈负相关(r=-0.395,P0.05),但与髋关节骨密度无显著相关性(r=-0.248,P0.05)。结论血清ucOC水平的变化与绝经后女性骨质疏松症的发生关系密切,血清高ucOC水平是绝经后女性骨质疏松症发生的危险因素;推断血清ucOC水平对于绝经后女性骨质疏松症早期的预测和筛查具有参考意义     

绝经后女性血清硒水平与骨质疏松骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性研究

目的探索血清硒水平与绝经后妇女骨代谢指标以及腰椎和髋部骨密度之间相关性。方法检测156例正常骨密度和162例骨质疏松症的血清硒、25-羟基维生素D、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr等指标水平。腰椎和股骨颈的BMD通过双能X线吸收法测量。探索了血清硒水平与骨密度的关系。结果骨质疏松症女性的血清硒水平低于正常骨密度的女性(P0.05)。在骨质疏松症妇女中,血清硒水平与年龄、绝经年限、BMI、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr水平呈负相关,与25-羟基维生素D水平呈正相关。在正常骨密度组,血清硒水平与这些参数均未发现明显的相关性。调整年龄和BMI后,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度与血清硒及25-羟基维生素D水平呈显著正相关,与绝经年限、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr呈负相关。对年龄和BMI进行调整后,进行多元回归分析以确定BMD的预测因子,血清硒和PINP、CTX是腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的显著预测因子。结论绝经后女性患者血清硒水平降低与腰椎和股骨颈骨密度降低密切有关。     

血清锌、铜和脂质水平与绝经后妇女骨密度相关性研究

目的比较绝经后骨质疏松症女性和健康对照人群的血清锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)和血脂水平,并确定上述参数与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)之间是否存在关联。方法研究对象为116名绝经后妇女,包括58例骨质疏松症患者[骨质疏松组,年龄(58.9±3.7)岁]和58名对照者[健康对照组,年龄(55.1±1.9)岁]。使用原子吸收分光光度法测定血清锌和铜含量,通过双能X线骨密度仪检测所有女性腰椎(L1～4)和左侧股骨颈的骨密度。结果两组患者血清锌和铜含量相近(P0.05);骨质疏松组血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和总胆固醇(TC)水平与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);相关分析显示体质量指数(bone mass index, BMI)与BMD值之间存在显著相关性(P0.05);血清Zn、Cu水平与血脂无显著相关性(P0.05);BMD与LDL(r=-0.302,P=0.002)和总胆固醇水平(r=-0.252,P=0.007)之间呈负相关。结论本研究表明血脂异常可能是绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的独立危险因素。此外,微量元素对BMD没有直接和相关的影响。     

血清催产素浓度与绝经后女性骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨催产素与绝经后妇女骨代谢指标以及腰椎和髋部骨密度之间相关性。方法检测185例骨密度正常和132例患骨质疏松症女性的血清催产素、瘦素、雌激素和骨代谢指标浓度。腰椎和股骨颈的BMD通过双能X线吸收法测量。结果患骨质疏松症女性的血清催产素浓度低于骨密度正常的女性(P0.05)。骨质疏松症组中血清催产素浓度与年龄、绝经年限、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和血清PINP、BLAP和CTX浓度呈负相关;与瘦素和雌激素具有明显正相关性;在正常骨密度组中,血清催产素浓度和各种指标未发现明显的相关性。调整年龄和BMI后,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度仍然与绝经年限以及血清PINP、BLAP和CTX浓度呈负相关,与雌激素、瘦素和催产素浓度呈正相关。对年龄和BMI进行调整后,进行多元回归分析显示绝经年限、血清催产素、PINP和CTX是腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的显著预测因子。结论绝经后女性患者较高的血清催产素水平与较高的腰椎和股骨颈骨密度有关。     

绝经后骨质疏松症妇女血清痩素水平与骨密度的关系

目的 观察绝经后骨质疏松症妇女血清瘦素水平与骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)的相关性。方法 ELISA法检测32名绝经后骨质疏松症妇女(绝经组)和27名体重指数(BMI)相匹配的非绝经正常对照者(非绝经组)的空腹血清瘦素浓度,双能X线骨密度仪测定受试者腰椎BMD、BMC、T值、Z值。结果 绝经组和非绝经组的血清瘦素浓度分别为12.43±7.90ng/ml和11.76±4.42ng/ml,两组之间无差异;两组血清瘦素浓度均与体重、BMI和脂肪含量(Fat％)显著正相关,绝经组的瘦素水平与BMD及BMC无相关性,非绝经组瘦素浓度与BMDIL3和BMCL5相关(r=0.132,P<0.05;r=0.140,P<0.05),但调整BMI后瘦素浓度与BMD及BMC:的相关性消失(r=0.079,P>0.05;r=0.067,P>0.05)。结论成年妇女瘦素水平与体重、体脂及脂肪含量显著相关,瘦素不是绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的主要影响因素。     

绝经后妇女血脂水平与骨密度的关系

目的 明确绝经后妇女血脂水平与骨密度有否联系。方法 测定85例绝经后妇女的甘油三酯和胆固醇水平，双能X线法测定腰椎k2-4和股骨颈的骨密度(BMD)。结果 与未绝经妇女相比，绝经后妇女甘油三酯(t=3．74，P=0．000)和胆固醇(t=3．75，P=0．000)水平均显著升高；而BMD腰椎k(t=2．43，P=0．017)和股骨颈(t=3．32，P=0．002)均显著降低；绝经后妇女甘油三酯水平与股骨颈的BMD经BMI校正后有显著负相关，偏相关系数r=-0．324，P=0．003；而与腰椎k2-4 BMD无相关。胆固醇水平则与股骨颈及腰椎k2-4的BMD均无相关性。结论 绝经后妇女甘油三酯水平的升高可能是绝经后骨量减少及骨质疏松发生的因素之一。     

骨硬化蛋白水平与绝经后妇女体脂含量及骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨绝经后妇女血清骨硬化蛋白水平与体脂含量及骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)之间的相关性。方法 对230名年龄在50~75岁之间健康的绝经后妇女进行横断面研究。通过双能X射线吸收仪测量受试者全身、腰椎、左侧股骨BMD及全身脂肪和肌肉含量。通过定量夹心酶联免疫吸附法测量受试者血清骨硬化蛋白水平。结果 与非骨质疏松症的女性相比,骨质疏松女性血清硬化蛋白水平显著降低(P <0.05)。血清骨硬化蛋白水平与体重和脂肪量呈正相关(P <0.05)。即使在校正年龄、绝经年龄、身高和体重之后,骨硬化蛋白水平与全身及各个部位的BMD均呈正相关(P <0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,与年龄、绝经年龄、脂肪量和肌肉量相比,血清骨硬化蛋白水平是全身和腰椎BMD最重要的决定因素(P <0.05)。年龄与血清硬化蛋白对髋部BMD的影响相似。结论 在绝经后妇女中,骨质疏松症患者的血清硬化蛋白水平低于非骨质疏松症患者。血清硬化蛋白与全身、腰椎、髋部的BMD和体脂含量呈正相关。     

绝经前女性特发性骨质疏松症的临床特点分析

目的了解上海地区绝经前女性中特发性骨质疏松症患者骨密度、骨转换指标及其他临床特点。方法 2005年9月至2016年12月在上海市第一人民医院骨质疏松门诊就诊的1043名绝经前女性中,选取资料齐全、符合入组标准条件的特发性骨质疏松症患者、继发性骨质疏松症患者及骨量正常者共99名,分为特发性骨质疏松症组(28例)、继发性骨质疏松症组(15例)及正常对照组(56名)3组。采用回顾性统计分析记录所有研究对象的一般资料,生化指标[钙(Ca)、磷(P)、25(OH)D]、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨转换指标(bone turnover marker,BTM)、骨折史等临床资料。结果 (1)特发性骨质疏松症组腰椎、股骨颈及全髋BMD均明显低于正常对照组(t=-3.794,P0.01;t=-4.080,P0.01;t=-5.632,P0.01)。两组间钙、磷、25(OH)D水平比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.120,P0.05;t=0.121,P0.05;t=0.004,P0.05)。特发性骨质疏松症组血清骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)、血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(type 1 collagen carboxy terminal peptide,β-CTX)水平与正常对照组相比有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.605,P0.05;t=1.543,P0.05)。(2)继发性骨质疏松症组腰椎BMD显著低于特发性骨质疏松症组(P=0.035),股骨颈及全髋BMD差异无统计学意义(P=0.298、0.223)。继发性骨质疏松症组血清OC、血清β-CTX水平均显著高于正常对照组(P=0.020,P0.01);继发性骨质疏松症组血清OC水平与特发性骨质疏松症组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),血清β-CTX水平均显著高于特发性骨质疏松症组(P0.01)。结论女性特发性骨质疏松症患者发病与Ca、P、25(OH)D缺乏无关,遗传性因素或许为发病的主要原因,而骨代谢的高转换状态可能为其发病的主要机制。     

凝溶胶蛋白与绝经后女性股骨颈及腰椎骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨凝溶胶蛋白(GSN)在绝经后女性血浆中的水平并分析与股骨颈及腰椎骨密度(BMD)的相关性。方法选取我院2015年1月至2019年5月期间在我院正常体检人员。纳入绝经后女性110名。与此同时,在我院体检中心选择非绝经期女性110例。采用Hologic?QDR-4500 DXA骨密度仪测定股骨颈、腰椎(L_1-L_4)的BMD。BMD数据以g/cm~2和T评分表示。T评分-2.5定义为骨质疏松症,T评分在-1～-2.5间定义为骨量减少,T评分-1定义为骨密度正常(正常BMD组)。骨质疏松症或骨量减少定义为低BMD组,骨密度正常定义为正常BMD组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定GSN水平。结果绝经后女性年龄、SBP、DBP、TC、FBS高于绝经前女性(P0.05);而股骨颈-BMD、腰椎(L_1-L_4)-BMD、GSN低于绝经前女性(P0.05)。股骨颈-BMD组中,低BMD组的年龄、吸烟比例、TC、FBS、GSN高于正常BMD组(P0.05);而BMI、HDL低于正常BMD组(P0.05)。腰椎(L_1-L_4)-BMD组中,低BMD组的年龄、TC、FBS、GSN高于正常BMD组(P0.05);而BMI、HDL低于正常BMD组(P0.05)。股骨颈-BMD与年龄、吸烟、FBS、pGSN呈负相关(r=-0.435、-0.301、-0.243、-0.609),与HDL、BMI呈正相关(r=0.395、0.365)。腰椎(L_1-L_4)-BMD与年龄、p GSN呈负相关(r=-0.463、-0.433),与BMI呈正相关(r=0.398)。年龄、BMI、GSN是股骨颈-BMD独立影响因素;年龄、GSN是腰椎(L1-L4)-BMD独立影响因素。结论 GSN是股骨颈-BMD、腰椎(L_1-L_4)-BMD的独立影响因素。因此,GSN水平升高可能预测绝经后女性骨质疏松症的发生及进展。     

跖骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗

[目的]回顾总结跖骨骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗方法。[方法]自1995年～2005年采用显微外科技术治疗214例跖骨骨外露骨感染患者。[结果]全部病例获得随访1～10年，平均随访3年，14例游离植皮术后皮肤成活良好，199例术后皮瓣全部成活，1例腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣移位修复术出现远端部分皮肤坏死，后经换药处理后，伤口自然愈合。皮瓣移植术后质地良好，无溃疡复发。患足均可负重走路。[结论]应用显微外科技术治疗跖骨骨感染骨外露可获得较好的疗效。     

Assessment of bone density and bone loss

Osteoporosis International - Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry has become the standard for the evaluation of osteoporosis. It is useful both for identifying those people who are going to be at risk...     

Spinal fusions: bone and bone substitutes

Vertebral arthrodesis is one of the most commonly performed, yet incompletely understood, procedures in spinal surgery. Despite major progress in internal fixation techniques, the high rate of non-unions indicates that physiologic, biologic and molecular events that are crucial to this process are not well known. This article will analyze the general biology of bone regeneration, and particularly discuss the properties and use of various bone graft materials and graft substitutes. Received: 9 August 2000/Accepted: 11 August 2000     

Trabecular bone remodeling and bone balance in hyperthyroidism

In vivo tetracycline double-labeled iliac crest bone biopsies from 15 hyperthyroid patients were used for the reconstruction of curves describing the variation of resorption depth and formation thickness with time. The curves emerging were compared to curves reconstructed from 13 age- and sex-matched normal individuals (mean age 44 years). The median function period for resorptive cells in hyperthyroid patients (16 days) was about one-third the resorptive period in normals (51 days). No significant difference between the osteoclast-, mononuclear-, or preosteoblast-like cell resorption depths could be demonstrated between the two groups. Consequently, the median resorption rate in hyperthyroid patients (3.8 μm/day) was more than 3 times higher than the value in the control group (1.1 μm/day). Median Sigma_f, was shorter in the hyperthyroid group (109 days) than in the control group (151 days, P < 0.05), as was the median initial mineralization lag time (5 and 16 days, respectively, P < 0.01). No significant difference between the measured mean completed wall thickness (mcwT) values in the hyperthyroid groups and the control group could be demonstrated (58.1 and 60.5 μm respectively). Median initial mineralization rate in the hyperthyroid group (1.2 μm³/μm² per day) was not significantly higher than the value calculated in the control group (0.9 μm³/ μm² per day), but median initial matrix appositional rate in hyperthyroids (4.8 μm³/μm² per day) was 3 times higher than the value calculated for normals (1.6 μm³/μm² per day) (P < 0.01). Direct measurements of mean completed wall thickness in the hyperthyroid group gave results (58.1 μm) that were not in accordance with the mean completed wall thickness calculated from the growth curve (52.1 μm, P < 0.02). In normals no such discrepancy could be demonstrated. Using the mcwT value estimated from the growth curve, the bone formation period was calculated to 90 days for hyperthyroid patients. This maximal estimate for mcwT was also significantly lower than the mean resorption depth measured in the hyperthyroid group (61.7 μm, P < 0.05), which means that a net negative balance per remodeling cycle existed in the hyperthyroid group. Bone balance was preserved in the control group.     

骨胶原与骨质疏松骨密度及骨生物力学的相关性研究

目的探讨骨胶原含量在绝经后骨质疏松症的发生、发展及在骨质疏松性骨折中的作用。方法取7个月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠60只，随机分为四组，A组：对照组（sham组）；B组：切除卵巢组；C组：切除卵巢＋雌激素治疗组；D组：切除卵巢＋降钙素治疗组。除A组外，其他三组通过切除双侧卵巢法12周后制成骨质疏松模型，24周后分别行k的力学特性、右侧股骨三点弯曲试验、羟脯氨酸含量、k骨密度（BMD）测定，Masson三色染色法显示骨胶原形态。结果A、C、D组与B组在k羟脯氨酸含量、BMD、k压缩力学参数值、右侧股骨生物力学参数值、骨胶原染色含量及形态方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而A、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。统计学分析显示羟脯氨酸含量与BMD及骨生物力学参数值呈直线相关性。结论骨质疏松的发生与骨胶原含量下降有关。骨胶原含量的下降与BMD降低及骨生物力学改变呈相关性。应用雌激素和降钙素治疗去势后骨质疏松大鼠，不仅可以提高其BMD含量和骨生物力学性能，而且还可以提高骨胶原的含量。     

Repair of long bone defects with demineralized bone matrix and autogenous bone composite

Background:

Repair of diaphyseal bone defects is a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. In large bone defects the quantity of harvested autogenous bone may not be sufficient to fill the gap and then the use of synthetic or allogenic grafts along with autogenous bone becomes mandatory to achieve compact filling. Finding the optimal graft mixture for treatment of large diaphyseal defects is an important goal in contemporary orthopedics and this was the main focus of this study. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and autogenous cancellous bone (ACB) graft composite in a rabbit bilateral ulna segmental defect model.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-seven adult female rabbits were divided into five groups. A two-centimeter piece of long bone on the midshaft of the ulna was osteotomized and removed from the rabbits’ forearms. In group 1 (n=7) the defects were treated with ACB, in group 2 (n=7) with DBM, and in group 3 (n=7) with ACB and DBM in the ratio of 1:1. Groups 4 and 5, with three rabbits in each group, were the negative and positive controls, respectively. Twelve weeks after implantation the rabbits were sacrificed and union was evaluated with radiograph (Faxitron), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and histological methods (decalcified sectioning).

Results:

Union rates and the volume of new bone in the different groups were as follows: group 1 - 92.8% union and 78.6% new bone; group 2 - 72.2% union and 63.6% new bone; and group 3 - 100% union and 100% new bone. DEXA results (bone mineral density [BMD]) were as follows: group 1 - 0.164 g/cm², group 2 - 0.138 g/cm², and group 3 - 0.194 g/cm².

Conclusions:

DBM serves as a graft extender or enhancer for autogenous graft and decreases the need of autogenous bone graft in the treatment of bone defects. In this study, the DBM and ACB composite facilitated the healing process. The union rate was better with the combination than with the use of any one of these grafts alone.