滑膜切除对全膝关节置换术治疗骨性关节炎临床效果的影响

目的探讨滑膜切除对全膝关节置换术治疗骨性关节炎临床效果的影响。方法回顾性分析自2011-07—2014-12诊治的105例膝关节骨性关节炎,分为试验组和对照组,试验组(56例)行膝关节置换术与滑膜切除术,对照组(49例)只行膝关节置换术。记录并比较2组手术时间、术后引流量、隐性失血量、输血率及住院时间等,术前和术后随访时进行VAS评分、KSS评分及测量关节活动度。结果试验组获得随访(17.0±4.2)个月,对照组获得随访(15.0±3.1)个月。试验组手术时间、隐性失血量、术后引流量较对照组多,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),2组住院时间及输血率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后4周及1年随访时VAS评分、KSS临床评分、KSS功能评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后3 d及术后7 d关节活动度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与单纯行膝关节置换术相比,膝关节置换同时行滑膜切除术在治疗骨性关节炎上无优势,然而行滑膜切除术会导致更多的体内失血,延长手术时间,从而增加了手术风险。     

全膝关节置换术与单髁置换术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效

目的探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)与单髁置换术(UKA)治疗膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)的疗效。方法将181例KOA患者根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(采用TKA,100例)和观察组(采用UKA,81例)。末次随访时,采用HSS评分评价膝关节功能,采用LKSS评分及AKS评分评价运动功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间3～6(3.24±1.05)个月。末次随访时,LKSS评分、HSS评分及AKS评分两组均较术前改善(P 0.05),观察组均高于对照组(P 0.05)。结论与TKA比较,UKA治疗KOA具有疗效好、膝关节功能恢复快的优点,可提高患者生活质量。     

类风湿性关节炎与骨性关节炎行全膝关节置换术时失血量的探讨

目的比较类风湿性关节炎（RA）与骨性关节炎（OA）行人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）时的失血量,为制定适宜的输血方案提供参考依据。方法实施TKA的RA（30例）与OA（62例）共92个膝关节为研究对象,筛选时制定了严格的剔除方案,比较两组行TKA时总失血量。结果RA组TKA的平均失血量为（334.33±221.87）ml,OA组TKA的平均失血量为（495.97±242.83）ml。两组失血量的比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论不同膝关节疾病行TKA时失血量有差异,因而在制定输血方案时应因病制宜。     

全膝关节置换术中滑膜切除对术后功能恢复及失血影响的临床研究

[目的]探讨初次全膝关节置换术(TKA)中滑膜切除对围手术期失血量及膝关节功能恢复的影响。[方法]回顾分析2012年3月~2013年2月初次接受TKA治疗且符合选择标准的膝骨关节炎患者205例,其中102例患者术中切除滑膜(试验组),103例患者术中保留滑膜(对照组)。两组患者基本资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。记录并比较两组患者术后红细胞压积(hematocrit,Hct)、Hb、隐性失血量、显性失血量及理论总失血量,以及两组手术时间、住院时间、患肢膝上10 cm周径增加率、VAS评分、关节活动度、HSS评分、WOMAC评分等指标。[结果]术后3 d试验组Hb及Hct低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。试验组显性失血量、隐性失血量及理论总失血量均多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。试验组手术时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后3 d两组VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。术后3 d及7d,试验组患肢肿胀程度较对照组严重,膝上10 cm周径增加率比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后患者均获随访,两组患者膝关节功能均有明显改善,术后4周及12个月两组患者的HSS评分较术前提高,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。术后4周及12个月两组患者的WOMAC评分较术前减低,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。所有患者术后切口均一期愈合,未出现脂肪液化、切口裂开及感染等并发症。两组均没有发生有临床症状的肺栓塞、深静脉血栓形成以及相关并发症。[结论]TKA术中同时行滑膜切除术延长了手术时间及增加了术后出血量,而对患者术后疼痛的缓解和功能的恢复并无明显作用。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎

目的分析人工全膝表面置换治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法对21例29膝的膝骨性关节炎病例行人工膝关节置换术,单膝关节置换13例,双膝关节置换8例,全部采用后方稳定性假体。结果随访6~47个月,平均22.6个月,采用HSS评分系统进行分析,优15例,良5例,可1例。患者术后在疼痛、功能方面都有明显改善。结论全膝关节表面置换术对治疗严重膝骨性关节炎效果满意。术中精确的截骨操作、正确的软组织松解及术后指导康复是手术治疗成功的关键。     

全膝关节置换术治疗晚期膝骨性关节炎

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗晚期膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效.方法 采用TKA治疗30例晚期膝骨性关节炎老年患者(33膝).比较手术前后膝关节最大被动屈曲度、HSS评分、疼痛VAS评分,采用HSS评分标准评价膝关节功能恢复情况.结果 患者均获得随访,时间6～24个月.未出现术后切口感染、深静脉血栓、假体松动等并发症...     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗晚期骨性关节炎

目的总结全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎的经验,探讨其治疗效果。方法对215例（226膝）骨性关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换术,应用KSS膝关节评分系统进行疗效分析。结果178例获得随访,时间15d～11年5个月,平均（29±8．2）个月,膝关节评分平均（87±3．9）分,优良率91．5％;膝关节功能评分平均（76±9．9）分,优良率66．6％。结论全膝关节表面置换术对于严重膝骨性关节炎的疼痛缓解、功能改善方面有良好疗效。     

全膝关节置换术隐性失血的初步研究

目的研究人工全膝关节置换术(totalkneearthroplasty,TKA)的隐性失血。方法对73例TKA患者进行回顾性分析,通过Gross方程推算术后平均隐性失血量。结果TKA组中使用自体血回输患者的总失血量为1625ml,隐性失血量为774ml(48%);未使用自体血回输患者的总失血量是1345ml,隐性失血量是783ml(58%);实际上两组的隐性失血相差不大。结论TKA隐性失血量占总失血量的比例为52%,且使用自体血回输不能完全满足机体恢复体循环的需要,在围手术期要特别注意及时补充血容量。     

全膝关节置换术后隐性失血危险因素的分析

目的探讨全膝关节置换术后的隐性失血量,并分析影响隐性失血的相关因素。方法收集48例行初次单侧全膝关节置换术的患者,其中女42例,男6例;年龄29～79岁,平均年龄65岁。通过Gross方程,根据患者身高、体重和手术前后的红细胞压积(Hct)计算患者的总失血量,减去显性失血量后得隐性失血量。分析年龄、性别、诊断、身高、体重、BMI、术中出血量、术后引流量、术者以及止血带时间、手术时间与隐性失血的相关性。结果术中出血量为(541±271)mL(200～1700mL),术后引流量为(479±249)mL(50～1010mL),显性出血量为(1020±327)mL(440～2 220 mL),总失血量为(1 963±734)mL(92～3 926 mL),隐性失血量为(942±692)mL(-502～2 716 mL)。因此,隐性失血占总失血的48.0%。隐性失血与身高、体重都有明显正相关,但与BMI没有明显相关性,另外,隐性失血还与术后引流量呈明显负相关。结论全膝关节置换术后隐性失血量约占总失血量的一半,应引起我们足够的重视,并且术后引流量少时更不能忽视隐性失血的存在。     

Effect of Multiple Doses of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Perioperative Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Study

ObjectiveTo identify the efficacy and safety of multiple doses of intravenous tranexamic acid (IV‐TXA) following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a tourniquet.MethodsThis is a single‐blind randomized controlled study that recruited osteoarthritis patients who had undergone primary unilateral TKA from May 2019 to May 2020 at our medical center. A total of 300 patients were randomly divided into three groups to receive: one dose (1 g) of IV‐TXA before skin incision combined with one dose (1.5 g) of intra‐articular tranexamic acid（IA‐TXA) followed by a single dose of IV‐TXA (1 g) for 3 h (group A); two doses of IV‐TXA (1 g) for 3 and 6 h (group B); or three doses of IV‐TXA (1 g) for 3, 6, and 12 h (group C) postoperatively. TKA with a tourniquet was performed by the same surgical team. The primary outcomes were total blood cell loss (TBL), hidden blood loss (HBL), maximum hemoglobin (Hb) drop, and transfusion rate. Secondary outcomes were levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and D‐dimer, and the incidence of postoperative complications. One‐way analysis of variance, subgroup analysis, and multivariate correlation analysis were used to calculate the differences among the three groups.ResultsThe study included 56 male and 244 female patients aged 60–80 years. The mean TBL, the mean HBL, and the maximum Hb drop in group C (471.2 ± 190.6 mL, 428.4 ± 190.3 mL, and 21.2 ± 3.8 g/L, respectively) were significantly lower than those in groups B (563.4 ± 224.6 mL, P = 0.030; 519.9 ± 226.4 mL, P = 0.033; and 23.2 ± 4.1 g/L, P = 0.001, respectively), and A (651.6 ± 254.1 mL, P < 0.001; 607.1 ± 254.3 mL, P < 0.001; and 25.1 ± 4.3 g/L, P < 0.001, respectively). No transfusions were required. The postoperative acute inflammatory reaction was less problematic for patients in Group C, and the incidence of thromboembolic events was similar among the groups (P > 0.05). In addition, there were positive correlations between the HBL and the tourniquet inflation time (r = 0.844, P < 0.001). Similarly, the level of CRP on POD1 (r = 0.393, P < 0.001) and POD3 (r = 0.149, P = 0.010), and the level of D‐dimer on POD1 (r = 0.382, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with the HBL.ConclusionThree doses of postoperative IV‐TXA decreased blood loss and diminished the postoperative inflammatory and fibrinolytic response more than a single dose or two doses in elderly patients following TKA without increasing the incidence of adverse events.     

Bone Wax Is Effective in Reducing Blood Loss After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with major blood loss and blood transfusion is often required. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bone wax in reducing blood loss and transfusion rates after TKA.

The Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss and Transfusion Rate in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Allogeneic blood transfusions remain common in primary total knee arthroplasty. We reviewed our experience with 2269 consecutive primary total knee arthroplasties in 2069 patients over a 3.5 year period. In our cohort, 1838 received no TXA, 330 received TXA via IV infusion, and 130 had TXA applied topically. The need for blood transfusion, as well as hematocrit levels immediately after surgery in the recovery room and the day of discharge were recorded. Tranexamic acid infusion demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in blood transfusion (P = 0.001), as did topical application of TXA (P = 0.019). The transfusion rate without TXA was 6.5% (120/1839) but only 0.3% (1/330) with TXA infusion. There were no transfusions (0/130) with topical TXA. Statistical differences were also noted in both immediate post operative and day of discharge hematocrit levels in patients having TXA infusion while those values for patients with TXA irrigation failed to obtain statistical significance. No significant change in the rate of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism was noted.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗重症膝关节疾病的临床疗效

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术治疗严重膝关节疾病的临床疗效及方法。方法：2004年6月-2009年6月，对92例重症膝关节疾病（106膝）使用后稳定型TKA。其中9例（10膝）为类风湿性关节炎，3例（3膝）为创伤性关节炎，80例（93膝）为晚期严重骨性关节炎，5例（5膝）合并外翻畸形，50例（60膝）合并内翻畸形。所有患者进行10个月．5年（平均30个月）的随访，并应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析。结果：手术优良率为94．34％，患者术后在膝关节疼痛、功能及关节活动度等方面都有明显改善，提高了生活质量，各种并发症的发生率低。结论：人工全膝关节置换术是治疗严重膝关节疾病的有效方法，严格适应证的选择、正确进行TKA的手术操作、各种并发症的防治和积极术后康复锻炼是取得满意临床效果的保证。     

自体血回输在类风湿性关节炎全膝关节置换术后的临床应用

目的：探讨自体血回输在类风湿性关节炎全膝关节术后的临床应用。方法：2000年11月至2003年12月,在346例类风湿性关节炎(478膝)全膝关节置换术后使用自体血回输,记录引流量、回输量及并发症。结果：术后引流共369770ml,回输312995ml,占回输量的84．6％,平均每例回输904．61ml,无患者出现输血反应,无其他并发症。结论：自体血回输应用于类风湿性关节炎全膝关节置换术后是安全有效的,可节约血源,避免血液传播疾病的发生。     

Comparison Between Intravenous and Intra-articular Regimens of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss During Total Knee Arthroplasty

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug used widely to prevent bleeding. Its use in reducing bleeding during total knee arthroplasty surgery is well proven but there is no final consensus regarding the regimen. The purpose of our study was to compare the effectiveness of intravenous and intra-articular regimen of tranexamic acid during the total knee arthroplasty surgery. A total of 40 patients were received three doses of intravenous tranexamic acid during total knee arthroplasty surgery. Intra-articular tranexamic acid was used in 40 patients during the surgery. We concluded that intra-articular tranexamic acid is equally effective as three dose intravenous regimen in reducing blood loss during total knee arthroplasty surgery.