血浆硫化氢水平与支气管哮喘的相关性研究

目的观察支气管哮喘患者血浆硫化氢（H2S）水平的变化,研究其与支气管哮喘的相关性。方法 70例支气管哮喘分为哮喘缓解期组30例,轻度急性发作期组10例,中度急性发作期组12例,重度急性发作期组18例和正常对照组15例,采用去蛋白法紫外可见分光光度测定血浆H2S水平并检测肺功能和测定诱导痰细胞的计数和分类。结果 15例正常对照组的血浆H2S水平为（73.23±12.85）μmol/L,30例哮喘缓解期组的血浆H2S水平为（57.22±12.62）μmol/L,急性发作期组中轻度（10例）、中度（12例）、重度（18例）的血浆H2S水平分别为（54.18±6.15）μmol/L、（42.30±5.08）μmol/L和（34.15±2.14）μmol/L。急性发作期的血浆H2S水平组显著低于缓解期组（P〈0.01）,而且轻度、中度与重度之间的差异均有统计学意义（F=40.348,P〈0.01）。测试结果表明,H2S水平与支气管哮喘发作有相关性（r=0.723,P〈0.01）。急性发作患者的血浆H2S水平与FEV1.0%预计值（r=0.845,P〈0.01）和诱导痰巨噬细胞%（r=0.816,P〈0.01）呈正相关。与诱导痰细胞总数、中性粒细胞%及诱导痰嗜酸细胞%呈负相关（r=-0.406、-0.892和-0.638,P〈0.01）。结论患者血浆H2S水平降低,与支气管哮喘发生、发展相关,可能参与哮喘的发病,内源性H2S作为一种无创性指标监测疾病的严重程度和活动度具有一定意义。     

哮喘患者血浆硫化氢水平与血清白细胞介素35的相关性分析

目的探讨血浆硫化氢(H2S)与血清白细胞介素-35(IL-35)的相关性,并分析其在支气管哮喘中的应用价值。方法随访135例支气管哮喘治疗后病情稳定的出院患者,根据患者入院时病情将其分为哮喘缓解期(A组)35例,轻度急性发作期(B组)25例,中度急性发作期(C组)25例,重度急性发作期(D组)20例以及30例健康者为对照组,测定上述各组H2S水平及血清IL-35,同时对各组痰细胞进行分类并计数,并检测各组肺功能。结果对照组、A组、B组、C组、D组H2S水平分别为(74.32±12.58)μmol/L、(57.22±12.45)μmol/L、(54.18±6.23)μmol/L、(42.32±5.12)μmol/L及(34.12±2.18)μmol/L;B、C、D组患者血浆H2S水平显著低于A组及对照组(P<0.05),而D组患者显著低于B、C组(P<0.05)。B、C、D组血清IL-35水平分别为(275.6±34.5)pg/mL、(215.2±75.2)pg/mL、(158.2±43.6)pg/mL,低于A组(386.5±115.6)pg/mL及对照组(391.2±120.3)pg/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而A组及对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示:急性发作期患者H2S水平与IL-35(r=0.412,P=0.002)、第1秒用力呼气的容积(FEV1)(r=0.351,P=0.010)、PEF占预计值百分比(r=0.337,P=0.024)、FEV1与用力呼吸肺活师(FVC)的比值(r=0.411,P=0.015)呈正相关,与诱导痰细胞总数(r=-0.310,P=0.012)、嗜酸粒细胞百分比(r=-0.362,P=0.021)呈负相关。结论随着支气管哮喘患者病情的发展,其血浆中H2S水平及血清IL-35显著下降,且H2S与血清IL-35具有相关性,可作为哮喘控制水平的评价指标。     

支气管哮喘患者血浆中尾加压素Ⅱ的变化及其意义

目的 探讨尾加压素Ⅱ(UⅡ)在支气管哮喘发病巾的意义.方法 采用放射免疫法测定哮喘患者在急性发作期和临床缓解期血浆中UⅡ含量,并常规进行肺功能检测.结果 28例哮喘患者在急性发作期和临床缓解期血浆UⅡ含量分别为(1.65±0.31)μg/L及(1.27±0.38)μg/L,二者差异显著(t=4.692,P<0.01);急性发作期血浆UⅡ含量随病情恶化而升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性与女性之间、吸烟与不吸烟之间血浆UⅡ含量差异无统计学意义(P>01 05);哮喘急性发作期血浆UⅡ含量与第1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值百分比呈负相关(r=0.325,P<0.05).结论 哮喘发作时血浆UⅡ含量增加,UⅡ可能参与哮喘的发病.     

阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者血浆硫化氢与同型半胱氨酸水平的变化及意义

目的 探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)、血管性痴呆(VD)患者血浆中硫化氢(H2S)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的变化及临床意义.方法 收集AD患者31例、VD患者28例、脑血管疾病(CVD)患者20例、正常对照组23名.全部对象均进行简明精神状态量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、Hachinski缺血指数(HIS)和Hamilton抑郁量表(HRSD)等检测,用全面衰退量表(GDS)分级.取空腹静脉血6 ml,迅速分离血浆并置于-70℃冰箱保存.分别测定血浆H2S及Hcy的含量,进行比较和相关性分析.结果 (1)AD组、VD组和CVD组血浆H2S水平均明显低于正常对照组[(34±7)μmol/L、(36±5)μmol/L、(37±7)μmol/L vs(45±7)μmol/L,均P<0.01];AD、VD和CVD3组之间血浆H2S水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).进一步的相关性分析显示:血浆H2S水平与AD患者的病情严重程度呈负相关.(2)AD组血浆Hcy为(14.0±3.0)μmol/L、VD组为(16.0±6.1)μmol/L、CVD组为(14.4±4.9)μmol/L,均明显高于正常对照组[(9.8±2.5)μmol/L,均P<0.01].进一步的相关性分析显示:血浆Hcy水平与AD及VD患者的病情严重程度均呈正相关(r=0.683、P<0.01,r=0.292、P<0.05).结论 AD和VD患者血浆H2S降低、Hcy升高,并与患者的病情严重程度密切相关.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血浆硫化氢的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血浆硫化氢(H2S)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法选取2011年1月至2015年1月我院呼吸科门诊和住院经多导睡眠仪(PSG)监测符合OSAHS的患者86例,其中轻度组25例,中度组32例,重度组29例,同期门诊体检健康者28例为对照组。四组入选者均在PSG监测次日晨醒后测定空腹血浆H2S水平,比较各组血浆H2S水平并分析其与PSG监测指标呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSpO2)的关系。结果轻度组患者血浆H2S水平为(41.23±1.63)μmol/L,与对照组的(42.12±2.11)μmol/L比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但中、重度组患者血浆H2S水平[(34.61±1.79)μmol/L]和(31.71±2.01)μmol/L]与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);轻、中、重度三组患者血浆H2S水平呈逐渐下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);血浆H2S水平与AHI呈负相关(轻度组：r=-0.285,P=0.026;中度组：r=-0.384,P=0.0021;重度组：r=-0.422,P=0.0065),与LSpO2呈正相关(轻度组：r=0.395,P=0.0023;中度组：r=0.422,r=0.0021;重度组：r=0.483,P=0.001)。结论 OSAHS患者血浆H2S水平下降,不仅和疾病严重程度相关,还和夜间缺氧程度有关,临床上血浆H2S可作为评估OSAHS患者病情严重程度的一个方便简易监测指标。     

支气管哮喘急性发作期患者血浆合肽素测定的临床意义

目的 探讨支气管哮喘急性发作期患者血浆合肽素测定的临床意义. 方法 选择46例支气管哮喘急性发作期患者和18例健康者(对照组)为研究对象,根据支气管哮喘患者急性发作期病情严重程度分为3组,其中轻～中度患者18例、重度患者15例、危重度患者13例,测定3组患者治疗前、后及对照组的血浆合肽素、血常规等指标,比较4组受检者相关指标有无差异.结果 治疗前危重度、重度、轻～中度支气管哮喘发作患者血浆合肽素水平分别为(1.08±0.21)μg/L、(0.72±0.16)μg/L、(0.46±0.10)μg/L,均明显高于对照组的(0.10±0.03)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗前3组支气管哮喘患者血浆合肽素水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).治疗后危重度、重度、轻～中度患者血浆合肽素水平分别为(0.13±0.03)μg/L、(0.15±0.04)μg/L和(0.12±0.04)μg/L,与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).支气管哮喘急性发作患者治疗前、治疗后血浆合肽素水平与PaO2均呈负相关(P<0.05),与PaCO2、血浆CRP水平、外周血白细胞总数均呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 血浆合肽素可作为判断支气管哮喘急性发作期患者病情严重程度及治疗疗效的一种观察指标.     

血浆一氧化氮水平与支气管哮喘的相关性研究

目的:观察支气管哮喘患者血浆一氧化氮水平的变化,研究其与支气管哮喘的相关性。方法:将70例支气管哮喘患者分为哮喘缓解期组30例,轻度急性发作期组10例,中度急性发作期组12例,重度急性发作期组18例;正常对照组15例,采用硝酸还原酶法测定血浆一氧化氮水平并检测肺功能和测定诱导痰细胞的计数及分类。结果:支气管哮喘患者的血浆一氧化氮水平显著高于正常对照组(P0.01),其中急性发作期组显著高于缓解期组(P0.01),急性发作期组中轻度、中度、重度三者之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。线性相关性分析显示,一氧化氮水平与支气管哮喘发作有相关性。研究对象所处的状态(健康、哮喘缓解期及哮喘发作期)与血浆一氧化氮水平明显相关(r=0.786,P0.01)。急性发作期患者血浆一氧化氮水平与FEV1.0%预计值(r=-0.872,P0.01)和诱导痰巨噬细胞百分比(r=-0.820,P0.01)呈负相关;与诱导痰细胞总数、中性粒细胞百分比及诱导痰嗜酸细胞百分比呈正相关(分别为0.857、0.816和0.825,P0.01)。结论:血浆一氧化氮水平升高,与支气管哮喘发生、发展相关,可能参与哮喘的发病,内源性一氧化氮作为一种无创性指标监测疾病的严重程度和活动度具有一定意义。     

急性发作期哮喘患儿外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞亚群及血浆总IgE水平分析

目的:检测急性发作期哮喘患儿外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th)亚群和血浆总IgE水平,并对二者的相关性进行分析。方法:以流式细胞术检测哮喘急性发作期患儿(30例)和对照组健康儿童(30例)的外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞亚群,并采用化学发光法检测其血浆总IgE水平。结果:(1)与对照组比较,急性发作期哮喘患儿Th1亚群百分比(14.7%±3.3%)和Th1/Th2比值(0.904±0.455)均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),而Th2亚群百分比(14.7%±3.3%)显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)急性发作期哮喘患儿血浆总IgE水平为272.2±129.7,明显高于对照组(46.8±28.5),(P<0.01)。(3)急性发作期哮喘患儿Th2亚群与血浆总IgE水平呈明显正相关(!=0.920,P<0.01);同时,其Th1/Th2比值与血浆总IgE水平呈明显负相关(γ=-0.832,P<0.05)。结论:急性发作期哮喘患儿外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞处于明显失衡状态,表现为Th1亚群百分比和Th1/Th2比值明显降低、Th2亚群百分比明显升高。同时,辅助性T淋巴细胞亚群状态与其血浆总IgE水平密切相关。     

呼出气冷凝液中亚硝酸盐在判定哮喘严重程度中的作用

目的 探讨哮喘患者呼出气冷凝液(EBC)中亚硝酸盐(NO2-)浓度与疾病严重程度的关系.方法 实验共纳入60名哮喘急性发作期患者(其中轻、中、重度患者分别为23、21、16名)和23名健康非吸烟者,哮喘患者就诊或入院初检测并记录肺功能;用EBC收集仪器采集标本,一氧化氮检测试剂盒及分光光度法测定EBC中NO2-的浓度;采用瑞氏染色计诱导痰嗜酸粒细胞百分比(Eos%).对NO2-浓度与诱导痰中Eos%、呼出50%肺活量时流速(MEF50%)及FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%)做相关性分析.结果 哮喘患者EBC中N2-浓度和诱导痰中Eos%显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01),轻度、中度和重度患者之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),且病情越重,两指标数值越高.哮喘患者EBC中NO2-浓度与诱导痰中Eos%呈显著正相关(r=0.706,P<0.01);与MEF50%及FEV1%呈显著负相关(r=0.806,P<0.01;r=0.724.P<0.01).结论 哮喘患者EBC中NO2-能作为评估急性哮喘严重程度的有效指标之一.     

支气管哮喘患儿血浆肾上腺髓质素、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平的变化

目的观察支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患儿血浆肾上腺髓质素(AM)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的变化以及与气道阻力值(Rint)、外周血氧分压(PaO2)的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法,检测30例哮喘急性发作期患儿(发作组)和30例缓解期患儿(缓解组)血浆的AM、TNF-α水平,且与Rint及PaO2进行相关分析。同时以30例健康儿童作为正常对照(对照组)。结果发作组血浆的AM、TNF-α分别为(31.45±6.51)、(1.73±0.49)ng/L,明显高于缓解组的(13.26±4.12)、(1.45±0.43)ng/L及对照组的(11.43±3.52)、(1.21±0.41)ng/L(P<0.01)。发作组血浆的AM水平与TNF-α水平、Rint呈正相关(r=0.58,P<0.01;r=0.73,P<0.01),与PaO2呈负相关(r=-0.55,P<0.01)。结论AM在支气管哮喘的急性发作中起着重要的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.