不同地区母乳中脂肪酸含量及初乳与成熟乳中脂肪酸含量的比较

背景：人乳中富含的长链多价不饱和脂肪酸(long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid，LCPUFAs)对婴儿的脑和视网膜的发育有着非常重要的作用，因此了解母乳中这些脂肪酸的含量十分必要。目的：研究中国不同地区母乳中多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)含量的差别。设计：横断面研究。地点、对象和方法：选择上海市区和郊区以及浙江省舟山群岛3个地区的健康产妇共196例，其中上海市区产妇60例，上海郊区(崇明县)产妇40例，浙江省舟山群岛产妇96例。采用石英毛细管柱气相色谱法对母乳中PUFA的含量进行了测定。主要观察指标：上海市区、上海郊区和浙江舟山地区母乳中脂肪酸的含量以及初乳与成熟乳中脂肪酸含量的比较。结果：上海市区产妇成熟母乳中亚油酸的含量[(27．30&;#177;5.86)％]显著高于郊区崇明县产妇母乳中亚油酸的含量[(20．18&;#177;3．86)％]，差异有非常显著性意义(t=6．770，P&;lt;0．001)，也显著高于浙江舟山地区成熟母乳中亚油酸的含量[(19．75&;#177;3．33)％](t=7．460，P&;lt;0．001)。而母乳中二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid，DHA)的含量在浙江舟山地区[(0．68&;#177;0．23)％]显著高于上海市区[(0．42+0．19)％]，差异有非常显著性意义(t=6．203，P&;lt;0．001)和上海郊区母乳中DHA的含量[(0．42&;#177;0．16)％]，差异有非常显著性意义(t=5．902，P&;lt;0．001。母乳中α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid，AA)的含量在上海市区和郊县以及与浙江舟山地区之间差别无显著性意义(P&;gt;0.05)。初乳中AA和DHA的含量，分别为(0．77&;#177;0．15)％和(0．80&;#177;026)％，显著高于成熟乳中AA和DHA的含量[分别为(0．57&;#177;0．11)％．(068&;#177;0．23)％]差异有显著性意义(t=7．248，P&;lt;0．001；t=2.236,P&;lt;0．05)。结论：不同地区由于饮食习惯不同，母乳中这些PUFA含量有较大差别。浙江舟山群岛居民由于膳食中鱼和海产类食物较多，故母乳中DHA的含量较上海地区明显高，但亚油酸的含量却明显低于上海市区。     

2-型糖尿病血清中游离脂肪酸与血糖及胰岛素抵抗关系的比较

【目的】探讨 2 型糖尿病 ( 2 DM )患者血清中游离脂肪酸 (FFA)浓度与胰岛素抵抗 (IR)的关系。【方法】放射免疫法 (RIA)测定胰岛素浓度、己糖激酶法测定葡萄糖 (GLU)、酶产色法测定空腹FFA浓度、2hFFA浓度 (PFFA)及其他生化指标。 86例患者 ,5 0例健康对照组行口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)和胰岛素释放试验 ,计算 30min后胰岛素和GLU浓度变化的比值 (△I3 0 /△G3 0 )、葡萄糖曲线下面积 (AUCG)和胰岛素曲线下面积 (AUCIN)。根据Cederholm公式计算胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)。【结果】与正常对照比较 ,2 DM空腹和2hFFA、AUCG、AUCIN、TG浓度显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,ISI、△I3 0 /△G3 0 显著降低 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 DM患者FFA与AUCG、AUCIN呈显著正相关 ,与△I3 0 /△G3 0 、ISI呈显著负相关。【结论】2 DM患者空腹血清FFA、胰岛素浓度升高 ;高浓度FFA使葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌受损 ,血糖浓度升高 ;并且间接反映IR的程度     

乳杆菌活菌胶囊协同人干扰素α-2b凝胶治疗HSIL患者CKC术后伴HR-HPV感染的效果及对IL-4、IL-10及TNF-α水平的影响

目的 探讨乳杆菌活菌胶囊协同人干扰素α-2b凝胶治疗高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL患者宫颈冷刀锥切术（CKC）术后伴高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染的效果及对白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年12月于北京市通州区妇幼保健院因HSIL行CKC术后伴HR-HPV感染者161例为研究对象,依据治疗方式差异分为对照组79例（予人干扰素α-2b凝胶治疗）与研究组82例（予乳杆菌活菌胶囊协同人干扰素α-2b凝胶治疗）。对比两组临床疗效、阴道微生态评分（Nugent）、宫颈局部微免疫指标水平[IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)]、宫颈病变组织中相关组织阳性表达率[吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶（IDO）、IL-10、IL-4、TNF-α]。结果 治疗后,对照组总有效率为83.54%,研究组总有效率为93.90%,对照组总有效率比研究组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;研究组阴道微生态环境恢复率（92.68%）比对照组（82.28%）高,p H值...     

多不饱和脂肪酸与产后抑郁的相关性研究

目的该文探讨产前和产后妇女体内的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)水平高低是否影响产后抑郁的发生率。方法选取102例足月顺产符合条件并自愿参与的产妇,留取产前及产后3、42d的血清进行PUFAs水平检测,填写围产期抑郁相关因素调查量表和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)进行评分,分析产后抑郁的发生率。结果在102例孕产妇中,出现产后抑郁者28例,阳性率为27.5%,二十碳五烯酸(EPA)低值组、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)低值组和中值组的产后抑郁发生率高于高值组;花生四烯酸(AA)高值组的产后抑郁发生率高于低值组。结论 EPA和DHA水平越低,越容易发生抑郁。     

DHA 与 EPA 合成超长链多不饱和脂肪酸的效率比较

目的：比较在ELOVL4蛋白酶催化作用下,DHA和EPA合成超长链多不饱和脂肪酸VLC-PUFA的效率。方法构建携带ELOVL4基因和绿色荧光蛋白的重组腺病毒,转入培养的 PC12细胞,通过qRT-PCR定量分析ELOVL 4基因的表达量,WB检测ELOVL4蛋白的表达;1∶1加入DHA和EPA,孵育48 h之后进行脂肪酸提取,通过气相质谱 GC-MS分析超长链脂肪酸的成分。结果 GC-MS检测到分别用DHA及EPA处理后的PC12＋Ad-ELOVL4的细胞中有n3 VLC-PUFA的表达,34：5n3和36：5n3分别为0.85％和1.11％;34：6n3和36：63n分别为0.16％和0.29％;EPA所产生的五烯酸总和是DHA所产生的六烯酸总和的4倍。结论 EPA合成VLC-PUFA的效率远远高于DHA,为患者提供更高比例的 EPA,而非DHA,可能是治疗STGD3疾病的方式之一。     

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸和代谢综合征

代谢综合征主要包括一系列代谢危险因素,即腹部肥胖、血脂紊乱、高血压和糖耐量异常。大量的研究表明,代谢综合征患者发生糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险也显著增加。其主要病因学基础为炎症、腹部肥胖和糖脂代谢紊乱。研究表明,增加饮食中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)的摄入可以显著改善代谢综合征的糖脂代谢异常、炎症反应和肥胖状态。     

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and colorectal neoplasia.

Epidemiology has implicated dietary fat in mortality associated with some of the most common forms of cancer, including those affecting the intestinal tract, breast and prostate. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, and arachidonate in particular, have been unequivocally linked to experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. Dietary, pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of tissue arachidonic acid and its conversion to bioactive lipids has provided insights into pathogenic mechanisms as well as compelling evidence to support rational preventative and therapeutic methods of disease intervention. While it is clear that conversion of arachidonate to prostaglandins and other bioactive lipids contributes significantly to tumorigenesis in the intestinal tract and other organs, it is also clear that no single metabolic pathway or lipid in this complex biochemical network is solely responsible for dietary or pharmacologic benefits evident in epidemiologic studies. We will review some of these data and provide a summary of our own work showing that conversion of arachidonate to prostaglandin E2 contributes significantly to tumor growth through the modulation of apoptosis and cellular proliferation.     

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat maternal milk, offspring brain and peripheral tissues in essential fatty acid deficiency.

Fatty acid status in humans is usually related to plasma or red blood cell fatty acid profiles. The aim of the study was to explore whether a maternal deficiency in dietary essential fatty acids would differentially affect lipid fractions in several tissues of the offspring, including brain. Female Wistar rats were fed an essential fatty acid-deficient diet during 3 months before mating. The fatty acid composition of different lipid fractions was examined in maternal milk, and in plasma, red blood cells, liver, adipose tissue, cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspring using thin layer and capillary column gas chromatography. Lipid fractions from most tissues of deprived offspring showed a common fatty acid profile characterized by elevated 20:3 omega9/20:4 omega6 ratio, and decreased docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. However, arachidonic acid was not affected in brain, even though 22:5 omega6 was increased in phospholipids of cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The present results demonstrate different degrees of resistance to essential fatty acid deficiency in lipid fractions and tissues. This suggests a priority distribution of arachidonic acid to preferential areas and shows that blood phospholipid fatty acids do not exactly reflect brain phospholipid status.     

Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and the decline of renal function

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest an association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the development of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PUFAs and renal function in older adults. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional and prospective analysis of 931 adults, > or = 65 years old, enrolled in the InCHIANTI study, a population-based cohort in Tuscany, Italy. Plasma PUFAs were measured at enrollment, and creatinine clearance was estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation at baseline and after 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: At enrollment, participants with higher creatinine clearance had higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol, total plasma PUFAs, plasma n-3 fatty acid (FA), and plasma n-6 FA and lower triglycerides. From enrollment to the 3-year follow-up visit, creatinine clearance declined by 7.8 (12.2) mL/min (P <0.0001). Baseline total plasma PUFAs, n-3 FA, n-6 FA, and linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids were strong independent predictors of less steep decline in creatinine clearance from baseline to follow-up (P <0.0001, after adjusting for baseline creatinine clearance). After adjusting for baseline creatinine, baseline total plasma PUFAs, n-3 FA, and linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids were negatively associated with creatinine at 3-year follow-up. Participants with higher plasma PUFAs at enrollment had a lower risk of developing renal insufficiency, defined by a creatinine clearance <60 mL/min, during 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: High PUFA concentrations, both n-3 FA and n-6 FA, may attenuate the age-associated decline in renal function among older community-dwelling women and men.     

Bariatric surgery reduces fasting total fatty acids and increases n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in morbidly obese individuals

Background: Obesity is a global pandemic leading to increased mortality and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Bariatric surgery is an established treatment of obesity leading to weight loss and reduction of mortality. To further elucidate how bariatric surgery improves metabolic control, we explored the fatty acid (FA) profiles in morbidly obese subjects treated with lifestyle intervention and subsequent bariatric surgery.

Methods: The intervention group consisted of 34 morbidly obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery and the control group of 17 non-obese patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic procedures. The intervention group had to undergo lifestyle changes preoperatively. Fasting blood samples were drawn at admission, after lifestyle intervention and 1 year after bariatric surgery.

Results: At admission, the morbidly obese patients had significantly higher levels of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and lower levels of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and n-3 PUFAs than healthy controls (all p-values <.05). In the intervention group, there was a significantly lower level of total FAs after lifestyle intervention, and from admission to 1 year after surgical intervention (both, p?<?.05), primarily reflecting a lower proportion of saturated FAs (SFAs). Following bariatric surgery, but not after lifestyle changes, there was an increase in the proportion of n-3 PUFA (p?<?.05) reaching levels not significantly different from healthy controls.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a reduced proportion of the proposed anti-atherogenic n-3 PUFAs characterizes morbidly obese individuals, and that this FA profile is reversed by bariatric surgery, but not by lifestyle intervention.     

Interaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids with animal cells and enveloped viruses.

Essential unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, or arachidonic were incorporated into the phospholipids of animal cells and induced in them a change in the fluidity of their membranes. Exposure of enveloped viruses such as arbo-, myxo-, paramyxo-, or herpesviruses to micromolar concentrations of these fatty acids (which are not toxic to animal cells) caused rapid loss of infectivity of these viruses. Naked viruses such as encephalomyocarditis virus, polio virus or simian virus 40 were not affected by incubation with linoleic acid. The loss of infectivity was attributed to a disruption of the lipoprotein envelope of these virions, as observed in an electron microscope.