丝裂霉素C在青光眼手术中的应用

丝裂霉素C是目前临床上广为推崇的治疗难治性青光眼的有效方法。现就丝裂霉素C的作用机制、特点、并发症及当前研究进展做一简要概述。     

小梁切除术应用丝裂霉素C联合可调整缝线

目的　评价联合应用丝裂霉素C和可调整缝线在青光眼小梁切除术中的效果。方法　首次接受小梁切除术的病例 5 8例 ( 70眼 ) ,术中丝裂霉素C的浓度为 0 2～ 0 3mg/mL ,时间为 2～ 4分钟 ;巩膜瓣两侧作 2条可调整缝线。临床观察指标包括术后眼压、滤过泡和并发症。结果　所有病例平均随访 8 3± 1 5月 ,术后各时期的眼压与术前眼压比较均明显下降 ;术后 1年 ,功能性滤过泡形成率为 82 86% ;无低眼压性黄斑病变等严重并发症出现。结论　青光眼小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C联合可调整缝线可以有效地降低患者的眼内压 ,减少术后并发症     

羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼的临床研究

目的观察和分析在难治性青光眼手术中羊膜植入的临床效果。方法对入院治疗的连续病例36例(45眼)难治性青光眼,在小梁切除手术中联合羊膜植入并应用可松解缝线技术,术后观察其视力、前房、滤过泡和眼压等情况并进行统计分析。结果手术后平均随访(13.5±6.2)月,随访12月以上者66.67%。手术后6月的39眼平均眼压由术前(42.65±8.40)mmHg降至(17.60±5.16)mmHg,手术总成功率为89.74%;随访12月以上的30眼眼压由术前(41.95±7.18)mmHg降至(19.08±4.81)mmHg,手术总成功率为86.67%;手术前后眼压差异有统计学意义;随访12月以上功能性滤过泡占76.67%。未发现羊膜排斥反应或严重并发症。结论羊膜植入联合小梁切除手术并应用可松解缝线技术是治疗难治性青光眼安全和有效的手术方法。     

Laser suture lysis or releasable sutures after trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and complication rates of laser suture lysis (LSL) or releasable sutures techniques after trabeculectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight eyes of 43 consecutive patients with uncomplicated glaucoma who were recruited for primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 and group 2 comprised 27 and 21 eyes that were randomly assigned to a standard surgery and releasable suture groups, respectively. A target intraocular pressure (IOP) had been determined on the basis of the severity of the glaucoma and was called a complete success, qualified success, or failure. RESULTS: In group 1, the mean change in IOP after LSL was 7.31+/-1.98 mm Hg, 6.1+/-1.1 mm Hg, and 3.9+/-1.5 mm Hg when sutures were lysed on the first, second, and third months. In group 2, the mean change in IOP after releasable suture removed was 8.20+/-2.74 mm Hg, 5.12+/-1.65 mm Hg, and 4.4+/-1.0 mm Hg when sutures were released at the first, second, and third months. At the end of 6 months, the success (complete and qualified success) rates were 92% and 90% for LSL and releasable suture groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant differences in success (P>0.05) and complication (P>0.05) rates between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an effective IOP reduction in eyes that had suture release both in the early and late postoperative periods after LSL and suture release. We believe that both the laserable and releasable suture techniques can be preferred to permanent sutures for closing scleral flaps in primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C in uncomplicated glaucoma.     

巩膜瓣可拆除缝线在小梁切除术中的临床观察

目的 观察巩膜瓣可拆除缝线在小梁切除术中应用的效果。方法 在巩膜瓣两侧切口边缘(约中央处)作一对张力较大的外露可拆除缝线，外露端在角膜缘前透明角膜处约1mm。结果 28例(29眼)术后3天无一例发生浅前房，术后5天1眼拆线后出现1级浅前房，经处理后恢复正常，无一眼发生持续性浅前房。术后15天通过调整可拆除缝线及按摩眼球，眼压均控制在8．54—14．57mmHg之间(1mmHg＝0．133kPa)；术后随访视力较术前提高者10眼占34．5％、不变者17眼占58．6％、下降者2眼占6．9％。结论 巩膜瓣可拆除缝线的应用可有效地调节眼压，大大减少术后浅前房发生率，提高手术成功率。     

可拆除缝线在原发性闭角型青光眼滤过术的应用

目的观察可拆除缝线在原发性闭角型青光眼滤过手术中的应用对预防早期并发症和提高长期降眼压的作用。方法将60例（60眼）慢性闭角型青光眼随机入选试验组和对照组。试验组行可拆除缝线并小梁切除术加丝裂霉素C（MMC）,对照纽行小梁切除术加MMC。并进行随访观察。结果两组浅前房发生率差异无统计学意义。术后两绀间眼压除术后1d有显著差异外,余均无显著差异。结论可拆除缝线并未能瞳著减少小粱切除术术后早期浅前房发生率,对远期眼压控制亦无显著影响。     

Immediate postoperative intraocular pressure measurements after trabeculectomy with releasable sutures

BACKGROUND: To assess the practicality of same-day intraocular pressure (IOP) review following trabeculectomy with releasable sutures. It is a prospective observational case series study. METHODS: 40 eyes of patients undergoing inpatient trabeculectomy for glaucoma optic neuropathy. IOP measurement at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h following trabeculectomy with releasable sutures. Slit-lamp microscopy documenting surgical complications. RESULTS: Three patients required intervention within the first 24 h and four patients at 24 h because of raised IOP. Investigating pressure outcomes of low (<8 mmHg) and high (>21 mmHg) the sensitivity and specificity of IOP assessments at 2, 4, 8 and 12 h were compared with a 'gold standard' of IOP at 24 h postoperatively. False negative results persist at time periods for low IOP and are absent for high IOP only at 8 h postoperatively. There is a marked change in IOP over the first 24-h period in some patients, both from high to low and from low to high levels. CONCLUSIONS: Same-day review of trabeculectomy is not a practical proposition as a policy for a unit with present operative techniques. Indeed the finding of transient high pressures during the first 24 h in some cases suggests that in those patients for whom there is concern (mainly those with severe disc cupping at the time of surgery) at least one IOP check during the first 24 h postoperatively may be warranted in addition to the 24-h postoperative check.     

巩膜瓣可调整缝线在小梁切除术中的临床观察

目的:观察巩膜瓣可调整缝线在小梁切除术中应用的效果。方法:在巩膜瓣两侧切口边缘(约中央处)作一对张力较大的外露可调整缝线,外露端在角膜缘前透明角膜处约lmm。结果:78例(84眼)术后3d3眼出现Ⅰ级浅前房,术后6d5眼拆线后出现Ⅰ级浅前房,经处理后恢复正常,无1眼发生持续性浅前房。术后5～21d通过调整可拆除缝线及按摩眼球,眼压均控制在5.3～12.6mmHg(lmmHg=0.133kPa)之间(非接触眼压计NDEKNT-2000);术后随访视力较术前提高者25例占32%、不变者47例占60%、下降者6例占8%。结论:巩膜瓣可调整缝线的应用可有效地调节眼压,大大减少术后浅前房发生率,提高手术成功率。     

小梁切除联合MMC治疗陈旧性虹膜睫状体炎合并青光眼

目的:探讨陈旧性虹膜睫状体炎合并青光眼的有效治疗方法。方法:将38例52眼陈旧性虹膜睫状体炎合并青光眼的患者随机分成两组,A组(17例24眼)激光周边虹膜切除术,B组(21例28眼)小梁切除联合丝裂霉素C应用术。结果:A组成功4眼,成功率为17%,B组成功26眼,成功率为93%,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:小梁切除联合丝裂霉素C是治疗陈旧性虹膜睫状体炎合并青光眼的有效治疗方法。     

丝裂霉素C在小梁切除术中的应用

目的 探讨丝裂霉素C在青光眼小梁切除术中的作用。方法 93例116眼青光眼患者随机分为二组,丝裂霉素C组67眼在小梁切除术中应用0.2g/L的丝裂霉素 C棉片 3min,然后用生理盐水冲洗,术毕连续密闭缝合结膜切口;对照组49眼手术方式相同,但没有应用丝裂霉素C,术毕结膜瓣缝合2针。结果 术后1月复查,滤过炮丝裂霉素C组平均直径 8mm 弥散扁平,对照组平均直径5mm较局限。降压幅度丝裂霉素C组大于对照组。结论 青光眼小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C可以有效的防止滤过泡的粘连,降低眼压,提高手术的成功率。     

The safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with releasable sutures

AIM: To evaluate the combined phacoemulsification with acrylic intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy with releasable sutures, without the use of antimetabolites, performed by one surgeon. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 251 eyes of 198 patients after a combined phaco/trabeculectomy procedure, followed up for an average of 16 months for vision, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of glaucoma medications. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis provided measures of relative risk (RR) or hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with the occurrence of several conditions or complications of surgery. RESULTS: Mean preoperative variables were best corrected vision, 0.6 (SD 0.4) logMAR (20/80 Snellen); IOP, 18.7 (4.9) mm Hg; and number of glaucoma medications, 1.7 (0.8). Mean postoperative results were best corrected vision, 0.2 (0.4) logMAR (20/32 Snellen); IOP, 15.1 (3.2) mm Hg; and number of glaucoma medications, 0.3 (0.6). Postoperatively, the mean decreases from baseline were 19.2% for IOP and 84.1% for number of glaucoma medications; 85% of eyes required fewer glaucoma medications and 78% of eyes were medication free, with IOP control. There were no significant operative or postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with releasable sutures, in the absence of antimetabolites, is a safe, effective, and stable alternative for patients with cataracts and glaucoma.     

小梁切除术联合可松解缝线以及抗代谢药物治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的疗效

目的 探讨小梁切除术联合可松解缝线及抗代谢药物对原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）的疗效.方法 对小梁切除术联合可松解缝线及抗代谢药物的PACG 146例（180眼）进行回顾性研究,分析术后眼压控制情况、滤过泡形态及并发症.结果 所有180眼中,152眼（84.4％）不用降眼压药物情况下眼压在10～21 mmHg：26眼（14.4％）加用局部降眼压药物,眼压控制在10～21 mm-Hg：2眼（1.1％）眼压失控,分别于术后3个月和5个月行睫状体冷凝治疗.未出现浅前房、低眼压或滤过泡相关并发症.结论 小梁切除术联合可松解缝线及抗代谢药物治疗PACG能较好控制术后眼压并避免术后早期浅前房、低眼压等并发症,减少滤过道瘢痕化的发生.     

可松解缝线的小梁切除术

目的 观察可松解缝线的小梁切除术能否减少小梁切除术后的并发症。方法 48例（72眼）青光眼患者随机分为2组：观察组33眼行可松解缝线的小梁切除术,对照组39眼行常规小梁切除术,术后观察比较眼压、滤过泡、前房深度、视力及其他眼部并发症。结果 在术后低眼压、浅前房、视力下降的发生率观察组分别为6．06％,12．12％和6．06％,而对照组分别为28．21％,30．77％和26．64％（P＜0．05）,而且观察组前房积血、脉络膜脱离、并发性白内障及虹膜睫状体炎的发生也明显少于对照组。结论 可松解缝线的小梁切除术可有效地控制术后滤过水平而减少小梁切除术后并发症的发生。     

Mitomycin C trabeculectomy in eyes with cicatricial conjunctiva

PURPOSE: To demonstrate favorable outcome of mitomycin C–augmented trabeculectomy in eyes with broad cicatricial conjunctiva created by previous surgeries.METHODS: Forty-six eyes (40 patients) with extensive conjunctival scarring that had undergone mitomycin C trabeculectomy were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS: After a mean follow-up ± SD of 13.7 ± 7.8 months (range, 6 to 36 months), intraocular pressure was well controlled, below or equal to 16 mm Hg and 21 mm Hg, respectively, in 33 (72%) and 44 (96%) of the 46 eyes. In all eyes, a functional filtering bleb was present during the follow-up periods.CONCLUSION: Mitomycin C trabeculectomy after dissection of conjunctival scar tissue may be useful for treating refractory glaucoma.     

Mitomycin C-augumented trabeculectomy with postoperative wound modulation in pediatric glaucoma.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy combined with postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil and laser suture lysis in the treatment of refractory pediatric glaucoma. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive cases (17 patients) with refractory pediatric glaucoma treated with mitomycin C trabeculectomy (0.4 mg/mL for 3 to 5 minutes) and postoperative 5-fluorouracil, laser suture lysis, or both were retrospectively reviewed. Success was defined as intraocular pressure between 4 and 16 mm Hg without further glaucoma surgery or devastating complication. RESULTS: The median age of the study population was 2.6 years (range, 0.05 to 16 years). The overall success rate was 52.4%, with a median follow-up of 23 months for successful cases. Success rates for patients older than 1 year of age versus those younger than 1 year of age at surgery were 73% and 30%, respectively. Success rates for phakic versus aphakic eyes were 64% and 29%, respectively. Age and lens status, taken together, were significant predictors of outcome (P = .013). Reasons for failure in this study were uncontrolled intraocular pressure (8 cases), persistent wound leak (1 case), and endophthalmitis (1 case); the latter 2 cases required bleb excision. Other complications encountered included chorioretinal detachment, shallow anterior chamber, 5-fluorouracil toxicity, and cataract formation. No irreversible visual deficits could be attributed to the trabeculectomy procedure or subsequent complications in any of these cases. CONCLUSIONS: Mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy combined with postoperative suture lysis and 5-fluorouracil is a viable option for older phakic children with refractory glaucoma. This procedure has a lower success rate in infants and in aphakic eyes. Both early and late postoperative complications are common, and diligent lifelong long-term follow-up is needed to detect bleb leaks and infection. The addition of postoperative suture lysis and 5-fluorouracil to mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy did not provide any convincing improvement in the success of this procedure in pediatric patients with refractory glaucoma and may have increased the complication rate.     

可调节缝线预防小梁切除术后浅前房

目的分析可调节缝线在预防小梁切除术后浅前房中的作用。方法87例随机分为两组：治疗组（A组）44例（76眼）行小梁切除联合应用可调节缝线术;对照组（B组）43例（72眼）行常规小梁切除术。随访12～20月,观察两组术后有无浅前房形成、术后眼压的变化及住院天数等。结果A组无浅前房发生,B组16眼（22．22％）发生术后浅前房（P〈0．01）。A组术后2周平均眼压（11．5±0．8）mmHg;B组术后2周平均眼压（12．1±1．0）mmHg（P〉0．05）。A组平均住院时间（9．0±2．5）d;B组平均住院时间（12．0±3．6）d（P〈0．01）。结论可调节缝线的应用有效降低了小梁切除术后早期并发症,明显缩短患者住院时间。小梁切除联合应用可调节缝线与常规小梁切除术降眼压效果无显著差别。     

Early vs late intraocular pressure following trabeculectomy with releasable suture in advanced glaucoma

We retrospectively studied long-term outcome after trabeculectomy with releasable suture in advanced glaucoma in 67 consecutive glaucomic eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded preoperatively and periodically following surgery for up to 2 years. Early (<1 month) postoperative IOP was a reasonable indicator of long-term IOP control in eyes with advanced glaucoma. The authors have stated that they do not have a significant financial interest or other relationship with any product manufacturer or provider of services discussed in this article. The authors also do not discuss the use of off-label products, which include unlabeled, unapproved, or investigative products or devices.     

小梁切除术中丝裂霉素C和透明质酸钠的应用

目的：探讨丝裂霉素C（MMC）和透明质酸钠（Healon）在小梁切除术中的作用。方法：随机将61例65眼分成治疗组31例34眼和对照组30例31眼。治疗组术中使用MMC和Healon,而对照组常规行小梁切除术,术中不使用MMC和Healon。结果：治疗组术后2wk眼压≤21mmHg的34眼,而对照组≤21mmHg的25眼,〉21mmHg的6眼（P〉0．01）;两组差异有显著性。术后浅前房治疗组和对照组分别是3眼和10眼（P〈0．05）;差异有显著性。术后Ⅸ型滤过泡,治疗组和对照组分别为1眼和6眼（P〈0．05）;差异有显著性。结论：MMC和Healon应用于小梁切除术,明显降低术后并发症,提高手术成功率,是可靠有效可行的方法。     

非穿透板层小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C与改良小梁切除术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的疗效比较

目的比较非穿透板层小梁切除术(nonpenetrating lamellar trabeculectomy,NPT)联合丝裂霉素C(mitomycin C,MMC)与改良小梁切除术治疗原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析37例(57眼)POAG患者应用NPT联合MMC治疗与30例51眼POAG患者行改良小梁切除术治疗的效果。观察并比较2组患者术后眼压、视力、成功率、并发症等。结果 NPT联合MMC治疗后POAG患者与经改良小梁切除术治疗后眼压在术后早期和中期无明显差异;术后24个月,经NPT联合MMC治疗,良好眼压控制成功率大约为47%,而经改良小梁切除术治疗,良好眼压控制成功率接近70%,术后6个月、12个月、18个月,2组眼压控制成功率比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。2组术后1周视力比较,差异无统计学意义;术后24个月视力比较,NPT联合MMC治疗组优于改良小梁切除术治疗组(P<0.05)。改良小梁切除术治疗组术后浅前房(14眼,27.5%)和白内障(11眼,21.6%)的发展率高于NPT联合MMC治疗组。结论 NPT联合MMC治疗在早期和中期控制眼压方面与改良小梁切除术疗效相当,但改良小梁切除术长期良好眼压控制成功率较高。NPT联合MMC治疗术后并发症少于改良小梁切除术后。     

Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C versus trabeculectomy alone for juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE: We compare the intermediate-term outcome of initial trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C use versus initial trabeculectomy alone for juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: This retrospective consecutive analysis included 44 eyes from 36 patients with juvenile primary-open angle glaucoma, all of whom underwent either initial trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C use (15 eyes) or initial trabeculectomy alone without mitomycin C use (29 eyes). We compared the success rate and complications between the two groups in a three-year follow-up period following surgery. RESULTS: Three years subsequent to surgery, the cumulative success probability was 73% for the mitomycin C group and 68% for the control group, there being no real difference between the two groups (p = 0.89). A greater incidence of hypotony maculopathy was found amongst the mitomycin C group than was the case for the control group (20 versus 0%, respectively, p = 0.034). A lower intraocular pressure amongst the mitomycin C group was noted as compared with the control group (10.8 +/- 3.0 versus 13.3 +/- 3.8 mm Hg, respectively, p = 0.017) amongst the successfully treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lower intraocular pressure level for the successfully treated patients from the trabeculectomy with mitomycin C group, and a greater incidence of resultant hypotony maculopathy for this group as compared with the trabeculectomy alone group, there appeared to be no significant difference in the cumulative success probability for this group as compared with the trabeculectomy alone group. Therefore, we caution against the use of an initial trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.