慢性肾功能不全患者血清TNF-α水平的变化

目的探讨慢性肾功能不全患者尿毒症前期和尿毒症期患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumour necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）水平的变化.方法用酶联免疫吸附法检测40例慢性肾功能不全患者和26例体检健康者血清TNF-α水平.结果慢性肾功能不全患者尿毒症前期和尿毒症期血清TNF-α水平均显著高于对照组.结论慢性肾功能不全的发生可能与血清TNF-α水平异常有关.     

丹参对慢性肾功能不全患者白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子的影响

近年来 ,细胞因子与肾脏疾病之间的关系国内外均有报道。白细胞介素 6(ＩＬ 6)和肿瘤坏死因子 (ＴＮＦ)以其对免疫炎症反应及局部组织、细胞的作用 ,影响着肾脏疾病的发生、发展及转归。丹参具有广泛的药理作用 ,其对肾功能的保护作用亦有报道。我们对 3 2例慢性肾功能不全患者及健康对照组的ＩＬ 6、ＴＮＦ及血肌酐进行了检测 ,以探讨丹参延缓慢性肾功能不全进展的机制。对象与方法1.对象 :对照组 2 0名 ,为体检合格献血者。慢性肾功能不全对照组 12例 ,年龄 2 4～ 5 5岁 ,男性 8例 ,女性 4例 ,血肌酐190～ 5 5 0 μｍｏｌ/Ｌ(3 40 .2 0±…     

冠心病患者血清可溶性Fas和TNF-α水平变化

目的探讨血清可溶性Fas(sFas)和TNF-α水平与冠心病(CHD)之间的关系.方法采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA方法测定57例CHD患者(CHD组)和23例对照组受试者血清sFas和TNF-α水平.结果CHD患者血清sFas水平高于对照组(P＜0.01),TNF-α水平也高于对照组(P＜0.05),且CHD患者血清sFas水平与TNF-α成正相关(r=0.289,P=0.029).CHD患者中sFas水平不稳定型心绞痛(UA组)患者和急性心肌梗死(AMI组)患者高于稳定型心绞痛(SA组)患者(P＜0.05).结论高水平的血清sFas和TNF-α与CHD有关,可能通过细胞凋亡和炎症反应途径参与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生发展.     

慢性肾功能不全患者血浆心钠素变化的研究

应用放免法测定了89例各类肾脏病患者的血浆心钠素（ANF）水平，其中包括39例血液透析前后ANF的变化，测这了部分血透患者透析前后的心阻抗血、心肌机械及及右心房内压。发现慢性肾功能不全患者血浆ANF增高，与肾功能、血压、血K^ 、尿K^ 、愕量和左心功能不全有密切相关，而与血Na^ 、血Cl^-、尿Na^ 、尿Cl^-、右心房内压无明显关系，探讨了慢性肾功能不全患者血浆ANF增高的原因及血透对其影响。     

胃癌患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平变化及意义

目的观察胃癌患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、IL-6、IL-8的水平变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用ELISA法测定60例胃癌（胃癌组）、25例胃良性病变患者（良性组）血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8,并与25例健康者（正常组）作对照。结果胃癌组血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平明显高于良性组和正常组（P〈0．05）,且TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平随着胃癌临床病理分期的增加而升高（P〈0．05）。肿瘤根治手术后患者血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平较术前明显降低（P〈0．05）;良性组血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平与正常组近似（P〉0．05）。结论胃癌患者血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平增高;检测胃癌患者血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8有助于病情判断和估计预后。     

COPD患者血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平的检测及意义

目的为慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的病情判断提供依据。方法采用ELISA法分别检测80例COPD急性加重期患者（肺功能分级Ⅰ级23例、Ⅱ级28例、Ⅲ级29例）和30例缓解期患者血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平,并与同期30例查体健康者（对照组）比较。结果血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平COPD急性加重期〉缓解期〉对照组,P均〈0.05;肺功能Ⅲ级〉Ⅱ级〉Ⅰ级,P均〈0.05。结论 IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α均参与了COPD气道炎症反应,且其表达水平与疾病严重程度有关,三者可作为判断COPD临床分期、气流受限程度的指标。     

慢性乙型肝炎合并高脂血症患者应用阿托伐他汀后血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10的变化

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对慢性乙型肝炎合并高脂血症患者血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10的影响。方法回顾性分析慢性乙型肝炎合并高脂血症患者127例,按照在治疗过程中是否加入阿托伐他汀分为两组,未加入阿托伐他汀的组别为对照组,观察组为加用阿托伐他汀20 mg/次口服,检测两组患者治疗前后C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)的水平。结果治疗前两组的ALT、AST、TBIL相比,差异均无明显统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,对照组的ALT、AST、TBIL均出现下降趋势,而观察组的ALT、AST、TBIL均出现上升趋势,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组的ALT、AST、TBIL相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后CRP、TNF-α、IL-6均较治疗前明显下降,IL-10升高(P0.05);治疗后观察组TNF-α、IL-6均较对照组下降更为显著,IL-10升高更为显著(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀有助于降低慢性乙型肝炎合并高脂血症患者血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平,提高IL-10水平,但能升高ALT、AST、TBIL水平,临床上对于慢性乙型肝炎合并高脂血症应用阿托伐他汀降脂治疗的同时,对肝脏损伤尚需进一步观察。     

心功能不全病人血浆细胞因子的变化及其临床意义

目的:探讨不同病因的慢性心功能不全(CHF)病人及CHF的不同阶段,促炎细胞因子的变化及临床意义。方法:以双抗夹心EL ISA法测定71例CHF病人及50例健康人血浆中肿瘤坏死因于-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的浓度。结果:CHF病人血浆TNF-α和IL-6水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且与心功能Ⅱ级病人相比较,心功能Ⅳ级病人的TNF-α和IL-6明显增高(P<0.01),而三种心脏病之间,FNF-α和IL-6的测定无明显的差异。结论:CHF病人的血浆TNF-α和IL-6水平升高是心功能不全的免疫学标志之一,与病因无关,提示炎症机制参与了心力衰竭的进程。     

慢性肾功能不全患者肾功能恶化的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性肾功能不全患者肾功能恶化进展的危险因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究,选取140例慢性肾功能不全患者,按终点肌酐是否高于初始肌酐2倍,分为肾功能恶化组、肾功能非恶化组,分别检测两组贫血、血脂、营养不良、炎症指标等变化。结果采用二分类的非条件Logistic回归分析方法,筛选出3个危险因素,即总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、C反应蛋白（CRP）（β=0.783、0.701、0.644）;2个保护性因素,即血红蛋白（Hb）、白蛋白（ALB）（β=-0.145、-0.267）。结论TC、TG、CRP是促进肾功能恶化的危险因素,Hb、ALB是其保护性因素。     

慢性心力衰竭患者的血清可溶性Fas配体和可溶性Fas受体

目的 分析血清可溶性Fas配体(sFasL)和可溶性Fas受体(sEas)与慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的相关性。方法采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测33例CHF患者(CHF组,心功能Ⅱ-Ⅳ级,NYHA)血清sFasL和sFas浓度,并与18例心功能Ⅰ级(NYHA)组比较。结果 CHF与心功能Ⅰ级间sFasL浓度无显著统计学差异[231.50±84.50(心功能Ⅱ级216.50±96.00,Ⅲ级226.80±85.70,Ⅳ级244.00±73.00)vs217.50±89.00pg/mL,P>0.05]。而CHF组血清sFas浓度显著高于心功能Ⅰ级组[1353.30±507.71(心功能Ⅱ级1154.85±371.20,Ⅲ级1412.88±493.62,Ⅳ级1875.67±806.10)vs983.11±461.26pg/mL,P<0.05]。结论 血清sFasL与CHF无相关性。而血清sFas与CHF存在显著相关性。且sFas浓度增高的程度与CHF的严重程度相平行,sFas浓度增高可能在CHF发病机制中起重要作用。     

Circulating levels of soluble Fas ligand and soluble Fas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fas- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-mediated apoptosis are known to be two principal apoptotic mechanisms in humans. Although there are several distinctions between these two systems, in vitro studies have demonstrated similar hypoxic activation and a functional relationship. Since patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show chronic hypoxaemia and the activation of the TNF-alpha system, we investigated whether these pathophysiological changes influence the Fas-Fas ligand system. We measured the circulating soluble Fas ligand (sFas-L) level, an inducer of apoptosis, and the soluble Fas receptor (sFas) level, an inhibitor of apoptosis, in 34 COPD patients and 35 age-matched healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the relationships between the levels of sFas-L or sFas and clinical variables including the TNF-alpha system; circulating TNF-alpha and soluble TNF-receptor (sTNF-Rs: sTNF-R55 and R75) levels, in the COPD patients. Although circulating TNF-alpha, sTNF-R55 and R75 levels were significantly higher in the COPD patients than in the healthy controls, serum level of sFas-L (Fisher's exact probability test; P = 0.26) and plasma level of sFas [COPD patients vs. controls; mean (SD); 3.74 (0.63) vs. 3.67 (0.48) ng/ml; P = 0.89) were not increased in the COPD patients. There was no significant correlation between the levels of sFas-L or sFas and clinical variables in COPD patients. These results suggest that the Fas-Fas ligand system does not independently play an important role in the pathophysiology of patients with COPD.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织Fas表达与血清可溶性Fas水平的关系

目的探讨患者肝组织中Fas的表达与血清可溶性Fas水平的关系。方法用免疫组化方法检测60例慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织Fas的表达,同时用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清可溶性Fas。结果重度慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中sFas水平>中度>轻度,各组间差异有显著意义(P<0.01);慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织Fas表达的程度和血清sFas水平与肝组织病变的活动性一致。结论 1.肝组织炎症程度与肝组织Fas抗原的表达有关;2.Fas介导的肝细胞凋亡在慢性乙型肝炎的发病机制中起重要作用,抑制肝细胞Fas表达有助于减轻肝细胞损伤程度。     

慢性肾功能不全患者血清甲状旁腺激素水平的变化分析

目的分析慢性肾功能不全(CRF)患者血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平的变化情况。方法选取2013-09~2014-12肾内科诊断为CRF住院患者306例。按我国CRF的分期方法,根据血清肌酐水平(Cre,单位μmol/L,肌氨酸氧化酶法)分为:肾功能不全代偿期25例(133.8Cre171.5);肾功能不全失代偿期85例(194.0Cre440.8);肾功能衰竭期79例(456.3Cre703.6);尿毒症期117例(802.4Cre2044.9),并以正常成人42名为对照组。用化学发光法对血清全段PTH水平进行检测,观察其在肾病不同阶段的变化情况。结果 CRF患者PTH水平高于正常对照组,随着病情进展PTH水平逐渐增高。结论监测血清PTH水平能客观地评价肾功能损害程度,对防治CRF具有重要的意义。     

胃癌患者血清可溶性FasL的变化及意义

应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测45例胃癌患者血清中可溶性FasL(sFasL)水平,并取30例健康献血员为对照。结果显示,胃癌患者术前血清sFasL为(15.24±1.25)μg/L,30例健康献血员sFasL病理为(4.21±1.13)μg/L。两组比较P<0.01。胃癌患者术前血清sFasL含量[(15.24±1.25)μg/L]显著高于术后(5.36±1.19)μg/L],P <0.01,且分期越高、分化程度越低、有淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径>3cm者,术前血清sFasL越高。提示胃癌患者血清中含有sFasL,且sFasL在胃癌免疫逃逸、反击机制中起重要作用;术前胃癌血清中sFasL水平可作为术后随访和判断预后的一个重要指标。     

慢性肾功能不全患者主动脉顺应性及相关因素分析

目的应用多普勒血管超声技术评价轻度慢性肾功能不全(CRI)患者主动脉顺应性,并分析其相关危险因素。方法选取原发性肾小球疾病导致的CRI患者109例和年龄、性别匹配的健康人50例,用多普勒超声测量主动脉脉搏波传导速度(PWV),作为反映主动脉顺应性的指标。同时进行体格检查、血常规及血生化检测,用MDRD公式计算肾小球滤过率(GFR)。结果轻度CRI患者的PWV较对照组显著增快〔(9.36±0.27)m/svs(7.15±0.18)m/s,P0.05〕;收缩压(SBP)、血清总胆固醇、血清肌酐较对照组显著升高,血红蛋白和GFR较对照组显著降低(P0.01)。逐步回归分析显示年龄、SBP和GFR是与PWV关系最密切的参数(P0.01),回归方程为PWV=0.592+0.06×年龄+0.12×SBP+0.076×GFR。结论轻度CRI患者已出现明显的主动脉顺应性下降,并与肾功能呈显著相关性。早期诊断和有效改善大动脉顺应性减退对改善患者预后、预防临床并发症的发生具有重要价值。     

老年肺癌患者血清可溶性Fas水平表达及其意义

目的探讨可溶性Fas(sFas)在老年肺癌及良性病变患者中的表达及其临床意义.方法用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测51例老年肺癌,15例结核和10例炎性假瘤患者血清中的sFas表达水平,并比较20例肺癌患者术前,术后;15例化疗前,化疗后sFas的变化.结果老年肺癌患者血清sFas水平(17.32±3.46)ng*ml-1明显高于良性病变及正常人(P＜0.01),随着临床分级的上升,sFas水平升高明显;sFas与年龄,性别,肿瘤大小及组织学分型无明显相关(P＞0.05).肺癌患者术后血清sFas水平较术前明显下降(P＜0.05);化疗后sFas水平较化疗前明显下降(P＜0.05)结论sFas可作为一种新的肿瘤检测指标,与肺癌的发生、发展及其预后密切相关.     

Furosemide effects in patients with chronic renal insufficiency

In 8 patients with a slight restriction of the renal function (serum creatinine 150-300 mumol/l), 10 patients with a severe restriction of the renal function (serum creatinine greater than 300-1,200 mumol/l) and in 10 control persons with intact renal function on 2 subsequent days after 40 and 80 mg furosemide the pharmacokinetic data were calculated intravenously from the course of the serum concentration and the renale excretion as well as pharmacodynamic parameters. In comparison to the control persons in patients with creatinine values of more than 200 mumol/l still 4 hours after intravenous injection furosemide could be proved in the serum. According to this the excretion of the unchanged furosemide was clearly decreased in the 24-hour-urine. In decreased renal clearance of furosemide the elimination half-life period was prolonged. In all three groups of patients the diuretic effect of furosemide was very distinctly marked in the first four hours after injection of 40 mg, a doubling of the dose did not increase this effect. Only in the first four hours also an increased excretion of sodium, chloride and calcium occurred; in the 24-hour-collection period no differences between the three groups were the result. The excretion of creatinine and urea-N in the urine was not influenced by furosemide. Thus also in the chronic renal insufficiency there is the indication of the furosemide therapy only then, when the extracellular space or the intravasal volume are enlarged. As individual dose 40 mg are recommended intravenously.     

Low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with chronic renal insufficiency

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has largely replaced unfractionated heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. The predictable anticoagulant effect of LMWH is seen across almost all patient populations, with few exceptions. However, because LMWH is primarily eliminated through the kidneys, patients with renal insufficiency are at risk of LMWH accumulation and bleeding complications. The risk of LMWH accumulation and bleeding is dependent on several factors including the degree of renal insufficiency, dose and type of LMWH. These risks are greatest when therapeutic doses of LMWH are used in patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min. Prophylactic dose LMWH does not appear to be associated with an increased bleeding risk, but has not been evaluated in large trials. LMWHs with a higher molecular weight may be less prone to accumulation and bleeding. LMWH must be used carefully in patients with renal insufficiency, particularly in those with severe renal impairment.