透明质酸钠凝胶用于剖宫产术中防粘连促愈合的应用体会

目的 评价透明质酸钠凝胶用于剖宫产术中预防粘连及促切口愈合的效果及安全性.方法将首次剖宫产手术的患者分为治疗组和观察组.治疗组患者于手术结束关腹前,将透明质酸钠凝胶10ml涂抹于子宫切口表面、输卵管卵巢周围、肠管及腹膜切口部位后按常规关腹.观察组患者未涂抹透明质酸钠凝胶.结果使用透明质酸钠的治疗组再次手术时发现盆腔粘连10例（0.09%）,腹腔内轻度粘连8例,中、重度粘连2例;无粘连25例（0.23%）.未使用透明质酸钠的观察组再次剖宫产手术时发现盆腔粘连21例（0.21%）,腹腔内轻度粘连13例,中、重度粘连8例;无粘连14例（0.14%）.结论透明质酸钠凝胶在剖宫产后预防盆腔粘连及促进切口愈合效果明显,特别是能有效减少分离后再粘连的发生.     

医用透明质酸钠预防腹部手术后腹腔粘连的临床观察

目的　观察医用透明质酸钠对预防腹部手术后腹腔粘连的作用。方法 136 0例腹部手术患者 ,关腹前于腹膜及腹腔创面涂抹医用透明质酸钠 (sodiumhyaluronate)凝胶剂 3～ 15ml,随访期间 ,2 3例患者获 2次手术探察的机会 ,观察腹腔粘连程度 ,并与同期未用透明质酸钠凝胶剂的 2 6例 2次手术患者作对比分析。结果观察组 :腹腔粘连Ⅰ级 11例 ,Ⅱ级 9例 ,Ⅲ级 3例 ,Ⅳ级 0例 ;对照组 :Ⅰ级 1例 ,Ⅱ级 5例 ,Ⅲ级 17例 ,Ⅳ级 3例。两组轻度粘连分别为 87%和 2 3% ;两组重度粘连分别为 13%和 77%。两组患者手术后腹腔内粘连情况比较 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论透明质酸钠凝胶对腹部手术后预防腹腔粘连具有明显效果。     

奥曲肽预防术后腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的:评估奥曲肽在腹腔术后粘连中的作用.方法:选用120只Wistar大鼠,在同一标准下刮伤其盲肠浆膜,制成损伤性腹腔粘连模型.将动物随机分成6组.1组为对照组,于首次剖腹术后给予生理盐水作为安慰剂0.5ml/12h皮下注射.2、3组分别给予奥曲肽0.5ml 2.5μg/(kg·12h)和氢化可的松2mg/(kg·12h)皮下注射,应用2周;a、b、c组不给予任何干预,而于2周后,实施粘连松解术,术后同1、2、3组方法分别给予生理盐水、奥曲肽和氢化可的松皮下注射,应用2周.1、2、3组和a、b、c组分别于首次剖腹术和粘连松解术后2周观察腹腔粘连程度.结果:同对照组相比,奥曲肽无论在首次开腹术后还是在粘连松解术后均能显著减轻腹腔粘连(P＜0.01).而氢化可的松只在首次术后具有预防腹膜粘连的作用.结论:奥曲肽具有预防腹腔粘连形成的作用.     

亚甲蓝和抑肽酶联合应用防治术后腹腔内粘连的临床观察

目的观察亚甲蓝与抑肽酶联合应用对术后腹腔内粘连的防治作用。方法选择2000年5月至2004年2月行全部或部分结肠切除术和暂时性回结肠造口术,8～12周后闭合回结肠造口的患者83例,于第1次手术时将病例随机分为4组:A组不用任何预防粘连药物,用生理盐水冲洗腹腔(对照组);B组关腹前腹腔内给予1%亚甲蓝10ml;C组关腹前腹腔内给予抑肽酶10万U;D组关腹前腹腔内给予1%亚甲蓝10ml及10万U抑肽酶。于第2次手术时观察各组腹腔内粘连程度。结果对照组中粘连发生率为83%,亚甲蓝和抑肽酶组粘连发生率分别为45%和50%;而亚甲蓝加抑肽酶组粘连发生率仅为15%,明显较其他3组低,与之比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论腹腔内给予亚甲蓝或抑肽酶能降低腹腔内粘连的发生率,两者联合用药作用更加显著。     

透明质酸钠预防粘连性肠梗阻术后再粘连临床观察

目的 探讨透明质酸钠对粘连性肠梗阻松解术后再粘连的预防作用.方法 对18例粘连性肠梗阻粘连松解或肠切除后,于创面、吻合口及腹膜粗糙而处涂透明质酸钠2～4 mL后关腹,术后胃肠减压、抗感染、输液等治疗,随访8月～2年.结果 18例均未出现肠梗阻,有效率100%,2例出现间歇性腹部隐痛,发生率为11%,但无梗阻症状.结论 透明质酸钠对预防粘连性肠梗阻术后再粘连效果好,且使用简单,不良反应少,推广应用价值大.     

羧甲基纤维素透明质酸钠预防术后腹膜粘连的实验研究

目的 探讨羧甲基纤维素透明质酸钠复合物（CMC-HA）在腹膜粘连预防中的价值.方法 将90只Wistar大鼠分为A、B、C 3组,每组30只,制成腹膜粘连模型后分别于创面置入羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、透明质酸钠（HA）和CMC-HA各3 ml,分别于术后3 d、7 d和14 d观察腹腔粘连情况.结果 术后3 d于光镜下可见,与A组和B组相比,C组大鼠肠壁纤维细胞增生较轻,胶原纤维排列较疏松.术后14 d,C组大鼠腹膜粘连程度明显轻于A组和B组（均P＜0.01）.结论 CMC-HA预防术后腹膜粘连安全有效.     

青霉胺预防术后腹腔粘连的实验研究

目的:观察青霉胺预防腹腔粘连的疗效.方法:将80只昆明小鼠随机分为4组,均于其右侧腹膜固定乳胶片一块,按预先设计分别用青酶胺、几丁糖、透明质酸钠和右旋糖酐进行不同处理后关腹,并给予相应喂养.术后7d,14d剖腹观察粘连情况,对粘连组织行免疫组化染色.结果:4种实验用药对腹腔粘连都有一定的预防作用,3%青霉胺与几丁糖疗效基本相当,作用时间长、效果明显优于透明质酸钠和右旋糖酐,其中右旋糖酐的作用比较差.结论:青霉胺腹腔留置预防腹腔粘连作用持久,效果可靠.     

善得定对预防大鼠腹部手术后肠粘连的研究

目的 评价腹腔注射善得定对大鼠腹部手术后肠粘连的预防作用。方法 将50只SD大鼠随机分为5组：Ⅰ组,对照组;Ⅱ组,腹腔内注射善得定20μg/kg;Ⅲ组,腹腔内注射善得定40μg/kg,腹腔内注射得定60μg/kg;V组,腹腔内注射透明质酸钠。各组动物均于定40μg/kg;Ⅳ组,腹腔内注射善得定60μg/kg;Ⅴ组,腹腔内注射透明质酸钠。各组动物均于术后14d处死,肉眼评价粘连程度,并取粘连的肠段测羟脯氨酸（OHP）。结果 Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ组之粘连程度明显低于Ⅰ组（P＜0．05）;Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ组粘连肠段的OHP明显低于I组和V组（P＜0．05）;Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ组间粘连程度及粘连肠段的OHP无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论 腹腔注射善得定对预防腹部手术后肠粘连有一定作用。     

透明质酸钠预防妇产科腹盆腔手术术后粘连的临床研究

目的：探讨透明质酸钠用于预防妇产科腹盆腔手术术后粘连的有效性及安全性。方法采用前瞻性病例对照研究的方法,选取1323例各类妇产科腹盆腔手术患者为研究组,应用透明质酸钠;同期选取672例各类妇产科腹盆腔手术患者作为对照组。比较两组术后第3天外周血白细胞数的情况、术后1月行B超检查的情况及术后1月妇科检查结果的情况。结果研究组粘连发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。结论透明质酸钠可有效预防妇产科腹盆腔手术术后粘连。     

人工流产术后应用透明质酸钠宫腔注射联合去氧孕烯炔雌醇效果观察

目的观察人工流产术后应用透明质酸钠宫腔注射联合去氧孕烯炔雌醇预防宫腔粘连的效果。方法选取在郑州大学第二附属医院顺利完成人工流产手术的200例稽留流产患者,随机分为2组,每组100例。2组术后均口服抗生素预防感染。对照组术后实施宫腔注射透明质酸钠,观察组术后用透明质酸钠宫腔注射联合去氧孕烯炔雌醇。比较2组的疗效。结果观察组患者术后阴道出血持续时间、月经复潮时间及宫腔粘连、盆腔感染、周期性腹痛等并发症发生率均优于对照组。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对稽留流产患者实施人工流产术后,应用透明质酸钠宫腔注射联合去氧孕烯炔雌醇,能有效降低并发症的发生率,促进子宫内膜修复。     

Evaluation of sepramesh biosurgical composite in a rabbit hernia repair model

BACKGROUND: In cases such as incisional hernia repair, polypropylene mesh (PPM) can be exposed to the underlying viscera and cause adhesions to the mesh. In this study, a composite prosthesis that was designed to be less susceptible to adhesion formation than PPM was evaluated in a rabbit incisional hernia repair model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 5 x 7-cm full-thickness defect was created in the abdominal wall of 30 female New Zealand White rabbits. Ten animals each were repaired with PPM, Bard Composix (PP/ePTFE), or Sepramesh biosurgical composite-a polypropylene mesh coated on one side with chemically modified sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC). The animals were sacrificed after 28 days and the overall performance, including adhesion formation and tissue integration by histology and mechanical testing, was evaluated. RESULTS: In the Sepramesh group, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of surface area covered by adhesions and a significant increase in the percentage of animals with no adhesions compared to standard materials. The tissue integration strength and overall cellular response were similar in all groups. A partially remesothelialized peritoneal surface was often apparent overlying the Sepramesh implant. CONCLUSIONS: Sepramesh biosurgical composite effectively repaired abdominal wall defects in rabbits and reduced adhesion development to the mesh compared to the use of a PPM and a PP/ePTFE composite.     

Preventing intraperitoneal adhesions with atorvastatin and sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose: a comparative study in rats

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of atorvastatin with the sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC, Seprafilm; Genzyme; Genzyme Biosurgery Corporation, Cambridge, MA) in preventing postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation in rats.

Methods

Sixty Wistar rats underwent a laparotomy, and adhesions A were induced by cecal abrasion. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group 1, control A; group 2, (A + atorvastatin); group 3, (A + HA/CMC), and group 4, (A + atorvastatin + HA/CMC). The atorvastatin (groups 2 and 4) and HA/CMC (groups 3 and 4) were administered intraperitoneally before the abdominal wall was closed. After 14 days, adhesions were classified by 2 independent surgeons.

Results

The adhesion scores (mean ± standard deviation) for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 2.93 ± .59, 1.85 ± 1.07, 1.80 ± .86, and 1.93 ± .70, respectively. The differences in adhesion scores among all 3 preventive groups (groups 2, 3, and 4) were statistically significant when compared with the control group (P = .005, P = .002, and P = .009, respectively).

Conclusions

These data suggest that atorvastatin, administered intraperitoneally, is as effective as HA/CMC without an expectable additive effect in preventing postoperative adhesions in rats.     

Prevention of adhesion to prosthetic mesh in incisional ventral hernias: comparison of different barriers in an experimental model

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the intra-abdominal adhesion formation following ventral hernia repair by using oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) as a barrier underneath polypropylene mesh (PPM), and sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC)-coated PPM. METHODS: A ventral abdominal defect was created in each of 30 male rats which were divided into three groups. In group 1 (control) the defect was repaired with PPM; in group 2 ORC was laid over the viscera and the defect was repaired with PPM, and in group 3 HA/CMC-coated PPM was used for the repairing procedure. On the 28th postoperative day all the rats were sacrificed and adhesions were evaluated by laparoscopic exploration followed by histopathological examination. RESULTS: Animals treated with ORC and PPM, and HA/CMC-coated PPM showed significantly less adhesions than the control group (p = 0.026) and the intra-abdominal adhesions of the rats in these two groups were significantly easier to release than in the control group (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the ORC and HA/CMC groups. CONCLUSIONS: ORC used together with PPM is as effective as HA/CMC-coated PPM and ORC can be used as an adhesion barrier in intra-abdominal hernia repair.     

Prevention of adhesions by bioresorbable tissue barrier following laparoscopic intraabdominal mesh insertion

Intraabdominal adhesions represent a significant problem because of the morbidity associated with adhesive disease, including small bowel obstruction, difficulties in reoperative surgery, and possibly chronic pain. Coating solution of sodium hyaluronate (Sepracoat; Genzyme Production-Surgical Products, Cambridge, MA) was studied in New Zealand white rabbits to determine its potential role for prevention of postoperative adhesions following laparoscopic intraabdominal mesh insertion. A 2-cm polypropylene mesh was inserted laparoscopically to the left iliac fossa and fixed to anterior abdominal wall using a single prolen suture. Group 1 (n = 10) acted as the control group. Mesh was coated using 4% sodium hyaluronate in phosphate buffered saline (Sepracoat) in Group 2 (n = 10). Fourteen days later, all animals underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, and findings were recorded. All animals then were killed, the abdominal cavities were inspected, and adhesions were graded from 0 to 4. All meshes were removed and sent for histologic examination. The degrees of inflammation, fibrosis, and congestion were scored. No adhesions were seen on trocar sites on both groups. Eight of 10 animals in the control group and 5 of 10 animals in the study group had intraabdominal adhesions. The scoring of adhesions revealed that study group had only one (10%) significant adhesion, whereas the control group had eight (80%; < 0.001). Our study suggests that the Sepracoat reduces the incidence and severity of abdominal adhesions following laparoscopic mesh insertion and should be considered as a prophylactic agent, especially in those undergoing laparoscopic transabdominal mesh repair for hernia.     

Effective prevention of adhesions with hyaluronate

HYPOTHESIS: Hyaluronate sodium in the form of a bioresorbant membrane reduces the development of intra-abdominal adhesions frequently found after implantation of synthetic mesh in the context of surgical hernia repair. DESIGN: The effect of hyaluronate on the formation of adhesions was evaluated when applied laparoscopically as a bioresorbant membrane to protect the peritoneal surface of a synthetic mesh. SETTING: Experimental animal model. INTERVENTIONS: A peritoneal defect 5 cm in diameter was bilaterally created in the abdominal wall of each of 9 pigs by laparoscopy. A polypropylene mesh was fixed with clips onto these defects on both sides. In each of the animals, only on one side, the synthetic mesh was also covered by a hyaluronate membrane. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence and severity of adhesions (grade 0-4, where 0 indicates no adhesion; 1, filmy avascular adhesions; 2, vascular adhesions; 3, cordlike fibrous adhesions; and 4, plain fibrous adhesions) were determined after 45 days, comparing treated and untreated sides by autopsy results and histological features. RESULTS: Adhesions, mainly grades 3 and 4, occurred in 7 of the 9 animals in those meshes not covered by hyaluronate; 2 untreated animals did not develop adhesions. On the other hand, only 1 of the 9 animals developed adhesions (grade 2) at the mesh concealed by the hyaluronate membrane. CONCLUSIONS: The bioresorbant hyaluronate membrane significantly reduced the formation of peritoneal adhesions (1-sided sign test, P<.05) induced by the insertion of a polypropylene mesh, when compared with the contralateral implants not protected by hyaluronate. Thus, hyaluronate membranes are efficient for reducing the incidence of peritoneal adhesions.     

不同浓度透明质酸钠防肌腱粘连的对比研究

６０只白兔随机分为５组，于右后肢２、３趾屈肌腱Ⅱ区造成肌腱损伤，Ａ组伤腱不作处理，Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ组分别涂以０．５％、１．０％、１．５％、２．０％的透明质酸钠０．２ｍｌ，术后不同时间段取材，行大体，光镜观察、屈趾功能测定和计算机图像分析。结果：Ａ、Ｂ组腱周形成致密粘连，Ｃ、Ｄ组粘连较轻，Ｅ组几无粘连；透明质酸钠浓度与腱周组织中成纤维细胞计数、肌腱发生粘连长度的百分率间呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），与屈趾功能呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示用于防肌腱粘连的透明质酸钠浓度不宜低于１．０％，且浓度越高，效果越好。     

Role of a hyaluronate-based membrane in the prevention of peritonitis-induced adhesions

Adhesions remain a significant postoperative complication of abdominal surgery; however, recent evidence suggests that physical barriers may reduce their incidence. Although these adhesion prevention barriers are efficacious when used under aseptic conditions, little is known about their use in the presence of peritonitis, which is associated with an increased incidence of abdominal adhesions. A sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose bioresorbable membrane (HA membrane) has been shown recently to reduce postoperative adhesions in several animal models and in two clinical trials. To investigate the efficacy of HA membrane in the presence of peritonitis, generalized peritonitis was induced in rats by either cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or cecal ligation (CL) alone. The ceca were resected after 12 hours, and animals were randomly assigned to receive or not receive HA membrane applied to the cecum. At day 7, abdominal adhesions and abscesses were scored. In the presence of peritonitis, HA membrane did not significantly reduce the number or tenacity of adhesions. A trend toward increased abscess formarion was associated with HA membrane in the CL group. Although HA membrane has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of abdominal adhesions under aseptic conditions, this study demonstrates that it is not efficacious in preventing abdominal adhesions in the presence of peritonitis. The association between HA membrane and abscess formation in the presence of experimental peritonitis requires further investigation. Supported by the Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, Mass. Presented at the Fortieth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Orlando, Fla., May 16–19, 1999.     

丹渗注射液关节内注射预防关节粘连的实验研究

[目的] 探讨预防性关节内注射丹参注射液对关节粘连的影响.[方法] 24只日本雄性大耳白兔随机分为3组,每组8只,分别为盐水对照组(A组)、玻璃酸钠对照组(B组)、丹参治疗组(C组).手术切开右后膝关节,搜刮髌上囊前壁,切除大部分髌上囊后壁滑膜和髌下脂肪垫,术毕用长腿管形石膏固定右后肢膝关节于伸直位.每只动物采用的药物品种及剂量分别是:A组注生理盐水0.3 ml、B组注玻璃酸钠0.3 ml、C组注丹渗注射液0.3 ml,共4次.4周后空气栓塞处死动物,行关节活动度测量、关节腔大体观察、髌上囊滑膜组织的组织学观察和总胶原含量检测.[结果] 关节活动度B、C组大于A组(P<0.01),B、C组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);关节粘连计分B、C组均于小A组(P<0.01),B、C组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);髌上囊前壁滑膜病变组织学计分B、C、组均小于A组(P<0.01),B、C组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);髌上囊前壁滑膜组织总胶原含量B、C组小于A组(P<0.01).[结论] 丹参注射液关节内注射能有效预防关节粘连,且与玻璃酸钠的效果类似,这可能与丹参通过多种途径减少组织的胶原含量和/或降低组织损伤修复的病理反应有关.     

SPRAY OF PHOSPHOLIPID POWDER REDUCES PERITONEAL ADHESIONS IN RABBITS

Background : The possible effects of peritoneal dialysis and a combination of two exogenous phospholipids, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), on experimentally induced intraperitoneal adhesion formation in rabbits were compared. Methods : Fifty New Zealand rabbits equally divided in five groups underwent a midline laparotomy to create a right iliac fossa 5 × 1 cm parietal peritoneal defect and a matching defect over the adjacent large bowel. In 10 control rabbits (group I) the abdominal wound was closed without any further intervention. Twenty rabbits forming groups II and III underwent two sessions of peritoneal dialysis, one following abdominal closure and the second 24 h later, through a catheter placed at surgery. Rabbits in group III received an intraperitoneal injection of DPPC and PG after each session of dialysis. In 10 animals (group IV) a DPPC gel was applied to the defect over the large bowel and in 10 animals (group V) the peritoneal cavity was sprayed with a ‘puff’ of DPPC:PG (7:3) powder prior to abdominal closure. All the animals were killed a week after the laparotomy to assess the extent of adhesion formation. Results : The formation of adhesions was reduced in all the groups compared to the controls but a statistically significant difference was observed only in the group receiving the intraperitoneal ‘puff’ of DPPC:PG powder. Conclusion : A combination of DPPC and PG sprayed as a ‘puff’ intraperitoneally reduces experimentally induced peritoneal adhesions in rabbits.