血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的　总结血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效和初步经验。方法　对2 0例药物治疗无效的、反复短暂性缺血发作 (TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的大脑中动脉狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。术后常规给予抗血小板治疗 ,血管造影及TCD、SPECT进行影像学随访。结果　狭窄的血管均成功地进行扩张 ,术前术后狭窄程度分别为 (78.3± 4 .7) %与 (15 .6± 4 .4 ) % ,术后残余狭窄程度均小于 3 0 %。临床随访无TIA或脑梗死再发 ,DSA随访无血管再狭窄发生 ,经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)、SPECT检查显示脑血流明显改善。 1例发生大脑中动脉破裂出血。结论　血管内支架成形术治疗大脑中动脉狭窄是安全、有效的 ;长期疗效有待于进一步观察     

血管支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的研究血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法对27例症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者行血管腔内成形术。结果27例患者中,24例成功置入冠脉支架,术后即刻造影显示狭窄程度为(8±4)%,较术前(80±19)%改善明显。2例因支架置入困难改行经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)。平均随访18个月。25例患者术后短暂性脑缺血发作均未发生。无责任血管区新发脑梗死。1例支架置入后3h发生再灌注性脑出血。1例支架脱落后于颈内动脉虹吸部,后用抓捕器取出。1例支架置入术后6个月发生再狭窄。结论经皮血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的一种较安全有效的方法。长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

Wingspan自膨式支架在症状性大脑中动脉狭窄中的应用

目的 探讨Wingspan支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉水平段(M1段)狭窄的安全性和可行性.方法 回顾性分析32例经自膨式支架治疗的症状性大脑中动脉缺血反复发作、药物治疗无效的大脑中动脉狭窄患者的临床资料.本组男19例、女13例,平均年龄(49±19)岁.所有患者经过Gateway球囊预扩后,植入Wingspan自膨式支架.术后6个月对所有患者均进行电话或门诊随访,并建议所有随访患者进行经颅超声多普勒检查或血管造影检查,分析本组患者手术成功率、并发症以及临床疗效.结果 32例患者均成功植入支架,术前M1段狭窄率平均(76.5±15.4)%,支架植入后平均(19.3±9.2)%;球囊预扩引起1例颅内出血、1例M1段急性闭塞,无一例死亡.术后6个月随访无一例患者再发生缺血性神经事件;19例患者在术后6个月行经颅超声多普勒检查,结果显示血流速度正常;5例行血管造影.均显示支架段开通良好,8例患者拒绝影像检查.结论 采用自膨式支架对有症状的M1段狭窄进行成形术可行、安全,近期随访证实疗效确切,但长期疗效还需要进一步观察.     

经皮血管内球囊扩张及支架置入术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的：探讨症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的血管内治疗适应证、技术可行性及疗效。方法：回顾性分析自1997年3月至2001年10月收治的经血管内方法治疗的症状性大脑中动脉狭窄14例患者的技术成功率、并发症以及临床疗效，14例患者中9你是2001年以前的病例，单纯采用血管内球囊扩张术，而2001年5例患者全部采取血管内支架成形术。结果：采用球囊扩张的9例患者成功扩张5例，从术前平均狭窄67％扩张到术后的18％，2例由于球囊到位困难而放弃，2例患者出现与技术有关的严重并发症。该5例手术成功的患者，经过平均21个月随访，症状消失2例，所有患者随访期间病情平稳，无卒中发生。5例近期使用冠状动脉支架置入患者，4例成功，术后即刻造影显示狭窄程度从术前的平均85％下降到术后的平均10％，大脑中动脉血流明显增加。1例在支架到位后出现血管破裂。短期随访无卒中再发作（3-5个月）。结论：经皮球囊血管成形术以及支架置入术对于症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的治疗有效，技术可行。支架血管内成形术虽然刚刚起步，更有发展潜力，需要进一步的实践和临床随访。     

急诊血管成形及支架植入术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞

目的 评估急诊血管支架成形术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞的可行性、有效性及安全性.方法 回顾分析2008年8月至2011年5月收治的12例行急诊支架开通术的急性大脑中动脉闭塞患者.在支架植入术后对再通结果进行TIMI评分,并对术中及术后并发症、治疗前后的神经功能进行评估.术后3个月进行随访.结果 12例患者在大脑中动脉支架植入术后随即进行DSA造影,结果显示血流均达到部分或完全再通(TIMI:2和3).1例患者在术后当天因大脑中动脉再次闭塞而死亡.随访中9例患者预后较好(mRS:0 ～2),2例患者预后欠佳.术后CTA及MRA随访显示11例患者中有2例血管再发轻度狭窄.结论 急诊行血管支架成形术治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞可行,有较高再通率,且安全有效.     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的：探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的可行性及疗效。材料和方法：对27例症状性颅内动脉狭窄行血管内支架成形术,其中颈内动脉颅内段狭窄8例、大脑中动脉狭窄11例、基底动脉狭窄1例和椎动脉颅内段狭窄7处。结果：27例中,支架成形术成功26例(96．3%),狭窄程度从术前76．3±10．1%降至术后8．2±6．9%。其中1例因颈内动脉虹吸段过度迂曲导致支架植入失败,2例术后24h内发生颅内出血,1例术后发生支架内血栓再形成,无手术死亡。22例随访0．5～1a(平均7．5个月),无缺血性脑卒中发生。结论：血管内支架成形术是治疗颅内动脉狭窄的有效方法,具有较高的成功率及一定的安全性,但长期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的内支架成形术

目的　研究内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的效果和安全性。方法　 2 0 0 1年 6月至 2 0 0 2年 4月间 ,16例症状性椎基底动脉狭窄患者接受了成形术。结果　 7例为一侧椎动脉狭窄、对侧椎动脉狭窄或闭塞 ,7例为优势侧椎动脉狭窄或对侧椎动脉仅供血小脑后下动脉区域 ,1例为基底动脉狭窄 (孤立性后组循环 ) ,1例为狭窄的椎动脉直接与小脑后下动脉延续。狭窄段位于椎动脉开口部 10例 ,位于颅内段 6例 ,1例患者为椎动脉近端 2处狭窄。MoriA型病变 12例 ,B型病变 3例 ,C型病变 1例。全组技术成功率 10 0 % ,平均狭窄率从 73.2 % (5 0 %～ 95 % )下降到 5 .1% (0～ 30 % ) ,P <0 .0 1。在围手术期内无严重并发症发生。随访 1～ 12个月 (平均 4 .4个月 ) ,按Malek评分 ,疗效极好 15例 ,疗效较好 1例。结论　对症状性基底动脉狭窄进行内支架成形术是安全和有效的方法 ,但长期疗效需要进一步积累病例和随访研究。     

双微导丝技术用于径路血管极度迂曲的症状性大脑中动脉狭窄支架成形术

目的　报道使用双微导丝技术成功地完成 2例症状性大脑中动脉 (MCA)狭窄支架成形术的经验。方法　 2例患者临床上均以半球短暂脑缺血发作 (TIA)为特征 ,血管造影证实大脑中动脉(MCA)主干 (M1段 )狭窄伴同侧颈内动脉 (ICA)虹吸段极度迂曲。均首先采用常规技术 ,在支架通过失败后 ,改用双导丝技术。结果　 2例支架均较为顺利地到达靶病变 ,定位准确 ,扩张满意 ,远端前向血流明显改善 ,残余狭窄分别为 0 %和 10 %。围手术期无任何并发症发生 ,短期随访无缺血事件发作。结论　在颅内支架成形术中 ,双微导丝技术是克服径路血管迂曲的一种方法。     

支架与药物治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄远期疗效对比

目的 对比分析支架植入与药物治疗症状性中重度颅内动脉狭窄的远期随访疗效.方法 采用回顾性研究、Kaplan-Meier法生存分析、Cox回归模型等统计方法,对199例症状性中重度颅内动脉狭窄患者经支架植入与单纯药物治疗的临床资料进行对比分析,比较两种治疗方式的安全有效性及近、远期获益差异.结果 Apollo、Wingspan、Solitaire支架植入成功率分别为100％、97.4％、98.5％,即刻残余狭窄分别由术前(70.20±12.02)％、(78.61±12.15)％、(78.44±11.82)％下降至术后(18.00±6.33)％、(23.65±10.71)％、(17.21±8.02)％.支架植入组9例(8.5％)发生围手术期并发症,其中术中栓子脱落、穿支闭塞4例,急性血栓形成1例,血管迷走神经反射2例,再灌注脑出血1例,术后第5天动脉-动脉栓塞事件1例.支架植入组与药物治疗组患者间主要终点事件发生率和累积发生率差异均无统计学意义(P=0.824,P=0.867).结论 Solitaire支架和Wingspan支架植入治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄均具有良好的安全有效性,远期获益与药物治疗相比无显著差异.     

症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术后早期新发缺血性脑损害的临床研究

目的 分析症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术后早期发生的缺血性脑损害情况,探讨颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术的早期疗效和安全性.方法 对29例症状性颅内动脉狭窄行WingSpan支架成形术治疗的患者,在支架成形术前、术后(72 h内)行弥散磁共振成像(DWI)检查,结合患者一般临床情况、手术情况、新发缺血性脑损害等资料,以NIHSS评分评价神经系统障碍严重程度,系统评价WingSpan支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄早期的安全性和疗效.结果 支架成形术患者术前及术后即刻平均狭窄分别为(72.3±10.7)%与(29.5±13.9)%.并发症发生率为17.2%,神经系统并发症2例(6.9%).DWI检出的新发缺血性脑损害13例(44.8%),其中无症状者11例(84.6%).13例中共检出新发缺血性脑损害病灶63个,其中55个(87.3%)位于靶血管供血区域,8个(12.7%)位于非靶血管供血区域.2个(3.2%)出现在支架覆盖血管相关穿支供血区域.永久神经功能障碍的并发症率为0,无病死率.结论 DWI检查在评价颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术中的安全性具有重要参考价值.应用WingSpan支架系统治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄围手术期安全有效.术后早期有一定比率的缺血性脑损害发生,尽管大部分是无症状的,但应引起临床医师的重视.     

症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄支架植入术后血流动力学研究

目的 探讨症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者接受颅内支架植入术前后脑血流动力学变化.方法 回顾成功实施颅内支架植入术的39例症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者基线资料,对采用经颅多普勒超声检测术前、术后1周、术后3个月大脑中动脉狭窄段收缩期峰值流速(PSV)和脉动指数(PI)进行分析,比较手术前后病变血管血流动力学变化.结果 39例患者中1例术后狭窄改善不明显,38例动脉平均管径狭窄率由治疗前(80.3±8.5)％改善为术后即刻(16.3±9.2)％(P=0.011).术后1周、术后3个月大脑中动脉狭窄段PSV与术前比较有明显降低(P=0.023),PI也较术前明显降低(P=0.028).术后3个月时2例患者平均PSV回复升高31％～39％;术后3个月与术后1周比较,平均PSV略有升高(P=0.129),PI稍有增高(P=0.115),但差异无统计学意义.结论 症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者接受颅内支架植入术后短期内脑血流得到有效增加,长期血流改善程度有待观察.     

Primary angioplasty for a subtype of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

Introduction  

The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of middle cerebral artery revascularisation by primary balloon angioplasty for the prevention of stroke in a certain subtype of patients.     

Elective stenting of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

Percutaneous balloon angioplasty has been found to be useful for the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic arterial stenosis. Nonetheless, an ongoing risk of this procedure is arterial dissection, which increases the hazards of acute closure, stroke, and restenosis. Stenting of the intracranial vasculature recently has been shown to be feasible in a variety of circumstances. To our knowledge, however, stenting of the middle cerebral artery has not been possible until now primarily because of difficulty with tracking stents across the carotid siphon. We describe the successful treatment of a symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis achieved using a balloon-expandable flexible coronary stent.     

Wingspan stent for symptomatic M1 stenosis of middle cerebral artery

Objective

Stent placement for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has become an alternative treatment technique; however, stent placement for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis remains a technical and clinical challenge. Our purpose was to assess the safety and feasibility of Wingspan stent for patients with symptomatic M1 stenosis, and its initial effect on prevention of ischemic events.

Methods

Fifty-three cases with recurrent symptomatic MCA stenosis resistant to medical therapy treated by self-expanding stent were reviewed retrospectively (average 58 ± 18.5 years old, 19 women). All patients underwent angioplasty and stenting with the Gateway balloon–Wingspan stent system, and advised follow-up with DSA or TCD at 6th month.

Results

Patients had an average stenosis ratio of 76.5 ± 15.4% prior to the treatment. Of the 53 patients, the technical success rate was 98.1% as a whole (52/53). The mean degree of stenosis reduced from (76.5 ± 15.4)% to (18.2 ± 11.3)%. Complications associated with the procedure include subarachnoid hemorrhage (1.89%) and occlusion (3.78%) occurred. During a follow-up of 6 months, there was no recurrence of transient ischemic attack or stroke in 52 cases with successful stenting. Cerebral hemodynamics of MCA using transcranial Doppler monitoring were at normal level (<120 cm/s) in 41 follow-up patients. The follow up angiography at 6 month post-procedure was conducted in 32 patients and showed good patency in stented vessels.

Conclusions

Wingspan stent for symptomatic stenosis of middle cerebral artery is a safe and feasible procedure. It improves clinical outcome in the intermediate follow up, but its long-term effect remains to be further evaluated.     

Preliminary results of endovascular stent-assisted angioplasty for symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stent placement for intracranial atherosclerosis has become an alternative treatment technique; however, stent placement for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis remains a technical and clinical challenge. Our purpose was to assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of stent placement for MCA stenosis. METHODS: Between May 1998 and August 2003, we performed stent placement for MCA stenosis (more than 50%) in 17 patients and retrospectively analyzed the technical success rate, complications, and outcomes over 10 months. RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in 16 (94.1%) patients and failed in one patient (5.9%), because the stent did not reach the lesion due to carotid artery tortuousity. In 16 patients, postprocedural angiography showed restoration of the normal luminal diameter. Acute in-stent thromboses occurred in nine patients (56.3%) and was lysed with abciximab. The parent artery ruptured in two patients (12.5%): One died from massive subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the other patient received a second stent over the tear site. Stent jumping (distal migration at the time of balloon inflation) occurred in one patient (6.3%) and was solved by implanting a second stent. Periprocedural complications included subacute in-stent thrombosis (n = 1, 6.3%) and minor stroke (n=1, 6.3%); these were relieved with heparin therapy or local thrombolysis. Fifteen patients experienced symptomatic relief or were stable at follow-up. Angiographic follow-up (n=6) revealed no in-stent restenosis. CONCLUSION: Stent placement for symptomatic MCA stenosis was technically feasible and effective in alleviating symptoms and improving cerebral blood flow.     

High resolution MR imaging in patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

Purpose

High resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) has been used as an imaging modality to depict the intracranial artery wall. The aim of this study was to compare images of the vessel wall between symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic plaques of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using HRMRI.

Materials and methods

From September 2009 to August 2010 we prospectively screened consecutive patients for MCA stenosis using time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography. We studied 14 patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis and 16 patients with asymptomatic MCA stenosis. The HRMRI protocol included three different scans: T1-, T2-, and proton density (PD)-weighted black blood MRI. The cross-sectional images of the MCA wall on HRMRI were compared between the two groups based on the degree of stenosis, remodeling ratio, outward or inward remodeling, plaque signal intensity, plaque surface irregularity, and presence of an intact inner wall.

Results

The degree of MCA stenosis and the ratio of plaque thickening to patent lumen in the symptomatic group were significantly higher than in the asymptomatic group. Outward remodeling of the stenotic area in symptomatic group was significantly higher than that seen in the asymptomatic group, and the reverse was true for inward remodeling of the stenotic area (it was significantly higher in the asymptomatic group compared to the symptomatic group). T2- and PD-weighted high signal foci, eccentric wall thickening, and plaque volume in the stenotic area were all similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

HRMRI has the potential to distinguish between atherosclerotic plaques in symptomatic and asymptomatic MCA stenoses.