应用新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的初步研究

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的可行性及近期疗效。方法　 2 0 0 2年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 7月采用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器对 2 6例 (男 11例 ,女 15例 )膜周部VSD(2 0例合并膜部瘤 )患者进行封堵治疗。患者年龄 3～ 4 0 (16 4± 10 7)岁 ,胸超声提示VSD的直径为 3～ 14 (4 7± 1 0 )mm。在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器 ,并分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 2 5例患者封堵器置入成功 ,技术成功率 96 %。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 2 0例 ,少量残余分流 2例 ,微量残余分流 3例 ,均在 1天至 3个月内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞 1例 ,但无心肌受损表现 ,余无其他严重并发症发生。 1例嵴内型VSD由于距主动脉瓣较近 ,封堵未成功。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,但中、远期疗效尚需更大规模的临床观察     

对称型室间隔封堵器在先天性膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗的应用

目的探讨对称型封堵器(SVSO)介入治疗膜周部室间隔缺损(PMVSD)的临床疗效。方法应用SVSO介入治疗63例PMVSD患者。结果手术技术成功率93.0%(58/63)。PMVSD直径5.1±1.9mm,PMVSD距主动脉瓣2.7±1.0mm,SVSO直径7.2±2.1mm。即刻封闭率94.8%。心律失常发生率23.8%(15/63例),心肌损伤2例,封堵器脱落1例,术后新发生的主动脉瓣关闭不全1例,右心室流出道梗阻1例。平均随访7.4±2.7个月,无残余分流、封堵器移位或破损及感染性心内膜炎等发生。结论应用SVSO介入治疗PMVSD疗效好、安全性高,但要高度重视其可能发生的并发症,尤其是要做好心律失常的防治。     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect using a modified double-disk occluder

This multicenter study assessed the efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) using a modified double-disk occluder. In 5 different centers in China, 412 patients with VSD, including 202 men and 210 women, underwent attempted transcatheter closure. The age range was 3 to 65 years (mean 16.4+/-9.1). The diameter of defect was 3 to 15 mm by transthoracic echocardiography and 3 to 18 mm by left ventriculography. The ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow varied from 1.6 to 2.3 (1.9+/-0.4). The device diameter was 4 to 20 mm (7.09+/-3.60). The ventricular septal rim below the aortic valve was 0 to 5 mm. The immediate success rate was 96.6%; 6 cases had third degree atrioventricular block and recovered within 3 weeks. None needed a permanent pacemaker. Dislodgement of the device occurred in 3 patients but the device was recaptured and redeployed in 2 cases. During the follow-up period of 2 years, there was no evidence of residual shunt and device-related complications. In conclusion, transcatheter closure of VSD is safe and effective in most selected patients; the mid-term prognosis of patients with transcatheter closure is good.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect using an Amplatzer occluder--early results

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with the use of an Amplatzer occluder was introduced in 1999, however, clinical experience with this method remains limited. AIM: To assess short-term safety and efficacy of this technique in children. METHODS: Since 2001, nine children underwent transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect in the cardiac centre in Bratislava (Slovak Republic) or in our centre. Patients were selected for the procedure based on the results of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Transcatheter closure using the Amplatzer occluder was guided by both TEE and angiography. The follow-up duration ranged from 3 to 22 months, mean 11.5 months. Control angiography was performed in order to detect any leakage through the aortic valve. The end-diastolic left ventricular diameter before and after the procedure as well as the function of the aortic, tricuspid and mitral valves were also assessed. RESULTS: The procedure was effective in all patients. No damage to atrio-ventricular nor aortic valves was observed. Tricuspid regurgitation, present prior to the procedure, markedly decreased following the closure of the defect. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter significantly (p=0.001) decreased after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Perimembranous ventricular septal defect can be safely and effectively closed using a transcatheter Amplatzer occluder. (2) Appropriate selection for the procedure as well as TEE and angiographic guidance during the procedure enable the avoidance of complications. (3) Tricuspid regurgitation is not an absolute contraindication to perform this procedure.     

经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部室间隔缺损

目的 :经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部室间隔缺损 (perimembranousventricularseptaldefect,PMVSD) ,并对其疗效进行初步分析。方法 :18例室间隔缺损 (VSD)中男性 8例 ,女性 10例 ,平均年龄 7 6岁 ,平均体重 2 6 9kg。局麻下行右心导管检查 ,左室造影测量室缺大小 ,经VSD建立股动脉 股静脉轨道 ,封堵器沿传送装置送至左室 ,打开左侧伞并确认铂金标记 (MARK)位于 6点位 ,指向心尖 ,在室间隔右室侧打开右侧伞 ,经超声心动图和左室造影确认封堵器位置良好 ,无残余分流 ,无三尖瓣及主动脉瓣关闭不全后释放封堵器。结果 :18例VSD患者封堵手术均获成功。VSD平均大小 3 9mm ,所选封堵器平均大小 7 1mm ,放射线观察MARK均在 6点位置。封堵效果良好 ,术后 2 4h左室舒张末径明显缩小 ;术后 2 4h仅 2例有微量残余分流 ,无 1例出现主动脉瓣关闭不全 ,无其它严重并发症 ,平均住院3 5d。结论 :经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部VSD封堵效果好 ,恢复快 ,免除开胸创伤及体外循环等高风险 ,值得进一步推广。     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with amplatzer membranous occluder

BACKGROUND: Use of trancatheter device closure for membranous ventricular septal defect is still in evolving phase. We report the early and mid-term results of our experience with the new asymmetric Amplatzer membranous ventricular septal defect occluder. METHODS AND RESULTS: We attempted, transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect using asymmetric Amplatzer occluder in 26 patients. The patients were selected on the basis of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of the ventricular septal defect. The procedure was successful in 21 (81%) patients. The age ranged from 3 to 23 years, weight from 10 to 59 kg and defect size ranged from 3 to 9 mm (mean: 5 +/- 1.8 mm). One patient had situs inversus with dextrocardia: 11 had aneurysmal tissue partly occluding the defect and the device was deployed either across (n=6) or within the aneurysmal sac (n=5). Three patients developed high degree atrioventricular block on attempts to cross the defect with the sheath and the procedure was discontinued. In two patients it was not possible to place the sheath in left ventricle despite repeated attempts. There was a residual flow in 4 (19%) patients at 24 hours. Two patients developed bundle branch block and none had complete heart block. At follow-up (1-9 months, n=20), residual flow was seen in two patients. None developed late conduction defect, aortic regurgitation, infective endocarditis or hemolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect can be performed safely and effectively with the new asymmetric Amplatzer occluder device in selected patients with good short- and midterm results. These devices can be deployed safely in and across and the aneurysmal sacs. In selected cases, this procedure is a satisfactory alternative to surgery.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with Amplatzer occluder assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

We report our initial experience in two patients using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to assess perimembranous ventricular septal defect and device morphology and their relation with contiguous cardiac structure. Defect size and rims as well as device position and profile were displayed from the three-dimensional "en face" views. We think that real-time three-dimensional echocardiography could be a complementary approach to angiography and transesophageal echocardiography in performing transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous and intracristal ventricular septal defects with the SHSMA occluder

Objectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) and intracristal VSD (icVSD) using the Shanghai Shape Memory Alloy (SHSMA) pmVSD occluder. Background : There is still limited experience with transcatheter closure of pmVSD and icVSD. Methods : Between January 2003 and September 2010, 348 patients with pmVSD and 47 patients with icVSD underwent transcatheter closure using a SHSMA pmVSD occluder. Results : The total successful closure rate in pmVSD and icVSD subjects was 97.4 and 78.7%, respectively. During the perioperative period, no death, major bleeding or hemolysis occurred in both groups. In pmVSD group, one case of occluder dislodgement, one case of pericardial tamponade, and two cases of thromboembolism occurred. None in icVSD group had these complications. During a median of 3.2 years of follow‐up, there was no evidence of significant residual shunt and device‐related valve regurgitation. None in icVSD group and 10 patients (2.9%) in pmVSD group had a persistent arrhythmia. Overall, only one patient (0.3%) with pmVSD acquired complete atrioventricular block requiring implantation of a permanent pacemaker. The rim from the tricuspid valve to the defect < 4 mm was the only predictor of arrhythmic complications after procedure (OR = 4.24; P = 0.021). Conclusions : Transcatheter closure of pmVSD in selected patients using the SHSMA occluder is effective and safe. Transcatheter closure of icVSD in experienced hands using this device is also feasible and safe. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器的疗效比较

目的比较国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器在经导管室间隔缺损封堵术中的疗效。方法41例患儿采用Amplatzer封堵器,76例患儿采用国产封堵器进行室间隔缺损封堵术,对比两组的疗效、并发症和费用等情况。结果国产组75例封堵成功（成功率99%）,进口组40例封堵成功（成功率98%）。两组患儿术前各项临床指标、手术和X线曝光时间、封堵成功率及住院天数,术后各项并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义,两组患儿治疗前后左室舒张末径、收缩末径及C/T值减少程度无明显差异,治疗总费用进口组明显高于国产组。结论国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器相比较其疗效、并发症发生率无显著差异,治疗费用低,临床应用前景广泛。     

Transcatheter membranous ventricular septal defect closure through a mechanical aortic prosthesis using the Amplatzer membranous ventricular septal defect occluder

An iatrogenic ventricular septal defect (VSD) after aortic valve replacement is rare, but represents a significant complication. Repeat surgery to repair such a defect carries a high surgical risk. The transcatheter approach (either transvascular or transapical) could be considered as an alternative to open chest surgery. We describe the successful transcatheter closure of an iatrogenic VSD with an Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder in a patient with previous combined mitral and aortic mechanical valve replacements. The device was implanted through a CarboMedics mechanical valve in the aortic position. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Transcatheter closure of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect with Amplatzer septal occluder.

Rupture of the interventricular septum is an uncommon but often fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction. Transcatheter closure is an established method of treating selected congenital defects but clinical experience on transcatheter closure of postinfarction ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is minimal. We report a case of successful transcatheter closure of postinfarction VSD using the Amplatzer septal occluder.     

Percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect associated with a ventricular septal aneurysm using the Amplatzer ductal occluder.

Amplatzer ductal occluders were used for percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with associated ventricular septal aneurysm in three patients. The device was well positioned and the ventricular left-to-right shunt was significantly decreased in all three patients. The procedure was tolerated well without complications in each case.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects

Although effective, transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSD) with the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, MN) carries a substantial risk of complete heart block, prompting many to abandon this intervention. A newly designed Amplatzer device for pmVSD was modified, in part, to minimize this risk. After rigorous preclinical testing, we report the first human experience with the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder 2 (AGA Medical Corporation) in two patients (a 5‐year old with a 12‐mm pmVSD and a 26‐year‐old male with a 8‐mm defect). Both procedures were successful, with no adverse events at 7 and 4 weeks of follow‐up, respectively. Herein, we discuss characteristics of the new device, potential advantages compared to the prior version, and main technical aspects related to the procedure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损

目的 :探讨 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损的临床应用价值。方法 :全组患者 6（男 2 ,女 4）例 ,年龄 4～ 5 0岁 ,经 TTE或 TEE检查诊断为多孔房间隔缺损。均在 X线和 TTE或 TEE监测下经导管行 Amplatzer封堵器治疗。术后重复 TTE或 TEE、ECG及 X线平片检查以评价疗效。结果 :全组 6例患者 Amplatzer封堵器置入均获成功 ,术中无重要并发症发生。其中置入 1个封堵器的患者 5例 ,置入 2个封堵器的患者 1例。术后即刻TTE或 TEE检查 5例无残余分流 ,1例小缺损孔有少量残余分流 ,随访 1年中少量残余分流仍存在。1例肺动脉压中度增高患者 ,术后 3 0 min测量肺动脉压下降 >2 0 mm Hg。随访期间所有患者封堵器位置形态良好 ,未发现封堵器的变形 ,移位以及金属结构断裂等改变 ;右房 ,右室有不同程度的缩小 ,X线平片显示肺血有不同程度减少 ;术后ECG检查均未见心律失常发生。结论 :Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损是安全有效的。对于相隔距离较近的多孔房间隔缺损 ,可采用单个封堵器封堵 ;而相隔距离较远的缺损 ,可采用同时置入两个封堵器     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损及对心脏传导系统的影响

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部及肌部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的疗效和对心脏传导系统的影响。方法　 2 0 0 3- 0 7～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 4采用新型Amplatzer膜部及肌部VSD封堵器对 12例膜周部VSD和 2例肌部VSD患者进行封堵治疗。对心脏多普勒超声检查符合导管封堵条件病人术前常规进行心导管检查 ,测定血流动力学各项参数。在X线透视、食管或经胸超声的监测下建立股动静脉轨道 ,经右心系统释放封堵器。对 12例膜周部VSD病人在手术前、后进行心内电生理检查 ,测定房室传导时间 (AV间期 )和房室结不应期 ,观察封堵手术对心脏传导系统的影响。病人分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 14例患者 (男 8例 ,女 6例 )封堵器置入全部成功。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 12例 ,微量残余分流 2例 ,均在 1d内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。 12例膜周部VSD病人封堵后即刻AV间期有不同程度的延长 ,其中 3例术后AV间期 >2 0 0ms,1周后心电图检查 2例PR间期恢复正常。封堵前后房室结不应期无明显变化。未出现Ⅱ度以上房室传导阻滞和束支传导阻滞 ,无心肌受损表现 ,无其它严重并发症发生。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部和肌部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部和肌部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,是导