Endovascular repair of symptomatic coronary-subclavian steal syndrome due to stenosis of the proximal left subclavian artery

We report a patient with left subclavian artery stenosis in whom the internal thoracic artery (ITA) had been used as a coronary bypass. She presented with symptomatic myocardial and brain ischemia resulting from coronary-subclavian steal syndrome and was successfully treated with angioplasty and stenting.     

Symptomatic angina secondary to coronary-subclavian steal syndrome treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian artery.

Subclavian artery stenosis causing severely symptomatic angina in a patient with a previous left internal mammary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery was treated successfully with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Baseline arteriography clearly revealed subclavian and coronary steal by evidence of competitive flow of nonopacified blood from the left vertebral artery. Although there was a difference of only 15 mm Hg between the right and left brachial arteries, there was a palpable difference in the upstroke of these pulses. The stenosis in the subclavian artery was successfully dilated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Angiographic evidence of subclavian steal resolved following balloon dilatation, and the patient's angina was completely resolved.     

Symptomatic angina secondary to coronary-subclavian steal syndrome treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian artery

Subclavian artery stenosis causing severely symptomatic angina in a patient with a previous left internal mammary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery was treated successfully with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Baseline arteriography clearly revealed subclavian and coronary steal by evidence of competitive flow of nonopacified blood from the left vertebral artery. Although there was a difference of only 15 mm Hg between the right and left brachial arteries, there was a palpable difference in the upstroke of these pulses. The stenosis in the subclavian artery was successfully dilated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Angiographic evidence of subclavian steal resolved following balloon dilatation, and the patient's angina was completely resolved. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Percutaneous recanalization of chronic subclavian artery occlusion using optical coherence reflectometry-guided radiofrequency ablation guidewire.

Subclavian artery lesion that is associated with low complication rate could be treated by percutaneous intervention effectively. However, the success of endovascular therapy for occlusive lesion may be limited by failure to cross with a guidewire. We describe the use of a system using optical coherence reflectometry for navigation and radiofrequency ablation to enable wire passage through subclavian artery occlusion that could not be crossed by conventional guidewires.     

Percutaneous treatment of coronary subclavian steal syndrome

Coronary subclavian steal syndrome arises when a stenosis of the subclavian artery results in reduced antegrade or retrograde flow in an internal mammary artery with resultant coronary ischemia. This occurs in patients who have previously undergone surgical coronary revascularization utilizing an internal mammary artery graft. This syndrome can be successfully treated percutaneously with excellent immediate and long-term results.     

Restenosis following subclavian artery angioplasty for treatment of coronary-subclavian steal syndrome: Definitive treatment with Palmaz-stent placement

We report a case of progressive angina pectoris 4 years post coronary bypass surgery, in which the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was grafted to the native left anterior descending coronary artery. The coronary-subclavian steal phenomenon was proven angiographically with retrograde reflux through the LIMA graft into the distal subclavian vessel, downstream from a critical stenosis at the origin of the subclavian artery. After initially successful angioplasty of the ostial subclavian lesion, restenosis and return of angina prompted repeat dilatation and placement of a Palmaz 154-M stent. Follow-up catheterization has demonstrated persistent patency at the stented site and absence of coronary steal. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for innominate artery stenosis and total occlusion of subclavian artery in Takayasu's-type arteritis

Previous reports describe high success rates achieved by dilating subclavian artery stenoses. Attempts at angioplasty for total occlusions have been uniformly unsuccessful. No previous case successfully recanalizing total subclavian artery occlusion was found after an extensive literature search. Modified guidewire technique facilitated safe crossing of the occlusion.     

Percutaneous revascularization of subclavian artery chronic occlusion with dual cerebral artery protection

Percutaneous intervention for symptomatic subclavian artery chronic occlusion is an occasionally performed, minimally invasive alternative to surgical bypass. Potential complications include stroke, perforation, and recanalization failure. We discuss a case of successful percutaneous revascularization of symptomatic subclavian artery chronic occlusion using coronary devices and dual cerebral embolic protection. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Feasibility of endovascular recanalization for symptomatic cervical internal carotid artery occlusion.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report technical details and clinical results of the first series of endovascular recanalization for cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. BACKGROUND: Cervical ICA occlusion is associated with impaired cerebral perfusion, which may lead to ischemic cerebral symptoms and hemodynamic infarcts. Neither surgical nor endovascular revascularization has been shown to benefit this population. METHODS: Endovascular recanalization was attempted in 30 patients with ICA occlusions (27 men; age 72.1 +/- 8.0 years, range 48 to 85 years). Recurrent neurologic deficit or cerebral ischemia by perfusion study, after known ICA occlusion, was noted in all patients. Strategies and devices for coronary occlusion intervention were applied, including microcatheter-supported tapered-tip stiff coronary guidewires. Contralateral ICA stenosis was found in 9 patients (30%). All patients underwent independent neurologic and duplex ultrasound follow-up. RESULTS: The overall technical success rate was 73% (22 of 30). No neck hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage, or hyperperfusion was noted. One (3.3%) fatal brainstem infarction occurred 1 day after a successful ICA procedure, with angiographically proven acute basilar artery occlusion and patent ICA stent. Baseline ophthalmic artery flow was reversed in 15 of the 22 successfully recanalized patients, and was normalized in 12 after the procedure. There was no new cerebral ischemic event or neurologic death for a mean follow-up of 16.1 +/- 18.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular recanalization for cervical ICA occlusion is feasible with acceptable midterm clinical results.     

Our experience of coronary intervention. Intracoronary guide wire recanalization and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Our old and new trials of coronary intervention therapy are introduced and analyzed. A method using intracoronary guide wire recanalization (Endo's method) is introduced. Two unusual cases of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) from our initial experience of 18 cases are also presented. One is a 60-year-old patient who had transient complete right bundle branch block in a post-PTCA treadmill test. The other is a 45-year-old patient with unstable angina who developed myocardial infarction right after the PTCA but in whom post-PTCA coronary arteriography showed no apparent stenosis at the site of the PTCA.     

Coronary subclavian steal syndrome: treatment by stenting of the left subclavian artery

A 48-year-old Turkish male presented with worsening angina and a painful left hand eight years after coronary artery bypass surgery. Coronary angiography showed extensive coronary atherosclerosis with patent vein grafts to his diagonal branch and right coronary arteries. There was a severe narrowing lesion in the left subclavian artery before the origin of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), which appeared patent. Percutaneous subclavian angioplasty and stent implantation to the left subclavian artery stenosis restored normal flow to the left hand and the LIMA with abolition of his ischemic hand symptom and marked improvement of his angina.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian arteries.

AIM: The aim of this study was to review the feasibility, safety and long-term results of subclavian artery (SA) angioplasty. METHODS: Over 14 years, 237 patients (males: 135; mean age: 64+/-12 years) underwent percutaneous treatment for SA occlusive disease. Indications for treatment were upper limb ischemia (n=125), vertebrobasilar insufficiency (n=128), coronary steal (n=11) and anticipated coronary bypass surgery in asymptomatic patients (n=26). A total of 192 arteries were stenosed and 45 occluded. Mean percentage stenosis was 81.9+/-7.6% and mean lesion length was 23.8+/-8.8 mm. Percutaneous techniques included retrograde femoral (n=163), brachial artery (n=47) access or both (n=14) and in 4 cases the 'pull through technique'. An isolated balloon angioplasty was performed in 59 cases. We implanted 132 balloon expandable stents and 32 self-expandable stents. RESULTS: Technical success was obtained in 223 lesions (94%). Only 31 occlusions were recanalized (69%). Four periprocedural events occurred (1.2%), 1 major (fatal) stroke, 1 transient ischemic attack and 2 arterial thromboses. At follow-up (mean follow-up: 65.8+/-33.5 months), we had 27 restenoses (12%). Thirteen occurred following angioplasty alone (18.8%) and 14 following angioplasty and stent implantation (8.4%). Primary (PI) and secondary (PII) patencies on an intention to treat basis at 10-year follow-up were 78.1% and 84.5%, respectively. In patients without initial stent placement, the rates were 67.5% and 75.5%, while in those with stents the rates rose to 89.7% and 96.9% (P<0.01). PI for all recanalized lesions were 84.6%, 79.1% without stent, 89.7% with stent (P<0.04) and PII 91.6%, 88.5%, 96.9%, respectively (P<0.02). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is currently the treatment of choice for SA lesions. It is a safe and effective procedure associated with low risks and good long-term results. Stents seem to limit the restenosis rate and improve long-term results.     

症状性椎动脉颅内段慢性闭塞血管内再通二例

从本期起,本刊开办血管内介入治疗脑血管病,即“介入治疗病例透视”的栏目,就目前的临床热点进行研讨。本期的内容是第五届缺血性脑血管介入治疗青年沙龙研讨的病例,供读者思考。目前,对颅内动脉重度狭窄,介入治疗的结果似乎优于规范的内科治疗,但对有些完全闭塞的病变,尚未导致大面积脑梗死,同时由于低灌注而不断有症状发怍的患者,文献报道的治疗方法不多。本文作者尝试使用介入治疗的方法使已经完全闭塞的血管再通,应用介入治疗已完全闭塞的颅内动脉在适应证以及技术方面均应谨慎对待。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in an embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion

A young lady developed left middle cerebral artery embolism after percutaneous transseptal mitral commissurotomy. She was successfully treated with immediate percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. There was complete recovery of neurological deficit.     

Subclavian balloon angioplasty in the management of the coronary-subclavian steal syndrome.

The syndrome of coronary-subclavian steal presenting with angina pectoris after coronary revascularization with the mammary arteries is not common. This disorder should be suspected in post LIMA patients with blood pressure differences between the arms and confirmed by angiography. PTA of the subclavian artery via the brachial approach, in appropriately selected patients, offers potential advantages over carotid subclavian bypass including an apparent lower complication rate with equally good results. Recurrences, which are apt to be more common after PTA versus carotid subclavian bypass, are easily managed with repeat dilatation. This course of management in our patient resulted in an excellent clinical outcome without complication. This report emphasizes the importance of considering subclavian stenosis in patients with prior LIMA bypass grafting, particularly when the ipsilateral arm blood pressure is reduced. In such cases, subclavian PTA offers a reasonable nonsurgical approach for correction.