声门水平切除胸骨舌骨肌喉功能重建术治疗T2期声门癌

目的　探讨喉部分切除后胸骨舌骨肌喉功能重建对T2期声门癌的疗效。方法　对1992～ 1998年 66例T2期声门癌患者行喉声门水平部分切除术 ,同时以胸骨舌骨肌重建声带。结果全部患者术后 2～ 3周均顺利拔管 ,恢复了呼吸、吞咽和发音的全部喉功能。复发 3例 ,复发率为4 5 % ;失访 3例 ,3年生存率为 97 0 % (64 / 66例 ) ,5年生存率为 93 8% (45 / 48)。结论　喉部分切除后胸骨舌骨肌喉功能重建术在保证患者的生存率的同时 ,提高了患者的生存质量     

胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣在喉部分切除喉重建的应用

胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣在喉部分切除喉重建的应用路学美１董频２喉重建术通常用颈胸部肌皮瓣、会厌、肌肉、筋膜、骨、软骨以及人工合成材料进行修复。现将１９８８年以来，以胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣修复喉部分切除后缺损的３１例分析报告如下。１临床资料根据ＵＩＣＣ（１...     

胸骨舌骨肌舌骨瓣转移治疗声门下喉气管狭窄

目的：探讨胸骨舌骨肌蒂舌骨瓣（hyoid graft with sternohyoid muscle flap,HG-SHMF)转移术治疗复杂声门下喉气管狭窄的可行性。方法：共对7例因环状软骨和气管软骨环部分缺损或声门下瘢痕组织增生所致的声门下喉气管狭窄患者实施了HG－SHMF转移重建术。其中，外伤性声门下喉气管狭窄5例，自幼不明原因声门下瘢痕组织增生所致狭窄1例，盐酸气体吸入所致1例。7例患者均因气管切开术后不能拔除气管套管而就诊，其中5例已接受2次以上喉气管探查及重建手术。结果：7例患者术后均顺利拔除气管套管，自觉发音质量和呼吸功能较术前明显改善。喉气管扩张子或T型管留置时间平均9．6个月，术后气管套管拔除时间平均15．4个月。有2例患者分别因喉气管扩张子和HG－SHMF移位需再次行喉气管扩张子置入和HG－SHMF复位术，该2例患者分别于术后6个月和17个月拔除气管套管，恢复了较满意的呼吸和发音功能。结论：HG－SHMF转移修复声门下喉气管狭窄的重建手术，操作简单易行，并发症少，具有较高的成功率和较好的远期疗效。术后定期随访可早期发现有无移植物和喉气管扩张子移位以及肉芽组织增生，有助于防止再狭窄的形成。     

胸骨舌骨肌瓣在喉部分切除术中的应用

目的探讨胸骨舌骨肌瓣在喉部分切除术后修复喉缺损的效果。方法回顾性分析98例患者胸骨舌骨肌瓣修复喉部分切除术后缺损的临床资料,其中喉垂直部分或扩大垂直部分切除术修复51例,喉额侧部分切除术修复12例,喉额前位部分切除术修复11例,喉水平切除或水平垂直切除术后修复24例。结果全部病例喉部分切除术后均行一期胸骨舌骨肌瓣修复,术后无1例发生肌瓣坏死,术后15天内均恢复了吞咽功能,发声良好者59例(60.20%),术后拔管率96.94%(95/98)。结论胸骨舌骨肌瓣是喉部分切除术缺损修复的理想方法,简便,可靠,并发症少。     

保留喉功能的T4声门癌的手术治疗

目的 探讨T4声门癌喉功能保留手术的方法和临床疗效。方法 对1982－1998年间22例T4声门癌患者进行手术治疗，切除肿瘤及受累的软骨和喉外组织，以胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣、颈阔肌皮瓣、颈阔肌筋膜瓣、甲状软骨膜瓣、下咽黏膜瓣等修复组织缺损，保留会厌或环状软骨板重建喉功能。全部患者均接受术后放射治疗（5000－6000cGy)。结果 全组病例3年生存率86．4％（19／22），5年生存率75．0％（15／20）。喉功能恢复（吞咽保护、呼吸、发音）为68．2％（15／22），喉功能部分恢复（吞咽保护、发音）31．8％（7／22）。结论 T4声门癌尽管可累及喉软骨和喉外组织，但经仔细选择的病例在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下保留喉功能是可行的。     

半喉切除带蒂肌瓣修复重建喉功能治疗下咽癌15例报告

对累及半喉的下咽癌15例行梨状窝及其同侧半喉切除,并进行患侧颈廓清,用颈部矩形皮瓣修补缺损梨状窝粘膜,以舌骨、胸舌骨肌瓣重建半喉,均一期愈合,短期恢复喉功能。随访5年存活率为60％。     

喉部分切除披裂声带重建术

利用舌骨带胸骨舌骨肌瓣重建披裂声带是一种新的喉成形方法。作者对11例喉癌和2例下咽癌患者行部分喉切除术后采用此法重建喉功能．效果良好。认为切取舌骨带胸骨舌骨肌瓣的宽度以0．8～1．2cm为宜；该术式有取材方便、损伤小、成活率高和术后喉功能恢复好等优点。     

改良胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣修复垂直部分喉切除术后缺损

目的探讨改良胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣在垂直部分喉切除术后的应用价值。方法收集2 0 0 6年6月～2 0 1 1年1 2月2 8例因喉癌行喉垂直部分切除并实施改良胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣喉重建术患者的临床资料,分析其术后疗效。结果 28例患者中27例患者均拔除气管套管,拔管率为96.4%;1例由于喉腔肉芽形成拔管困难,2个月后支撑喉镜下电离子手术拔除气管套管。所有患者均拔除鼻饲管恢复正常饮食,无严重误吸。随访2个月,全部患者喉腔完全上皮化。1例喉瘘、1例切口感染,经换药愈合。未发生咽瘘。结论改良胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣是喉垂直部分切除喉功能重建较为理想的方法,拔管率高,可以提高患者的生存质量,但部分患者发音质量不够理想。     

垂直部分喉切除术治疗声门癌30例报告

我科对1988年～1993年间收治的30例声门型喉癌，均采用垂直部分喉切除术达到根治目的，现报告如下。1临床资料30例声门型喉癌，均为男性，年龄42～71（平均54）岁。根据UICC1987年标准进行分期，均为T_2N_0M_0；经病理证实均为鳞状细胞癌。30例均经垂直部分喉切除术。其中声门型喉癌T_2病变21例不保留甲状软骨，另9例保留甲状软骨。不保留甲状软骨术：将患侧甲状软骨板、假声带、喉室、声带及肿瘤组织切除，甲状软骨保留后1／5，保留杓状软骨。病变如波及前联合，则切除对侧甲状软骨连同声带前端的一小部分，甲状软骨缺损部分用胸骨舌骨…     

喉声门上水平部分切除术的术式改良

目的探讨喉声门上水平部分切除术的手术方法改良及远期疗效。方法回顾并分析了我科1983～2001年喉声门上型癌172例,男149例,女23例。进行喉声门上水平部分切除后不将喉上提,不做残喉与舌骨或舌根的吻合。结果气管套管拔除率为92．4％,吞咽功能142例在2～4周内恢复,发音功能良好。3年存活率为82．6％;5年存活率为75．7％。结论喉肿瘤切除后,改变缝合方法,不仅操作简单,又能保留良好的生理功能。     

喉近全切除喉功能重建术

目的 为了减少喉全切除率并重建喉功能。方法 自１９９１￣１９９６年作喉近全切除喉功能重建术１９例。男８例，女１１例。年龄最大７４岁，最小４０岁，平均５７．６岁。临床分期Ⅱ期２例，Ⅲ期９例，Ⅳ期８例。手术特点是：切除舌骨，保留环状软骨及一侧杓状软骨，将五状软骨前缘与舌根切缘吻合，增强了舌根对新喉口的遮盖作用，减轻了误咽．结果 全部病例术后发音功能良好，多数病例误咽不重。５例拔除套管经喉呼吸。１４例新     

Laryngeal reconstruction following vertical partial laryngectomy

Laryngeal reconstruction following vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) with arytenoidectomy was studied in 30 dogs. Variations of a superiorly based thyroid cartilage flap (TCF) were used for reconstruction. In addition, sternohyoid muscle reconstruction and endolaryngeal muscle coverage were studied. Larynges were recovered after a 6-month period in 28 surviving dogs and were analyzed by endoscopic photographs and axial whole-organ sections. Endoscopic assessment (n = 18) demonstrated good results for arytenoid replacement (100%), pseudocord position (94%), pseudocord development (94%), and airway patency (100%). Arytenoid replacement was judged as completely (78%) or partially (22%) replaced. This was accomplished by a pseudocord extending to the cricoid in the horizontal plane. Pseudocord position was judged as normal (83%) or paramedian (11%), with the remainder lateralized (6%). Pseudocord development was judged as complete (72%) or partial (22%), with the remainder poor (6%). Reviewing both endoscopic photographs and gross sections (n = 28), airways were all normal without laryngeal or tracheal stenosis. Histologic assessment (n = 24) also demonstrated good results for arytenoid replacement (79%), pseudocord position (87%), and TCF survival in the glottic plane (79%). Arytenoid replacement was judged as complete (62%) or partial (17%), with the remainder poor (21%). Pseudocord position was judged as normal (50%) or paramedian (37%), with the remainder lateralized (13%). TCF survival was judged as total (63%) or partial (16%). Although not present in the glottic plane in the remaining cases (21%), a portion of the TCF was always present in the supraglottic region. The TCF was largely replaced by bone in the region of the pseudocord, and was covered by non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium and a thick fibrous layer. Breakdown over the TCF was infrequent, with a small focus of granulation tissue over cartilage present in 1 (4%) of 24 cases. Clinically insignificant granulation tissue was present in a total of 6 (25%) cases. In the other 5 cases, this was over muscle or over permanent sutures. Focal cartilage necrosis was present in 2 (8%) of 24 cases, and was localized, self limiting, and deep to the endolaryngeal surface. When the TCF failed to survive histologically, poorer results for arytenoid replacement and pseudocord position generally resulted. However, this apparent difference was not statistically significant due to small sample sizes and variability in results. Other factors that may have kept this difference from becoming larger were thought to be contraction of the normal cord towards the operated side with foreshortening of the glottis, and medial rotation and ossification of the posterior thyroid ala remnant. Sternohyoid muscle flap reconstruction and endolaryngeal muscle coverage were also investigated. Bipedicled sternohyoid flaps exhibited no loss as compared to the contralateral bipedicled sternohyoid muscle used as a control. Unipedicled flaps lost 23% in cross-sectional area in the axial plane as compared to the bipedicled flaps used for reconstruction (P = .0423) and the contralateral bipedicled sternohyoid control (P = .0341). Three types of endolaryngeal muscle coverage were used: perichondrium, mucosa, and no coverage. The no-coverage group showed 16% less underlying sternohyoid muscle area than the perichondrium or mucosa groups, but this difference was not statistically significant. Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium was present over the muscle, but there were no differences in cell-layer thickness between perichondrium (5.8), mucosa (5.9), and no coverage (6.0). Cell-layer thickness over the opposite normal control mucosa (7.6) was significantly greater than either mucosa over muscle (5.9, P<.0001) or mucosa over the bony pseudocord (5.6, P = .0005).     

喉部分切除术后喉囊肿

目的探讨喉部分切除术后喉囊肿的发病率、病因、临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2009年6月北京同仁医院收治的228例颈外入路喉部分切除术患者的诊疗及随访情况,并对喉部分切除术后喉囊肿进行分析报道。结果随访中发现2例喉囊肿,均为喉部分切除会厌成形术后。1例于术后20个月发现囊肿位于会厌舌面,行支撑喉镜下CO2激光切除囊肿。另1例术后19个月发现囊肿位于声门下区,经颈外入路切除。结论喉部分切除术后喉囊肿并不常见,可能与会厌前间隙分离过程中黏膜上皮种植有关。CT或MRI有助于诊断。囊肿可于支撑喉镜下或经颈外入路行手术切除。     

应用颈前带蒂颈阔肌皮瓣在喉部分切除中重建喉功能

目的:探讨颈前带蒂肌皮瓣(任意和巨形)在喉部分切除中重建喉功能的效果.方法:对54例声门型喉癌,行喉部分切除和扩大部分切除后应用颈前带蒂肌皮瓣行喉功能重建.结果:54例恢复吞咽、发声和呼吸功能,拔管率100%,5年以上生存率92.59%.结论:喉部分切除中应用颈前带蒂肌皮瓣修复喉腔是喉功能重建的有效方法之一.     

会厌在喉部分切除喉功能重建术中的应用

目的 探讨会厌在喉部分切除喉功能重建术中的应用价值。方法 １９９２年１２月－１９９６年１月３２例不同分期的声门型,声门上型喉癌行喉部分切除术,将残存会厌下移保留喉功能。结果 ２１例声门型喉癌术后１９例拔除气管套管恢复喉的全部功能,１１例声门上型喉癌５例恢复喉全部功能,并于术后１４－１８ｄ恢复吞咽功能,无１例出现误吸收起严重并发症。３年生存率８７．５％（２８／３２）,５年生存率５８．３％（７／１２）     

Laryngeal stenosis after supracricoid partial laryngectomy

The purpose of this study was to review the incidence, risks, management, and outcomes of nontumoral laryngeal stenosis after supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) in a case series of 376 consecutive SCPLs performed at 1 institution from 1975 to 1995 with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. Post-SCPL nontumoral symptomatic laryngeal stenosis was defined as an inability to decannulate patients before the 60th postoperative day (group 1) or the development of dyspnea (in patients without local recurrence) after an initial period of prolonged, successful decannulation (group 2). Of 376 SCPLs performed, nontumoral symptomatic laryngeal stenosis developed in 14 (3.7%). There were 7 patients (1.85%) in group 1 and 7 patients (1.85%) in group 2. In univariate analysis, none of the following variables appeared to be statistically related to the risk of immediate stenosis (group 1): age, gender, comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux, arteritis, preoperative radiotherapy, arytenoid cartilage disarticulation, type of reconstruction performed, and postoperative radiotherapy. A delayed laryngeal stenosis (group 2) was statistically more likely to occur if the reconstruction performed at the time of SCPL was a cricohyoidopexy (p = .01). Successful management of the laryngeal stenosis without permanent tracheostomy was achieved in 5 group 1 patients and 3 group 2 patients. We believe that stenosis in group I patients arose through technical error, whereas group 2 patients seemed to suffer from problems of healing, mainly cicatricial narrowing of the airway at the site of the cricohyoidal impaction, or pexis. As a result, whereas laryngeal stenosis in group 1 patients was usually more easily correctable through dilation, laser incision, or resection of redundant tissue or revision of the impaction, laryngeal stenosis in group 2 patients presented a more difficult and frustrating complication. The management and outcomes of these patients are presented.     

喉近全切除喉功能重建术

目的为了减少喉全切除率并重建喉功能。方法自１９９１～１９９６年作喉近全切除喉功能重建术１９例。男８例，女１１例。年龄最大７４岁，最小４０岁，平均５７．６岁。临床分期Ⅱ期２例，Ⅲ期９例，Ⅳ期８例。手术特点是：切除舌骨，保留环状软骨及一侧杓状软骨，将环状软骨前缘与舌根切缘吻合，增强了舌根对新喉口的遮盖作用，减轻了误咽。结果全部病例术后发音功能良好，多数病例误咽不重。５例拔除套管经喉呼吸。１４例新喉腔狭窄经气管造口呼吸，其中１０例气管外孔宽阔不带套管，４例仍带套管。３年生存率７８．６％（１１／１４），５年生存率７５％（３／４）。结论该术式在保存喉功能减少喉全切除率方面有一定作用。     

喉部分切除术后肌-骨膜瓣修复术

目的探讨喉部分切除术后胸骨舌骨肌-骨膜瓣修复残喉的手术方法及其临床疗效。方法对1992年2月～2004年4月在我院行垂直喉部分切除联合胸骨舌骨肌-骨膜瓣修复术的26例声门型喉癌患者进行回顾性研究,分析其临床资料,总结临床疗效。结果本组病例1、3、5年生存率分别为100%(26/26)、96.15%(25/26)和88.0%(22/25);拔管率为100%。全部病例均经口正常饮食;尽管存在不同程度声嘶,但发音功能恢复,可以进行日常生活性交流。病变复发率为7.69%(2/26)。结论垂直喉部分切除术后应用带蒂胸骨舌骨肌-骨膜瓣修复残喉,简便易行,能够较好地保留喉的生理功能。