白桦脂酸联合沙利度胺诱导U266细胞凋亡机制研究

目的：探讨白桦脂酸联合沙利度胺诱导多发性骨髓瘤（ MM）U266细胞凋亡的机制。方法：分别用白桦脂酸（20、40、60和80 mg/L,白桦脂酸组）、沙利度胺（10、50和100 mg/L,沙利度胺组）及白桦脂酸（40 mg/L）联合沙利度胺（联合组,白桦脂酸40 mg/L,沙利度胺10、50和100 mg/L）分别处理U266细胞,同期设对照组;MTT法和流式细胞术分别检测不同浓度白桦脂酸组、沙利度胺组及联合组U266细胞增殖抑制率和凋亡率;Real-time PCR检测4组U266细胞中Survivin、Cyto-C、Bcl-2、Bax mRNA的表达,蛋白免疫印迹法检测4组U266细胞中Survivin、Cyto-C、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平。结果：随着白桦脂酸浓度的增加,U266细胞增殖抑制率增加,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）,最适浓度为40 mg/L;与沙利度胺组相比,联合组U266细胞的增殖抑制率和凋亡率明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;与沙利度胺组或白桦脂酸组相比,联合组 U266细胞中Survivin、Bcl-2 mRNA的表达明显降低,Cyto-C和Bax mRNA表达明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;与沙利度胺、白桦脂酸组相比,联合组U266细胞中Survivin、Bcl-2蛋白表达明显降低,Cyto-C和Bax蛋白表达明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论：白桦脂酸联合沙利度胺可以促进多发性骨髓瘤U266细胞凋亡,其机制可能与凋亡分子Survivin、Bcl-2、Cyto-c和Bax相关。     

沙利度胺对IL-1β介导的支气管上皮细胞炎症反应的影响

目的探讨沙利度胺干预对IL-1β介导的人支气管上皮细胞株HBE细胞炎症反应的影响和可能参与的信号分子。方法通过炎症因子IL-1β处理HBE细胞,体外建立支气管上皮细胞炎症模型。MTT法检测IL-1β处理对HBE细胞的活力;DAPI/PI荧光染色和荧光显微镜下观察IL-1β处理和沙利度胺干预后HBE细胞形态变化和细胞凋亡情况;RT-PCR和Westernblot法检测HBE细胞中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果不同浓度IL-1β处理后,HBE细胞的活力没有受到明显抑制,但发生形态变化并出现胞核聚集,PI染色发现50ng/mlIL-1β处理组阳性细胞数明显多于对照组和5滋g/ml沙利度胺干预组。5、10和50ng/mlIL-1β处理HBE细胞后VEGF和HMGB1mRNA表达水平较对照组均上调（均P＜0.05）;10滋g/ml沙利度胺干预组HMGB1mRNA表达水平较5、10和50ng/mlIL-1β处理组均下调,5、10滋g/ml沙利度胺干预组VEGFmRNA表达水平较5、10和50ng/mlIL-1β处理组均下调（均P＜0.05）。50ng/mlIL-1β处理组VEGF蛋白表达水平较对照组上调,5、10和50ng/mlIL-1β处理组HMGB1蛋白表达水平均较对照组上调（均P＜0.05）;5、10滋g/ml沙利度胺干预组VEGF和HMGB1蛋白表达水平较5、10和50ng/mlIL-1β对照组均上调（均P＜0.05）。结论IL-1β可以诱导HBE细胞发生炎症损伤以及相关炎症因子表达;沙利度胺可以抑制IL-1β诱导的HBE细胞炎症损伤,其机制可能与抑制VEGF和HMGB1的表达有关。     

沙利度胺对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721体内外肿瘤血管的影响

目的 观察沙利度胺对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721体内外肿瘤血管的影响.方法 体外实验:将不同浓度的沙利度胺作用于人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721,采用ELISA方法测定细胞株VEGF分泌量变化.体内实验:首先建立肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721的荷瘤小鼠模型,应用免疫组化测定瘤体组织中微血管密度,ELISA法测定小鼠外周血VEGF表达.结果 体外实验中随着沙利度胺药物浓度增加,VEGF含量逐渐下降:沙利度胺浓度从0 μg/ml升至400 μg/ml,VEGF值由(83.21±8.32)pg/ml降至(33.59±10.98)pg/ml;体内实验:成功建立了肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721的荷瘤小鼠模型,沙利度胺组小鼠外周血VEGF含量为(32.17±12.11)pg/ml,对照组为(69.35±17.56)pg/ml,在沙利度胺瘤体中微血管密度值为13.17±3.15,对照组为18.34±2.25,均有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 沙利度胺能抑制SMMC-7721细胞株及荷瘤鼠肿瘤血管的形成.     

花姜酮对Hela细胞株细胞生物学特性的影响

【摘要】目的 探究花姜酮对Hela细胞株增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡的影响。方法 购买人宫颈癌Hela细胞株,进行培养并分为空白组、花姜酮5 μmol/L组、花姜酮10 μmol/L组、花姜酮20 μmol/L组4组。空白组使用常规细胞培养液培养,其他三组分别使用相对应浓度的花姜酮进行培养。观察4组细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡情况及上皮细胞间充质（EMT）相关蛋白相对表达量。结果 24、48、72 h花姜酮20 μmol/L组细胞增殖率低于花姜酮5 μmol/L组、花姜酮10 μmol/L组及空白组（P＜005）;24、48、72 h花姜酮20 μmol/L组细胞凋亡率高于花姜酮5 μmol/L组、花姜酮10 μmol/L组及空白组（P＜005）;花姜酮20 μmol/L组细胞迁移、侵袭数均低于花姜酮5 μmol/L组、花姜酮10 μmol/L组及空白组（P＜005）;花姜酮20 μmol/L组细胞波形蛋白（Vimentin）、组蛋白甲基转移酶同源序列2增强子(EZH2)相对表达量均低于花姜酮5 μmol/L组、花姜酮10 μmol/L组空白组;花姜酮20 μmol/L组细胞α 连环蛋白（α cat）、上皮性钙粘蛋白(E cadherin)相对表达量均高于花姜酮5 μmol/L组、花姜酮10 μmol/L组及空白组（P＜005）。结论 花姜酮能够促进HeLa细胞株的凋亡,抑制Hela细胞株的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力,其能力呈现浓度依赖。     

FOLFOX方案联合沙利度胺体外抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞VEGF、Caspase-3基因表达的研究

目的研究沙利度胺联合FOLFOX(folinic acid fluorouracil oxaliplatin)作用肝癌细胞HepG2后VEGF、Caspase-3的表达,以及探讨沙利度胺联合FOLFOX诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的机制。方法应用MTT法和流式细胞仪体外研究沙利度胺对HepG2细胞增殖的影响;采用western blot法,观察沙利度胺联合FOLFOX作用HepG2细胞48h后VEGF、Caspase-3的表达情况。结果沙利度胺对肝癌HepG2细胞有抑制作用,且沙利度胺联合FOLFOX显著提高了对肝癌细胞生长的抑制作用,沙利度胺联合FOLFOX作用于HepG2细胞48h后,细胞表面Caspase-3的表达均增强,VEGF的表达均降低。结论沙利度胺联合FOLFOX诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的机制可能可能通过调节VEGF蛋白表达激活caspase-3,从而诱导HepG2细胞凋亡。     

沙利度胺抑制卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3体外生长的研究

目的:探讨沙利度胺对卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3的增殖抑制以及凋亡的影响,为后续临床治疗及基础研究提供依据。方法:采用MTT法测定不同浓度沙利度胺作用于SKOV-3细胞株24 h后的吸光度,测定其对SKOV-3的增殖抑制率,Tunel染色法鉴定细胞凋亡,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Q-PCR法检测caspase3 mRNA表达水平,Western Blot法检测caspase3蛋白表达水平。结果:沙利度胺的浓度从31μg/m L增加至500μg/m L时,对于SKOV-3的增殖抑制率从6.22%上升至86%;300μg/m L沙利度胺处理SKOV-3 24 h后,流式细胞术检测其凋亡率上升为52.66%,明显高于空白对照(P<0.01)。Tunel法在荧光显微镜下观察,沙利度胺组可见大片绿色荧光。同时,沙利度胺处理后的SKOV-3的caspase3 mRNA及蛋白表达量与空白对照组相比也明显上升(P<0.01)。结论:沙利度胺能够抑制卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3的增殖并且能够诱导其凋亡。     

沙利度胺联合达那唑对子宫内膜异位症裸鼠异位组织血管生成及血管内皮生长因子的影响

目的 探讨沙利度胺联合达那唑对子宫内膜异位症裸鼠异位组织血管生成及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的影响.方法 选择40只成功建立子宫内膜异位症模型的裸鼠,随机分为模型对照、沙利度胺组、达那唑组及联合用药纽,每组10只,分别给予生理盐水、沙利度胺30 mg/(kg·d)、达那唑1.0 mg/(kg·d)、沙利度胺30 mg/(kg·d)联合达那唑1.0 mg/(kg·d)腹腔注射,给药4周后处死,通过Ⅷ因子标记异位子宫内膜血管,检测异位内膜组织中微血管密度(MVD),链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法测定异位内膜VEGF蛋白的表达情况.结果 对照组、达那唑组、沙利度胺组和联合用药组的MVD依次降低(P＜0.05),分别为(21.3±1.5)个、(16±3.4)个、(12.2±1.1)个和(6.8±1.1)个.对照组、达那唑组、沙利度胺组和联合用药组VEGF蛋白的表达水平也依次降低(P＜0.05).结论 沙利度胺和达那唑可抑制裸鼠异位内膜的MVD以及VEGF的表达,从而抑制异位内膜组织的血管生成,两者合用时作用更明显.     

脂质体莪术醇联合顺铂抗人卵巢癌细胞作用和机制研究

目的 研究脂质体莪术醇(LC)联合顺铂抗人卵巢癌细胞的作用和机制.方法 实验以卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3和HO8910为研究对象,以10 μg/ml LC为基准,联合不同浓度的顺铂(0、2、4、8、16、32、64 μg/ml)进行分组,MTT、Transwell和流式法分别检测各组细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力和凋亡率的变化,Western blot检测各组AKT、p-AKT和cleaved-Caspase8、9、3蛋白表达的变化.结果 MTF结果显示,与单用顺铂或者LC组比较,联合用药组的肿瘤细胞增殖率降低(P＜0.05),联合用药中顺铂对SKOV3的IC50为(12.67±2.03)μg/ml[单用顺铂的IC50:(38.28±5.98)μg/ml];联合用药中顺铂对HO8910的IC50为(10.55±1.55)μg/ml[单用顺铂的IC50:(26.41 ±2.30) μg/ml].联合组(8μg/ml的顺铂+ 10 μg/ml的LC)的卵巢癌细胞侵袭和迁移率均降低(P＜0.05),凋亡率最高(P＜0.05).Western blot结果提示联合用药组卵巢癌细胞的p-AKT蛋白的表达水平降低(P＜0.05),cleaved-Caspase8、9、3蛋白水平上升(P＜0.05).结论 低剂量LC可以增强顺铂抑制人卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,联合用药可能通过PI3K/AKT通路促进卵巢癌细胞凋亡.     

槐耳多糖调节YAP/TAZ信号通路对骨肉瘤细胞生物学行为的影响

目的 探讨槐耳多糖（PST）通过调节Yes相关蛋白(YAP)/转录共激活因子PDZ结合基序(TAZ)信号通路对骨肉瘤（OS）细胞生物学行为的影响。 方法 将OS细胞系G292细胞分为G292组（未做任何处理的G292细胞）、L-PST组(1 μg/mL PST)、M-PST组(2.5 μg/mL PST)、H-PST组(5 μg/mL PST)、GA-017组（10 μmol/L YAP/TAZ信号通路激活剂GA-017处理G292细胞）、H-PST+GA-017组（5 μg/mL PST+10 μmol/L GA-017）。CCK-8法检测细胞活性;流式细胞术检测G292细胞凋亡;划痕实验以及Transwell法检测G292细胞迁移和侵袭;Western blot检测YAP/TAZ通路蛋白、EMT相关蛋白、凋亡蛋白水平。结果 PST抑制OS细胞系MG63、Saos-2、U20S、G292细胞活性,且G292细胞的A450最小,因此,以G292细胞为研究对象。与G292组相比,M-PST组、H-PST组G292细胞A450值、迁移率、侵袭数量以及vimentin、N-cadherin、Bcl-2、p-YAP/YAP、TAZ蛋白水平均显著下降（P＜0.05）,细胞凋亡率、E-cadherin、Bax、cleaved-Caspase-3蛋白水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,GA-017组呈现相反的趋势（P＜0.05）,而L-PST组没有显著差异（P＞0.05）;GA-017削弱了H-PST对G292细胞恶性行为的抑制作用。结论 PST可能通过抑制YAP/TAZ信号通路来抑制OS细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭     

DHA和NS-398联合对人胆管癌QBC939细胞的抑制作用

目的 研究二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)和选择性环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)抑制剂NS-398联合对人胆管癌细胞QBC939的抑制作用。 方法 体外培养人胆管癌QBC939细胞株,分别设立DHA浓度组、NS-398浓度组、二者联合组和空白对照组,即将0、15、30、45、60、75 μg/ml浓度的DHA和0、25、50、100、150、200 μmol/L浓度的NS-398分别联合作用于胆管癌QBC939细胞;应用CCK8法检测其分别对QBC939细胞生长的相对抑制率;采用流式细胞术检测QBC939细胞的凋亡情况;应用Transwell小室检测QBC939细胞的体外侵袭情况。 结果 DHA和NS-398在体外均能够单独抑制QBC939细胞生长,45 μg/ml的DHA联合100 μmol/L的NS-398经24 h作用后,细胞生长抑制率达到90%,实验组与DHA浓度组、NS-398浓度组和空白组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),继续增加2种药物浓度,细胞生长抑制率变化不明显;流式细胞术显示DHA和NS-398联合能明显促进QBC939细胞早期凋亡;15 μg/ml的DHA联合50 μmol/L的NS-398经24 h作用后,对胆管癌细胞生长无明显抑制作用,但QBC939的体外侵袭能力明显降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 结论 DHA和NS-398联合能明显抑制胆管癌QBC939细胞生长,促进胆管癌细胞早期凋亡,抑制胆管癌细胞的侵袭,二者联合对胆管癌QBC939细胞生长的抑制作用可能是通过促进细胞早期凋亡实现的。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.