早期持续高容量血液滤过联合血液灌流治疗脓毒症的集束化护理及疗效

目的:通过集束化护理干预持续高容量血液滤过(HVHF0)联合血液灌流的护理操作,提高护理质量,落实治疗严重脓毒症疗效。方法:选择将80例脓毒症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例。治疗组采用集束化护理干预执行常规严重感染治疗同时立即行CVVH+HP治疗,对照组给予常规严重感染集束化治疗,比较两组临床治疗效果。结果:治疗72 h后,观察组与对照组APACHEⅡ均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在ICU停留时间以及机械通气时间相比,观察组所用时间明显要比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的存活率相比,对照组的70.0%(28/40)明显低于观察组的87.5%(35/40),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对于严重脓毒症而言,早期持续高容量血液滤过联合血液灌流治疗采取集束化护理效果明显。     

血液滤过联合血液灌注救治脓毒症的临床疗效研究

目的：观察和研究血液滤过联合血液灌注救治脓毒症的疗效。方法：随机选取2012年12月至2014年8月在重症医学科住院的脓毒症者108例，参考随机数字表法按照1：1比例将108例脓毒症者随机分为观察组和对照组，对照组给予早期目标指导性治疗和集束化治疗等基础治疗、观察组加用血液滤过联合血液灌注，同时对两组存活率、死亡率、血管活性药物应用时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间以及不同时间段炎症因子水平（白介素－6、白介素－8、白介素－10、肿瘤坏死因子）进行观察和数据的统计、对比、分析。结果：观察组存活率（68．52％）明显高于对照组、死亡率（31．48％）低于对照组，P＜0．05；观察组血管活性药物应用时间、机械通气时间和ICU住院时间较对照组明显缩短， P＜0．05；白介素－6、白介素－8、白介素－10、肿瘤坏死因子水平较对照组下降明显，P＜0．05。结论：血液滤过联合血液灌流治疗脓毒症疗效显著且疗效倍增，值得推广。     

血液滤过联合机械通气治疗重症急性胰腺炎致急性呼吸窘迫综合征

目的 探讨血液滤过联合机械通气治疗重症急性胰腺炎致急性呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效.方法 将重症急性胰腺炎致急性呼吸窘迫综合征80例患者随机分为观察组及对照组,每组40例.对照组采用机械通气进行常规治疗,观察组采用血液滤过联合机械通气进行治疗,比较2组患者有创通气时间、总机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)发生率和病死率,呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR).结果 观察组患者有创通气时间、总机械通气时间、ICU住院时间均短于对照组(P＜0.05);VAP发生率和病死率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗后2组的RR、HR比治疗前均显著降低,但观察组降低程度优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 血液滤过联合机械通气可以有效减少重症急性胰腺炎致急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的通气时间,改善缺氧症状,临床效果优于传统的机械通气.     

早期连续性血液净化在老年严重脓毒症治疗中的作用

目的 探讨早期连续性血液净化(continuous blood purification,CBP)对老年严重脓毒症的治疗效果.方法 选择老年严重脓毒症患者48例,分成CBP组25例、对照组23例,两组都根据脓毒症治疗指南行集束治疗,CBP组进行集束化治疗的同时使用CBP治疗,在治疗前,治疗24、72 h检测患者血气分析、乳酸、血生化和血常规,应用APACHEⅡ评分对患者进行评估,记录患者机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、28 d的病死率.结果 CBP组的机械通气时间(5.56±3.46) d,ICU住院时间(9.14±3.12)d,28 d病死率32%;对照组的机械通气时间(8.04±5.26)d,ICU住院时间(11.62±4.83)d,28 d病死率52%;CBP组与对照组比较,机械通气时间、ICU住院时间减少,28 d病死率降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CBP组治疗24、72 h后APACHEⅡ评分与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CBP组治疗24、72 h后血乳酸值与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 早期CBP治疗老年严重脓毒症患者能够缩短机械通气时间和ICU住院间时,降低病死率.     

血液滤过治疗重症疟疾的疗效观察

目的 探讨血液滤过对重症疟疾的治疗效果.方法 对12例接受血液滤过治疗的重症疟疾病例和20例未接受血液滤过治疗的重症疟疾病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 血液滤过组平均住院时间为(19.2±3.5)d,明显少于对照组(25.3±4.2)d(P＜0.05).入ICU时血液滤过组的CRP、APACHE Ⅱ评分和对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);7d后血液滤过组CRP为(22.3±3.7)mg/L,APACHE Ⅱ评分为(8.5±2.3);对照组CRP为(46.3±5.7)mg/L、APACHE Ⅱ评分为(13.2±2.5),两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).但在治愈率、非治愈率及受累器官分布方面两组差异无统计学意义.结论 血液滤过对重症疟疾有辅助治疗作用.     

高容量血液滤过在脓毒性休克中的应用

目的探讨高容量血液滤过(HVHF)对重症监护病房脓毒性休克患者的临床价值。方法选择脓毒性休克患者25例,随机分为滤过组12例和对照组13例。两组均予常规治疗。滤过组患者行高容量血液滤过,监测两组治疗前后心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)等血流动力学指标及血pH、氧合指数、血管活性药物使用量、BUN、SCr、C反应蛋白的变化。同时观察ICU住院时间、应用呼吸机时间及28 d的病死率。结果与对照组同期比,HVHF组治后HR、血管活性药物使用量,CRP下降明显,血pH、氧合指数指标好转,机械通气时间、ICU内治疗时间缩短,28 d病死率下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HVHF能稳定血流动力学,并通过对内环境调节、改善氧合等,对多个器官起到支持作用,可减轻严重脓毒症的病情及改善预后,是脓毒性休克的有效治疗手段。     

血液净化在高脂血症性重症急性胰腺炎的治疗体会

目的:探讨持续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)、血液灌流联合血液滤过治疗(HP/CVVH)、血浆置换联合血液滤过治疗(PE/CVVH)对高脂血症性重症急性胰腺炎(HLSAP)的治疗价值。方法:回顾性分析接受不同血液净化方式治疗的29例HLSAP患者,其中4例患者接受的是常规治疗(Normal组),12例行持续血液滤过治疗(CRRT组),11例行血液灌流联合持续血液滤过治疗(HP/CVVH组),6例行血浆置换联合持续血液滤过治疗(PE/CVVH组)。分析4组患者治疗前后生命体征、APACHEII评分、血清三酰甘油(TG)、C-反应蛋白(CPR)、氧合指数、血肌酐(SCr)、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间以及生存率。结果:四组患者治疗前各观察指标比较差异无统计学意义。但是在各组患者治疗后各观察指标均有好转(P<0.05),HP/CRRT、PE/CRRT组APACHEII评分及患者氧合指数、TG、CRP、SCr指标、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间及生存率较A组及CRRT组治疗后明显改善(P<0.05)。结论:HP/CRRT、PE/CRRT可有效缓解HLSAP患者病情,缩短机械通气时间及ICU住院时间,改善预后。     

序贯性血液净化对重度有机磷农药中毒并发呼吸衰竭患者疗效分析

目的 观察序贯性血液净化对重度有机磷农药中毒呼吸衰竭患者的临床效果.方法 对62例重度有机磷农药中毒并发呼吸衰竭患者进行回顾性对照分析.对照组30例予以阿托品、解磷定加机械通气治疗.治疗组32例除上述常规治疗外,进行序贯性血液灌流(HP)3 h和连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)24 h.观察两组机械通气时间、神志清醒时间和ICU停留时间.结果 治疗组较对照组机械通气时间[(51.6±9.12)h比(86.4±49.9)h,P＜0.011、神志清醒时间[(29.8±28.1)h比(59.0±44.2)h,P＜0.05]和ICU停留时间[(90.5±28.1)h比(127.7±58.3)h,P＜0.01]均明显缩短.结论 对重度有机磷农药中毒并发呼吸衰竭患者,序贯性血液净化治疗能缩短机械通气时间及ICU停留时间.     

持续性高容量血液滤过在脓毒症合并多器官功能障碍综合征治疗中的应用分析

目的分析持续性高容量血液滤过在脓毒症合并多器官功能障碍综合征治疗中的应用价值。方法选择2012年1月至2015年6月遵义医学院第五附属(珠海)医院ICU病房收治的106例脓毒症合并多器官功能障碍综合征患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组行常规容量血液滤过,观察组行持续性高容量血液滤过,对比分析两组患者的治疗效果。结果两组患者死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者生命体征均较治疗前改善,观察组APACHEⅡ评分及MODS评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血流动力学指标均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),观察组各项指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用持续性高容量血液滤过治疗脓毒症合并多器官功能障碍综合征效果较好,能有效改善患者血流动力学,稳定生命体征,值得推广应用。     

联合应用高容量血液滤过和血液灌流疗法治疗感染性休克的临床疗效分析

目的：观察联合应用高容量血液滤过（CHVHF）和血液灌流（HP）疗法治疗感染性休克的临床效果。方法：将40例感染性休克患者随机分为观察组和对照组,为19例对照组患者进行CHVHF治疗,为21例观察组患者在进行CHVHF的基础上进行HP治疗。结果：与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后心率、肌酐、尿素氮、APACHE Ⅱ的评分均较低,平均动脉压较高,观察组患者各项指标的改善情况均优于对照组患者,差异显著（P＜0.05）,有统计学意义。结论：联合应用高容量血液滤过和血液灌流疗法治疗感染性休克可有效净化患者的血液,稳定其机体内环境,保护其脏器的功能,取得理想的临床疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.