冠心病中医证候与冠心病发病的相关性研究

目的 探讨冠心病中医证候与冠心病发病的相关性.方法 168例住院患者均进行冠状动脉造影,完成病史和中医症状、体征的采集和理化检查,作出冠心病或非冠心病诊断,并进行中医辨证分型和脏腑辨证;分别以冠心病辨证分型的7个中医证候、脏腑辨证的6个脏腑虚证为自变量,以冠心病为因变量,进行二值Logistic回归分析.结果 血瘀证和气虚证(相对危险度分别为8.959和2.803)是冠心病发病的证候危险因素;心虚证、肝虚证和肾虚证(相对危险度分别为3.074,2.471,3.296)是冠心病发病的脏腑虚证危险因素.结论 出现气虚证、血瘀证、心虚证、肝虚证、肾虚证的患者更易于患冠心病.     

精神分裂症中医证候要素诊断量表初步研究

目的 建立精神分裂症中医证候要素诊断量表,促进精神分裂症中医证候标准化研究。方法 制定精神分裂症中医证候要素调查表,收集302例精神分裂症患者的四诊信息,对中医四诊信息进行频数分析,保留出现频率>10%的四诊信息条目,利用因子分析提取中医证候要素和四诊信息条目,运用二项Logistic回归方法进行进一步的条目筛选和确定条目权重系数,不同四诊信息权重系数不同,对302例患者进行重新打分,以专家辨证所得的证候要素为状态变量（Y）,以重新打分所获得的证候要素分值作为检测变量（X）进行受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic, ROC）曲线分析,确定各证候要素的诊断阈值。结果 精神分裂症中医证候要素诊断量表包含病位类证候要素6项,分别为：火热、气虚、气滞/气郁、阴虚、血瘀和阳虚,病位类的证候要素4项,分别为：心、肝、脾、胆,每一证候要素诊断量表的总分为100分,诊断域值为60分。结论 精神分裂症中医证候要素诊断量表的研制将促进精神分裂症中医证候标准化工作的开展。     

基于支持向量机的名老中医治疗冠心病证候要素研究

目的 探索名老中医辨治冠心病的共性规律.方法 以名医诊治冠心病典型医案115例,建立冠心病名医诊疗数据库,运用支持向量机方法进行了证候要素诊断及相关研究.结果 提取到名医诊治冠心病8个主要证候要素:血瘀、痰浊、气虚、阳虚、阴虚、内热、血虚、气滞,并确定了其定量诊断,阐释了证候要素应证组合规律,归纳了名医治疗冠心病8个证候要素的用药规律.结论 证候要素研究揭示了名医证候诊断的内涵及其组方用药规律,对中医辨治冠心病有指导意义.     

2型糖尿病中医证候要素诊断量表的研制及考评

目的将量表研制方法引入中医证候诊断领域,建立2型糖尿病(T2DM)中医证候要素诊断量表,探索运用量表的方法进行证候规范化研究。方法采用多中心临床流行病学调查方法,在全国5家三级甲等医院共收集249例中医四诊信息合格的T2DM病例,统一辨证。工作小组在文献研究基础上初步确定各证候要素四诊条目池,对179例样本信息,采用相关系数、逐步回归、因子分析法联合进行条目筛选,Logistic回归法进行条目赋分,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线法确定诊断阈值,建立T2DM中医证候要素诊断量表。运用70例样本进行量表信度、效度考评。结果 T2DM中医证候要素诊断量表包括9个证候要素,分别为:气虚证、阴虚证、内湿证、燥热证、阳虚证、血瘀证、津亏证、痰浊证、气滞证,诊断阈值分别为:11、9、8、13、8、10、12、7、4分。量表的分半信度为0. 878,Cronbach’sα为0. 844,因子分析提取3个公因子,累计方差贡献率69. 123%,各证候要素得分与量表总分相关系数0. 471～0. 794。结论 T2DM中医证候要素诊断量表包括9个证候要素,具有较好的信度、效度,可用于临床或科研证候诊断,并为中医证候规范化研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

反流性食管炎证素诊断量表的编制研究

目的 运用量表学原理进行反流性食管炎证素诊断量表的编制研究.方法 综合离散趋势法、集中趋势分析(频数分布法)、因子分析法、复杂网络法、复杂系统熵聚堆法、克朗巴赫系数法,筛选条目,以复杂系统熵聚堆法提取四诊条目并确定四诊信息对证候的贡献分值,对条目完成赋分.以ROC曲线确定证候诊断阈值,完成反流性食管炎证素诊断量表的编制.利用诊断试验完成量表的灵敏度、特异度和符合率评价.结果 编制完成了反流性食管炎证素诊断量表,由气滞证、热证、痰湿证、气虚证、阳虚证、血瘀证6个分量表构成,其条目分别为9,8,4,5,2,2个,显示出较高的诊断价值.诊断试验评价显示各分量表灵敏度、特异度、准确率均较高.结论 借助证素量表这个媒介,综合运用数理学统计方法研究疾病的中医辨证,可使中医证候诊断迅速、标准,并可以重复.     

基于病机研究出血性中风证候诊断方法

有其“症”,辨其“证”,分其“型”,是中医传统辨证体系的基本模式,其优势和特色是灵活、多变,缺陷是难以规范统一.基于审证求机提出病机证素概念,它是某种疾病范围内某一证候的病机要素,能概括/体现该病证的病机特征.病机证素源自病理因素,因其数量有限,内容相对清晰,故建立其规范化的辨证诊断标准是完全可行的.研制病机证素诊断量表是规范化辨证诊断的前提.以出血性中风为例,探讨病机证素诊断量表研制的方法和步骤,进而研究基于病机证素组合的证候辨证诊断方法.结果体现了辨证灵活性与证候规范化之间的统一,以适应中医临床证候繁杂多变的局面,为构建证候规范化与辨证灵活性相统一的中医辨证模式开辟途径.     

冠心病中医证候诊断规范研究

目的:初步建立冠心病中医证候诊断规范。方法:应用文献整理、临床调查、专家研讨等方法,建立冠心病常见中医证候诊断规范草案,将该草案的辨证结果与专家经验辨证进行对比验证,根据临床验证结果与临床实际对该草案进行反复修订,逐步完善。结果:初步建立了冠心病证候定性与定位诊断规范。定性诊断包括实证与虚证,实证有气滞证、血瘀证、寒凝证、实热证、水湿证、痰浊证;虚证有气虚证、血虚证、阴虚证、阳虚证、阳脱证,共11个定性证候。定位诊断,病位在心,主要涉及肾、肝(胆)、脾、肺、胃。诊断内容中确立了各证候特异性症状与非特异性症状,并设定了满足诊断的条件。临床验证结果显示,模型辨证与专家辨证结果对照,定性诊断符合率为75.73%,定位诊断符合率为83.33%。结论:冠心病中医证候诊断规范基本符合中医临床实际。     

冠心病中医血瘀证候的冠脉造影特点及性别差异

目的 探讨冠心病中医血瘀证候的冠脉造影结果特点及性别差异,以更好运用活血化瘀、通络止痛治法.方法 随机选取100例冠心病中医辨证属心血瘀阻证素患者,解析冠心痛中医血瘀证候的冠脉造影结果特点及性别差异.结果 血瘀证候冠心病冠脉造影分析,心血瘀阻证候多见单支和双支病变及轻中度狭窄;男女患者冠脉造影结果特点比较,男性病变程度较女性重,且部位多发.结论 冠心病中医血瘀证候的冠脉造影结果特点及性别差异存在一定的差异性,对中医的临床诊治有重要指导意义.     

基于中医证候量表探讨建立智能化中医药临床决策与疗效评价模式的设想

中医证候量表日益成为中医证候转化为临床疗效评价指标的载体,但其仍然面临着标准化程度不够高、临床应用推广不够充分、"辨证-诊断-治疗-评价"一体化程度不强等瓶颈问题,如何将中医证候量表有效服务于临床成为值得关注和解决的问题.人工智能对于大数据的深度学习和融合能力带来的启示,使笔者提出将已有成功研制的量表、研制量表的方法学成果与人工智能有机融合的设想,试图将中医证候量表作为中医人工智能获取深度学习资料的途径,将人工智能作为中医证候量表临床推广应用的载体,为智能化中医药临床决策与疗效评价模式的构建提供思路.     

冠心病中医证型与冠状动脉造影的相性研究进展

冠状动脉（简称冠脉）造影是目前公认诊断冠心病的“金标准”,用冠脉造影对中医证候佐证,有助于阐明中医证候实质.目前冠脉造影评价指标主要有冠脉病变支数、冠脉病变积分和冠脉狭窄程度等,本文从以上三个方面对近10年冠心病中医证型与冠脉造影相关研究进展进行综述和分析.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.