不同产地浙贝母药材HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱的研究

[目的]建立不同产地浙贝母药材HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠方法。[方法]采用HPLC-ELSD测定21个不同产地的浙贝母药材样品,建立指纹图谱共有模式图,并通过指纹图谱相似度计算、指纹图谱聚类分析、指纹图谱主成分分析,对不同产地浙贝母药材进行区分研究。[结果]建立了浙贝母药材指纹图谱共有模式图,包含9个共有特征峰。以共有模式对21个不同产地的药材进行指纹图谱相似度评价,浙江缙云溪丘、永康、江苏南通浙贝相似度最低(0.8),浙江磐安地区浙贝相似度最高(0.9)。指纹图谱聚类分析、主成分分析,将不同产地样品分为3类。[结论]浙贝母药材的指纹图谱分析可以为其质量评价提供一定的理论基础。     

天麻液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的建立天麻的液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制天麻质量提供新方法。方法采用HPLC法分析不同产地的18个天麻样品,确定指纹峰并进行对照药材相似度、共有模式相似度的计算,用纯品随行对照结合LC-MS对主要指纹峰进行定性鉴定。结果建立了由27个指纹峰和17个共有峰组成的天麻液相色谱指纹图谱,指纹峰具有特征性,鉴定了其中12个主要的指纹峰。用对照药材相似度,可将天麻样品分为3类安徽河南产天麻、陕西四川产天麻和云南产天麻。两个相关系数分界点为0.80和0.58,夹角余弦分界点为0.88和0.73。结论所选指纹峰有特征性,建立的指纹谱可用来区别3个产地的天麻药材,并为进一步控制天麻质量提供依据。     

不同产地、不同部位及不同直径的黑老虎根质量差异研究

目的 研究不同产地、不同部位及不同直径的黑老虎根质量差异。方法 采用UPLC法,测定14批不同产地、不同部位及不同直径黑老虎根的指纹图谱,结合相似度评价、单因素方差分析、聚类分析及灰色关联度分析法,对各黑老虎根样品的指纹图谱进行多元统计分析。结果 黑老虎根UPLC指纹图谱标定了8个共有峰,指认了峰5为8-姜酚。不同产地、不同部位及不同直径的黑老虎根部分样品指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱的相似度较低。不同批次黑老虎根药材与木质部、皮部的共有峰的单位峰面积波动较大,不同直径的黑老虎根样品间的共有峰的单位峰面积差异明显。聚类分析结果显示,不同批次的黑老虎根药材无明显的产地分类聚集现象;灰色关联度分析结果显示,不同批次黑老虎根药材灰色关联度综合评价值范围为0.066～0.094,灰色关联度差异范围为0～29.79%。结论 市场上的黑老虎根药材内在质量差异较大,建立的UPLC指纹图谱检测方法重复性与稳定性良好,可为黑老虎根的质量评价提供参考。     

建立满山红叶HPLC指纹图谱并测定杜鹃素含量

目的 建立15批满山红叶HPLC指纹图谱,测定已知成分杜鹃素含量.方法 运用高效液相色谱法建立满山红叶指纹图谱并测定杜鹃素的含量,色谱条件:Shim-Pack XR-ODSⅢ(2.0 mmi.d×150 mm)色谱柱,流速:0.2 mL·min-1,柱温:25℃,流动相甲醇-0.3％ 甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长297 nm;分别进行15批满山红叶指纹图谱相似度评价和聚类分析.结果 建立了满山红叶指纹图谱,有10个共有峰,从中找到了已知成分杜鹃素,其含量在0.011％ ～0.016％,15批满山红叶指纹图谱整体相似度>0.9,具有良好的相似度.聚类分析结果显示,将15批满山红叶共分为4类.结论 满山红叶指纹图谱较好的反映了满山红叶多组分的特征,所选满山红药材在产地和批次上具有代表性,为后续满山红药材的研究提供参考.     

大黄药材HPLC指纹图谱的化学模式识别

目的通过指纹图谱的相似度比较和化学模式识别,确定TY719注射液原料大黄的产地,并建立指纹图谱共有模式。方法应用中南大学梁逸曾教授的中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件,对不同产地的掌叶大黄药材的HPLC指纹图谱进行相似度比较和主成分分析。结果有4个样品有明显的差异性,主成分分析进一步证明了相似度比较的结果。而后对同一产地多批药材进行相似度比较和主成分分析,确立了大黄指纹图谱共有模式的方法,筛选出建立指纹图谱共有模式的10批大黄的药材。结论该方法简便,灵敏,可操作性强,为控制TY719注射液原料药材质量提供了有效的手段。可作为TY719注射液质量控制标准的判断方法。      

关木通HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS指纹图谱研究

目的建立关木通HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS指纹图谱分析方法,可用于关木通质量的评价,为进一步开展关木通的肾毒性代谢研究提供药材质量依据。方法用75%甲醇对不同产地的关木通样品进行提取,经HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS联用技术分析,建立指纹图谱,确定共有指纹峰,并选用两种相似度计算方法进行比较。结果关木通中含有30个特征指标成分,初步建立了30个共有峰为特征指纹信息的HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS指纹图谱。24批被测样品的指纹图谱整体相似度在0.871～0.998,各产地关木通之间相似性良好。结论方法准确可靠,重现性好,可应用于关木通的品质评价和质量控制。     

HPLC指纹图谱联合化学计量学在不同产地云木香药材鉴别中的应用

目的 应用高效液相色谱法检测云木香药材指纹图谱, 采用多种化学计量学方法分析, 以鉴别不同产地云木香药材.方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法, 乙腈-水为流动相梯度程序洗脱, 流速1.0 m L/min, 检测波长254 nm, 检测云木香药材的HPLC图谱;结合相似度计算、系统聚类分析、主成分分析等方法分析指纹图谱, 对不同产地云木香进行鉴别.结果 该方法可使云木香中各成分得到较好的分离;根据检测结果确定了18个共有指纹峰, 建立了云木香药材指纹图谱的共有模式, 15个不同来源的云木香有一定相似度;但不同产地云木香药材样品的指纹图谱通过化学计量学分析, 发现存在较大差异.结论 该HPLC指纹图谱重复性好, 特异性高.HPLC指纹图谱联合化学计量学可鉴别不同产地云木香药材, 为云木香药材质量控制提供依据, 并为云木香药材资源合理开发利用提供参考.     

春柴胡黄酮成分的指纹图谱研究

目的 为了控制春柴胡药材的质量,对不同产地、不同采收期春柴胡药材黄酮类成分的指纹图谱进行了研究.方法 对测定指纹图谱的仪器,流动相、检测波长等条件进行了优选,建立了液相指纹图谱测定条件,并进行了方法 学考察.结果 10批春柴胡指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱计算相似度,其结果 均大于0.90.结论 通过建立10批江苏句容产春柴胡样品的HPLC共有模式,实验结果 客观、准确.为控制该地区春柴胡的质量和建立该品种的质量标准提供了依据.     

桑叶药材HPLC指纹图谱的研究

目的建立桑叶中药材的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法。方法采用HPLC-DAD法对桑叶进行指纹图谱分析,以芦丁为参照物分析了10批不同产地的桑叶样品,采用计算机辅助相似性评价系统进行评价。结果桑叶药材HPLC指纹图谱由13个特征峰构成指纹图谱的特征,10批样品的指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.90,符合指纹图谱研究技术的要求,所建立的指纹图谱具有稳定、重现的特点。结论该方法准确、简单,其色谱指纹图谱可用于桑叶药材的鉴别和质量控制。     

广西芒果皮指纹图谱的研究

目的:通过对芒果皮药材进行指纹图谱的分析研究,为科学评价和有效控制芒果皮药材质量提供理论依据。方法:参照《中药注射剂指纹图谱研究的技术要求(暂行)》的要求,对比不同提取溶剂、不同提取方法所获得的指纹图谱,选择图谱化学成分信息较多提取较高的方法作为提取条件,本文选用合适的色谱柱、检测波长,优选流动相、柱温,使色谱条件符合指纹图谱的要求,使用"计算机辅助相似度评价软件"进行数据处理,对10批芒果皮药材指纹图谱相似度比较分析。结果:测定10批芒果皮药材的指纹图谱,并生成对照指纹图谱,相对保留时间有较好的稳定性与重现性,10批芒果皮药材指纹图谱的相似度较好,以相似度计算,各批样品与对照指纹图谱间的相似度均在0.90以上。结论:首次建立了芒果皮药材的HPLC指纹图谱,得到其对照图谱,方法的重现性、稳定性和精密度良好,为科学评价和有效控制芒果皮药材质量提供了理论依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.