糖尿病肾病的中医药研究进展

目前在世界范围内,糖尿病肾病(DN)仍旧是导致终末期肾病的最重要原因.中医药防治DN在改善临床症状、降低尿蛋白、延缓肾功能衰竭等方面有很大的优势.DN的主要病机为本虚标实.中医药治疗本病的优势在于能够辨证施治,分期、分型论治,辨病与辨证相结合.主要治法为益气养阴活血和络、健脾补肾、温阳利水等.单味中药、中药提取物及中药...     

糖尿病肾病中医病名及病因病机浅述

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病常见并发症之一,其相当于中医学中＂消渴＂、＂水肿＂、＂虚劳＂、＂关格＂等范畴。脾肾亏虚为糖尿病肾病的病机之本,瘀血阻络是糖尿病肾病的病机之标,且贯穿于糖尿病肾病的始终。     

糖尿病肾病中医辨证治疗

糖尿病肾病(DN)是糖尿病严重的并发症之一,病变可累及肾血管、肾小球、肾小管和肾间质.其中糖尿病性肾小球硬化症是糖尿病特有的肾脏并发症,是糖尿病全身性微血管并发症之一.目的:讨论糖尿病肾病中医辨证治疗.方法:根据患者临床表现结合检查结果进行诊断并辨证治疗.结论:在肾小球滤过率增高期及正常白蛋白尿肾脏病变期可按中医燥热阴虚型辨证:存早期糖尿病肾病中医辨证为气阴两虚为主;而临床期则以阴阳两虚(脾肾两虚)为多;终末期糖尿病肾病则以阳衰湿浊瘀阻为主要表现.     

糖尿病肾病早期中医病机解析

糖尿病肾病因高发病率及致残率引起越来越多的学者重视,中药治疗介入糖尿病肾病早期可逆转病程发展,文章整理和总结辽宁省名中医专家马晓燕教授对糖尿病肾病早期的病机分析,指出气阴两虚是糖尿病肾病发生的内在基础;瘀血内阻是贯穿于糖尿病肾病始终的一种主要病理变化;而气阴两虚兼血瘀则是糖尿病肾病早期的病变要妙。针对糖尿病肾病早期病机,又提出益气养阴活血法是治疗糖尿病肾病早期最重要且行之有效的方法。     

糖尿病肾病的中医药研究进展

将糖尿病肾病中医药研究的病因病机、辨证施治等分类综述了研究进展现状.     

糖尿病肾病中医病因病机

糖尿病肾病早期表现为尿中微量蛋白,继而出现持续蛋白尿、水肿、高血压、肾小球滤过率降低,进而肾功能不全、终末期尿毒症,在从肾脾立论的基础上,多为气阴两虚所致,兼有瘀血、水湿、痰浊诸邪阻伤肾络,正虚邪实,脏腑皆虚,"痰、瘀、毒"为其致病之要因。脏腑内虚为糖尿病肾病的基本病机,尤以脾肾亏虚为根本,血瘀痰浊是糖尿病肾病的主要病机特点,且血瘀贯穿于糖尿病肾病的始终。     

糖尿病肾病病名探源及病机述评

文章从古代医家对糖尿病肾病的临床症状描述,对糖尿病肾病的古代病名进行探讨。纵观近代医家对糖尿病肾病的病机研究进展,作者发现随着糖尿病发展至糖尿病肾病,其基本病机也从阴虚燥热发展为气阴两虚,而且贯穿于疾病的始终,后期阴损及阳,阴阳两虚。病位主要在肾,病久损伤肾络,虚损脏腑以脾肾为主,可涉及肝脏。在脏腑气血亏虚的同时,还会产生相应的病理产物,瘀、痰、湿、毒病理因素等同时与虚并存,相互作用产生瘀阻血脉、痰瘀互结、水湿潴留、浊毒内停等标实之病理变化。     

中医药治疗糖尿病肾病近况

综述糖尿病胃病的中医药治疗,阐明糖尿病肾病的病因病机,辨证分型,中药复方治疗和单味治疗的疗效比较.指出目前治疗中存在问题及解决的途径.     

糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的中医药治疗研究

糖尿病肾病的中医病机是多脏腑气血阴阳亏虚,兼夹瘀血、水湿、痰浊、浊毒等实邪,为本虚标实,虚实夹杂之证.瘀血既是糖尿病肾病发生发展过程中的病理产物,又是糖尿病肾病进展的重要条件.中医药采用分型论治、专方治疗等方法能解毒增效,调节免疫功能,减轻蛋白尿,改善肾功能.     

中医药对糖尿病肾病(消渴症)的研究治疗概况

本文就近年来中医药对糖尿病肾病(消渴肾病)的研究治疗现状进行简要概述,阐释了中医对糖尿病肾病这一现代医学病症的认识,认为糖尿病肾病的发生是由消渴迁延而致,而其病因病机主要是本虚标实,即气血阴阳之本虚而表现为水湿痰饮瘀血等标实之症;同时对近年来糖尿病肾病的中医药治疗现状进行一定程度的总结。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.