静脉麻醉在内镜检查中的应用

目的:研究静脉麻醉药咪唑安定和异丙酚联合应用于内镜检查中的可行性和安全性。方法:选ASAI～Ⅱ级患者,镇静组胃镜检查者60例、结肠镜检查者36例,同期普通胃镜60例、肠镜36例为对照组;观察在静脉麻醉下生命体征的变化,镇静效果分级、并发症发生率(呼吸抑制、血压下降、恶心、呕吐、咳嗽和躁动)以及用药总量、检查后清醒时间(呼之睁眼、可回答问题)和离室时间,并与对照组比较。结果:镇静组镇静效果分级在4～5级,对内镜操作无记忆,且在进镜、退镜时血压、心率与入室时基本无异,而对照组在进镜时血压、心率较入室有明显升高;两组比较(P<0.05)有显著性差异。镇静组恶心呕吐、咳嗽、躁动、咽部不适发生率分别为0、8.3%、10%、0,而对照组分别为38%、1.7%、28%、24%;镇静组清醒时间为(7.86±2.21)min,术毕室内留滞时间为(18.25±3.56)min,而对照组室内留滞时间为(5.12±1.32)min;胃镜总用药量咪唑安定(2±0.25)mg,异丙酚(100±20)mg;肠镜咪唑安定(2±0.25)mg,异丙酚(150±30)mg;结论:静脉麻醉下的内镜检查是操作简单、安全可行的,其术毕室内留滞时间较普通内镜检查稍长,应由经验丰富的麻醉医师和内镜检查医师合作完成,在检查室内应常规配备急救药品和器械,以确保安全。     

异丙酚的不同用法在镇静性上消化道内镜术中的效果

目的:研究异丙酚的不同用法对镇静性上消化道内镜术安全性的影响.方法:400例行镇静性上消化道内镜术的患者按来院检查时间的先后顺序分成A,B,C,D共4组(均n=100),观察咪唑安定与异丙酚注药之间的不同间隔时间(A和D组为30 s～1 min,B和C组为3～5 min)及异丙酚的不同注药速度(A和B组为16～25 mg/10 s,C和D组为6～7 mg/10 s)对异丙酚用量及清醒时间的影响.结果:在一定范围内应用咪唑安定后再用异丙酚的间隔时间较长者,异丙酚用量较小;异丙酚推注速度较慢者,用量亦可减少,A,B,C,D组异丙酚用量分别为(111.90±22.43),(102.20±15.99),(73.05±13.08)和(80.90±17.36)mg,4组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);用量较小组(C,D组)受检者清醒时间亦相对缩短,A和B组的清醒时间分别为(14±5),(13±3)min,C和D组分别为(9±1),(10±2)min,A,B组与C,D组比较差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论:在一定范围内严格控制异丙酚的注药速度及咪唑安定与异丙酚的给药间隔时间,可相应减少异丙酚的用量,缩短清醒时间,从而使镇静性上消化道内镜术的应用更安全.     

咪达唑仑清醒在内镜检查中的应用研究

目的:探讨使用咪达唑仑行清醒镇静镇痛内镜检查的合理用量、成功率和安全性。方法:回顾性分析本院2008年7月-2012年7月行咪达唑仑清醒镇静镇痛胃镜、肠镜检查的520例患者的病例资料,分析其总成功率、行走恢复时间、满意度和遗忘度,并比较不同年龄组用药情况和不良反应。结果:内镜检查的总成功率为100%,胃镜和肠镜检查的满意度达99.17%和99.29%,而遗忘度分别为98.33%和98.21%,恢复时间分别为(14.92±1.32)min和(12.38±2.01)min,胃镜组咪达唑仑平均用量为3.5mg/次,肠镜组为4.2mg/次,均无严重并发症。结论:使用咪达唑仑行清醒镇静镇痛内镜检查的成功率高,患者恢复快,安全性高,值得临床推广使用。     

异丙酚和咪唑安定对ICU机械 通气镇静治疗效果的比较

目的 比较异丙酚和咪唑安定对重症监护病房(ICU)机械通气患者镇静治疗的效果.方法 选择在ICU呼吸机治疗的患者58人,随机分为两组.异丙酚组30人,咪唑安定组28人,异丙酚组以0.25～1.00mg/kg异丙酚行静脉诱导,咪唑安定组以0.05～0.10mg/kg咪唑安定行静脉诱导,然后改用微量泵持续注入,异丙酚0.50～4.00 mg/(kg·h),咪唑安定0.05～0.15mg/(kg·h)进行维持,根据不同的RAMSAY镇静分级调整用量,维持理想的镇静深度3、4级,观察两组药物起效时间、停药后苏醒时间,并记录用药前后和苏醒时心率、血压及血氧饱和度,停药后再入睡发生情况.结果 两组药物起效时间异丙酚组为(36.0±6.0)s,咪唑安定组为(55.0±8.0)s,两组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01).停药后苏醒时间异丙酚组为(44.8±7.0)min,咪唑安定组为(92.0±8.0)min(P ＜0.01).两组患者随镇静程度的加深用药量增加,但对呼吸循环无明显抑制.异丙酚组较咪唑安定组苏醒时间快,苏醒后再入睡率明显减少(P＜0.05).结论 异丙酚镇静起效时间短,苏醒快,苏醒后不良反应发生率明显少于咪唑安定.     

异丙酚用于门诊电子胃镜结肠镜检查术的麻醉

目的:探讨异丙酚静脉麻醉应用于门诊胃镜、结肠镜检查术的可行性。方法:40例门诊胃镜、结肠镜检查术病人,行异丙酚静脉麻醉,观察用药量及术后病人恢复情况。结果:异丙酚平均用药量为(176.5±40.3)mg;意识恢复时间为(5.5±2.7)min。定向力恢复时间为(7.5±1.3)min,完全清醒时间为(10.5±3.3)min。结论:异丙酚静脉麻醉适合于门诊胃镜、结肠镜检查术的病人。     

异丙酚与咪唑安定在ICU机械通气镇静治疗中的应用

目的评价异丙酚与咪唑安定在ICU机械通气镇静治疗中的效果及其安全性。方法异丙酚组和咪唑安定组ICU病人各40例,异丙酚组先静注异丙酚1.5mg/kg行镇静诱导,然后用微量注射泵持续静注异丙酚0.5～4mg/kg/h。咪唑安定组,先静注咪唑安定0.06mg/kg行镇静诱导,以0.03～0.2mg/kg/h的剂量,用注射泵持续静脉内泵入。维持理想的镇静深度约2～3级。观察各项镇静指标。结果镇静持续时间异丙酚组为(28.3±5.6)h,咪唑安定组为(26.8±6.4)h。达到满意镇静深度的时间,异丙酚组为(26.3±7.7)s,咪唑安定组为(62.6±12.3)s,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。镇静效率异丙酚组92%,咪唑安定组为90%。停药后苏醒时间异丙酚组为(21.2±15.7)min,咪唑安定组(114±36)min,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。异丙酚组有6例出现血压下降,2例出现心率减慢,1例停药后出现恶心;咪唑安定组有1例出现血压下降,4例停药清醒后再入睡,5例停药后出现恶心。结论异丙酚和咪唑安定作为ICU镇静剂安全有效,只要合理地实施镇静方案,能使ICU病人取得满意的镇静效果。     

异丙酚和咪唑安定应用于小儿无痛胃镜检查的比较观察

目的 比较异丙酚和咪唑安定在小儿无痛胃镜检查中的应用效果及其不良反应.方法 选择需行胃镜诊治的门诊或住院患儿100例,分为异丙酚组(A组,n=50)和咪唑安定组(B组,n=50)进行麻醉.常规监测两组患儿的血压、心率、呼吸、心电图、血氧饱和度,记录其麻醉起效时间、清醒时间和不良反应.结果 两组患儿均顺利完成胃镜检查,检查结束后主观感受良好.A组不良反应率为2 %,低于B组的10%;A组麻醉起效时间和术后清醒时间分别为(0.4±0.1) min、(7.5±2.5) min,明显短于B组的(3.8±1.2) min和(22.4±7.8) min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组患儿麻醉前后的血压、心率、呼吸、血氧饱和度、心电图ST段均无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 胃镜检查时适量应用异丙酚或咪唑安定静脉镇静,是一种安全、有效的方法;但异丙酚麻醉比咪唑安定起效更迅速,且苏醒快,不良反少,值得临床应用.     

异丙酚、咪唑安定和芬太尼在180例儿童胃镜检查中的观察

目的探讨联合应用咪唑安定、芬太尼和异丙酚静脉麻醉行儿童无痛胃镜检查术的有效性和安全性.方法常规使用阿托品0.02mg/kg后静脉缓推咪唑安定0.05～0.07mg/kg、芬太尼0.8～1.0μg/kg异丙酚1～2mg/kg,待患儿入睡后进行检查.观察患儿的心率(HR)、血压(BP)、呼吸(R)、血氧饱合度(SPO2)的变化,记录操作时间及苏醒时间.检查完毕后,观察患儿的反应.结果 180例除1例术中明显呼吸抑制外,其余顺利完成检查.用药前后BP、SPO2有所下降,但检查结束后能迅速恢复至正常水平.胃镜操作时间(5.4±1.7)min、清醒时间(5.9±1.4)min.呛咳、恶心呕吐及轻微体动的发生率分别为0.5%、0、21.6%.结论异丙酚、咪唑安定和芬太尼静脉复合麻醉行小儿无痛胃镜检查,是一种安全、有效的方法.     

咪唑安定复合异丙酚、芬太尼用于无痛肠镜的临床观察

目的：观察咪唑安定复合异丙酚、芬太尼用于无痛肠镜的临床效果和安全性。方法：选择无痛肠镜检查病人100例,随机分为两组：观察组50例和对照组50例。观察组采用咪唑安定1mg＋芬太尼0．05mg＋异丙酚静脉麻醉,对照组采用芬太尼0．05mg＋异丙酚静脉麻醉。观察两组诱导前、诱导后2、5、10min的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2和异丙酚用量、操作时间、苏醒时间、不良反应及30min离院率。结果：两组诱导后2min的SBP、DBP、HR与诱导前有明显下降（P〈0．05）,其余各时段无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;观察组异丙酚追加量、诱导量、总用量明显低于对照组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;两组的苏醒时间及操作时间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;两组30min离院率均为100％。结论：小剂量咪唑安定复合异丙酚、芬太尼用于无痛肠镜可以减少异丙酚用量,安全有效。     

异丙酚复合芬太尼或咪唑安定用于无痛肠镜的对比观察

目的:评价不同配伍的异丙酚在无痛肠镜检查中对生命体征及术后苏醒时间的影响.方法:40例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级在门诊做无痛肠镜的患者随机分为两组,Ⅰ组为芬太尼 异丙酚组,Ⅱ组为咪唑安定 异丙酚;I组先静脉注入芬太尼0.5～0.8μg/kg,2min后再继续静脉注入异丙酚1.0～1.8mg/kg;Ⅱ组先静脉注入0.04～0.05mg/kg咪唑安定,2min后再继续静脉注入异丙酚1.0～1.8mg/Kg,注药中密切观察受检查者的反应,待其睫毛角膜反射消失,即停止注入异丙酚开始插肠镜检查.记录各组用药前后和术毕的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)以及肠镜操作时间、苏醒时间和异丙酚的总量.结果:两组的HR、MAP均有所下降,但都不具有统计学意义;药物配伍对SpO2的影响较大;苏醒时间I组明显短于Ⅱ组.结论:在门诊无痛肠镜麻醉中,芬太尼复合异丙酚组更优于咪唑安定复合异丙酚组.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.