阴茎浅筋膜后移法阴茎增粗术60例

目的 探讨阴茎浅筋膜后移法行阴茎增粗术的临床应用效果.方法 按常规保留内板0.3 ～0.8 cm,确定第1条环形切口线,根据阴茎勃起长度确定第2条环形切口线,剥除双环之间的皮肤组织,保留阴茎浅筋膜和阴茎背浅静脉系统,在切口两侧皮肤无张力对合的情况下,将双环间的阴茎浅筋膜向阴茎近端推移并分段固定,以增粗阴茎.结果 治疗阴茎细小伴包皮过长或包茎患者60例,随访3 ～12个月,阴茎静息状态与勃起状态时的周径均较术前增加,阴茎头显露于外,包皮外观平滑自然,阴茎功能良好.结论 阴茎浅筋膜后移法阴茎增粗术能够充分利用自体组织增粗阴茎,且能同时解决包皮过长或包茎的问题.     

鼻背筋膜下鼻假体置入隆鼻176例总结分析

目的：寻求隆鼻手术的最佳层次并探讨术中注意事项。方法：对176例鼻梁低平者，行鼻背筋膜下放置鼻假体支架进行隆鼻手术，并进行总结分析。结果：170例术后隆鼻效果满意，满意率达96．6％以上。6例因假体形态不佳、偏移而再次手术，经再次手术后3个月～2年的随访观察，除2例肿胀消退时间较长外，就医者对术后效果均满意。结论：由专科医师实施手术是减少隆鼻术失败的关键。采取一些措施后鼻背筋膜下放置鼻假体支架行隆鼻手术可取得较好手术效果，是一种可行的方法。     

自体耳廓软骨盾牌形移植在固体硅胶假体隆鼻术中的应用

目的:介绍自体耳廓软骨盾牌形移植在固体硅胶假体隆鼻术中应用的方法。方法:在固体硅胶假体隆鼻术中,将盾牌状的自体耳廓软骨通过右鼻翼软骨缘切口移植于鼻翼软骨穹隆前下方,增强美学效果。结果:23例患者进行了3个月至15个月的随访,术后鼻部外形美观,鼻尖无畸形,无并发症发生,效果良好。结论:自体耳廓软骨盾牌形移植对于预防或减轻隆鼻术后鼻尖上旋、增加鼻尖表现点、保护鼻尖皮肤方面具有不可替代的作用。     

耳软骨在二次隆鼻术及鼻尖成形术中的应用

目的：探索二次隆鼻术及鼻尖成形术的方法。方法：采用鼻小柱“飞鸟”形切口加鼻翼软骨缘切口,切开分离皮肤、皮下组织,显露假体并取出,分离两侧鼻翼软骨及侧鼻软骨等,将取下的耳软骨缝合固定于新雕刻假体的顶部及短壁上,插入鼻背固定,缝合双侧穹窿部鼻翼软骨,缝合切口。结果：自2010年6月～2013年6月对46例不满意隆鼻术行二次隆鼻及鼻尖成形术,获得满意的手术效果。术后鼻尖形态自然、鼻长度延长、高度增加、歪鼻也得到矫正等。结论：用自体耳软骨及硅胶假体行二次隆鼻术及鼻尖整形术,能解决鼻尖不良形态,矫正鼻偏斜、鼻孔外露、增加鼻长度,获得鼻部整体形态自然协调的效果,是一种理想的手术方法。     

Laparoscopic augmentation cystoplasty with different biodegradable grafts in an animal model

PURPOSE: Recently a variety of biodegradable organic materials have been used for bladder wall replacement. We sought to study the effectiveness of 4 different types of biodegradable materials for bladder augmentation using laparoscopic techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty one minipigs underwent successful transperitoneal laparoscopic partial cystectomy and subsequent closure (6 control) or patch augmentation (25): porcine bowel acellular tissue matrix (ATM) (6), bovine pericardium (BPC) (6), human placental membranes (HPM) (6) or porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) (7). An intracorporeal suturing technique with the EndoStitch device (U.S. Surgical, Norwalk, CT) and Lapra-Ty clips (Ethicon, Enodsurgery Inc. Cincinnati, OH) was used to anastomose the graft to the bladder wall. Postoperatively, a urethral catheter was left for one week. Bladders were evaluated by cystoscopy at 6 and 12 weeks and harvested at 12 weeks. RESULTS: Grafts remained in place in all groups except for the BPC group, where all grafts failed to incorporate. For the ATM and SIS groups, at 6 weeks, there was mucosal coverage of the grafts without evidence of encrustation. In the control group, at 12 weeks, the bladder capacity was 23% less than preoperatively. In the ATM, HPM and SIS groups, at 12 weeks, the bladder capacities were larger than preoperatively by 16%, 51% and 43% respectively; also the grafts had contracted to 70%, 65%, and 60% of their original sizes, respectively. Histologically, there was patchy epithelialization of ATM and SIS grafts with a mixture of squamoid and transitional cell epithelia. The graft persisted as a well-vascularized fibrous band in HPM, ATM, and SIS without evidence of significant inflammatory response. CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic technique for partial bladder wall replacement using a free graft is feasible. The biodegradable grafts of ATM, HPM and SIS are tolerated by host bladder and are associated with predominantly only mucosal regeneration at 12 weeks post-operatively.     

真皮脂肪复合组织条移植在阴茎增粗延长术中的应用

目的 探讨应用真皮脂肪复合组织条游离移植行阴茎增粗延长术的方法及临床疗效.方法 2004年5月至2010年12月,应用自体真皮脂肪组织条游离移植加阴茎根部切口阴茎延长术,对24例患者行阴茎增粗延长.采用阴茎根部切口,切断阴茎浅悬韧带及部分深悬韧带进行阴茎延长,同时在阴茎深筋膜与海绵体白膜间游离移植长6.0～9.5 cm,宽1.2～1.5 cm,厚度0.6～0.8 cm真皮脂肪复合组织条,自耻骨前区腔隙直至阴茎冠状沟,以增粗阴茎.结果 24例中23例一期愈合,1例发生切口脂肪液化,换药后愈合.阴茎常态及勃起后形态良好,勃起时延长长度为2.5 ～4.8 cm,平均3.2 cm;阴茎周径延长长度为1.8～3.0 cm,平均2.4 cm.本组18例获得3个月至5年的随访,所有患者对术后阴茎形态满意,对性生活质量满意度高,未见手术并发症.结论 真皮脂肪复合组织条移植加阴茎悬韧带切断术是一种较好的阴茎增粗延长术式,手术安全,效果肯定.     

Notch-free vermillion after unilateral cleft lip repair: The Charles Pinto centre protocol

A notch on the vermillion is one of the most common complications following the repair of a unilateral cleft lip. Several methods have been described for the secondary correction of a notch. However, there are only a few reports on how the notch can be prevented during primary lip repair. Causes of a vermillion notch were analysed at the Charles Pinto Centre for Cleft Lip and Palate and each possible cause addressed by an appropriate procedure. This protocol was then followed in every patient. In this manner, we have been able to avoid notches in unilateral cleft lips altogether and more significantly, junior trainees in our department have also been able to consistently avoid a notch in their repairs.     

Chin augmentation using diced cartilage

Eight patients with microgenia have undergone augmentation with diced nasal cartilage. Cartilage grafts were harvested from the nose during rhinoplasty. These grafts were cut into 0.5 to 1.0 mm pieces using a #11 blade and were wrapped in one layer of Surgicel (oxidized regenerated cellulose). This cartilage mass was inserted into the chin pocket. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and photography. These investigations showed that diced cartilage grafts maintained 75% of their dimensions at six months after implantation. The follow-up period was 12 months, and the aesthetic results were satisfactory. Received: 5 May 1997 / Accepted: 21 August 1997     

Advantages and Outcomes in Subfascial Breast Augmentation: A Two-Year Review of Experience

BACKGROUND: One of the most popular surgical cosmetic procedures, breast augmentation, has enjoyed large acceptance in the last few decades. One of the most important factors in the dynamics established between the implants and the soft tissues after breast augmentation is the pocket plane. Surgeons have been seeking the proper plane into which the implant might be placed. The subglandular approach resulted in implant edge visibility and was thought to result in a higher incidence of fibrous capsular contractures. Despite the advantage of concealing the implant edges using the subpectoral approach, implant displacement occurred with contraction of the pectoralis muscle. The use of the retrofascial plane seems to yield the benefits of both planes without the deficits. METHODS: Since 2006, 45 patients with hypomastia have undergone subfascial breast augmentation using anatomical contour profile gel cohesive III textured implants. RESULTS: Pleasing long-term results have been obtained by using subfascial breast augmentation, with maintenance of a natural breast shape and a smooth transition between the soft tissue and implant in the upper pole. There were no capsular contractures and no complaints regarding displacement of the implants with contraction of the pectoralis major muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The subfascial breast augmentation technique offers improved long-term aesthetic results because the dynamics between the implant and soft tissues have been optimized. This technique is extremely versatile and may also be used in patients requiring removal and replacement of breast implants.     

Vertebral augmentation via the rib approach: Surgical essentials and therapeutic effects

ObjectiveThe rib approach is a new extrapedicular approach for vertebral augmentation in the thoracic spine. This article discusses the surgical essentials and therapeutic effect.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) imagings were obtained from 100 subjects to stimulate a Φ 4-mm puncture needle via the rib approach to determine the anatomical parameters of the channel and the position of the needle inserted in the vertebral body. Application results for 26 patients with T5–10 lesions were observed, four patients were treated under general anesthesia and 22 were treated under local anesthesia.ResultsThe channel diameter was 5.9–7.0 mm. In T5–10, the puncture needle could reach the middle of the midsagittal line of vertebral bodies in the transverse plane and only reached the middle and upper parts of the vertebral body in the sagittal plane. One week after surgery, the visual analog scale (VAS) sores decreased to 2.4 ± 0.8, the ODI decreased to 13.4 ± 5.9, and the anterior and posterior vertebral body height ratios recovered to 82.2 ± 13.7% and 86.3 ± 13.2%, respectively (all, P < 0.05). No intraspinal cement leakage or nerve injury was noted.ConclusionsVertebral augmentation via the rib approach is suitable only for patients with T5-10 lesions located in the middle and upper parts of the vertebral body. The puncture needle should be inclined inward and downward. This method is characterized by simple execution and low risks of intraspinal cement leakage and nerve injury.     

Surgical outcomes of temporary short-segment instrumentation without augmentation for thoracolumbar burst fractures

BackgroundShort-segment posterior spinal instrumentation for thoracolumbar burst fracture provides superior correction of kyphosis by an indirect reduction technique, but it has a high failure rate. We investigated the clinical and radiological results of temporary short-segment pedicle screw fixation without augmentation performed for thoracolumbar burst fractures with the goal of avoiding treatment failure by waiting to see if anterior reconstruction was necessary.MethodsWe studied 27 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture who underwent short-segment posterior instrumentation using ligamentotaxis with Schanz screws and without augmentation. Implants were removed approximately 1 year after surgery. Neurological function, kyphotic deformity, canal compromise, fracture severity, and back pain were evaluated prospectively.ResultsAfter surgery, all patients with neurological deficit had improvement equivalent to at least 1 grade on the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale and had fracture union. Kyphotic deformity was reduced significantly, and maintenance of the reduced vertebra was successful even without vertebroplasty, regardless of load-sharing classification. Therefore, no patients required additional anterior reconstruction. Postoperative correction loss occurred because of disc degeneration, especially after implant removal. Ten patients had increasing back pain, and there are some correlations between the progression of kyphosis and back pain aggravation.ConclusionTemporary short-segment fixation without augmentation yielded satisfactory results in reduction and maintenance of fractured vertebrae, and maintenance was independent of load-sharing classification. Kyphotic change was caused by loss of disc height mostly after implant removal. Such change might have been inevitable because adjacent endplates can be injured during the original spinal trauma. Kyphotic change after implant removal may thus be a limitation of this surgical procedure.     

Bone marrow augmentation in kidney transplantation: a large animal study

Specific immunomodulatory strategies are required to eliminate the need for lifelong dependence on debilitating immunosuppressants. One proposed strategy is to simultaneously transplant the kidney and infuse donor-specific bone marrow cells. We prospectively studied the effect of unmodified donor-specific bone marrow infusion (DSBMI) on rejection, infection, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and graft survival. We performed 57 kidney transplants in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-reactive, outbred pigs. The groups of recipient pigs differed according to the use of (1) indefinite versus short-term tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, (2) DSBMI, and (3) recipient preconditioning (RPC: whole body irradiation with 400 rads on day 0 and horse anti-pig thymocyte globulin (ATG) on days –2, –1, and 0). In all, we studied eight groups: group 1, nonimmunosuppressed control pigs (n = 8); group 2, nonimmunosuppressed DSBMI pigs (n = 7); group 3, nonimmunosuppressed RPC + DSBMI pigs (n = 5); group 4, tacrolimus (indefinite) pigs (n = 11); group 5, tacrolimus (10 days only) pigs (n = 5); group 6, DSBMI + tacrolimus (indefinite) pigs (n = 8); group 7, DSBMI + tacrolimus (10 days only) pigs (n = 6); and group 8, RPC + DSBMI + tacrolimus (indefinite) pigs (n = 7). DSBMI alone (group 2) or in combination with RPC (group 3) did not prolong graft survival, as compared with nonimmunosuppressed controls (group 1). In groups 1, 2, and 3, all but one pig died from rejection; in group 3 only, 45 % of the pigs died from concurrent infection or GvHD, indicating that RPC in combination with DSBMI aggravated the risk of generalized infection and GvHD. Post-transplant immunosuppression – irrespective of indefinite or short-term administration – was required for prolonged graft survival. With indefinite use of immunosuppression, graft survival rates and death rates from rejection were not different for pigs with (group 6) versus without (group 4) DSBMI; however, the death rate from infection was higher in group 6, suggesting that the bone marrow inoculum increased the risk of systemic infection. With short-term use of immunosuppression, graft survival rates were higher and death rates from rejection lower for pigs with (group 7) versus without (group 5) DSBMI. But DSBMI and short-term immunosuppression (group 7) failed to prolong survival beyond that achieved with indefinite immunosuppression (groups 4 and 6). Although the combination of DSBMI and short-term immunosuppression (group 7) reduced the risk of infection, it did not avert severe rejection. The addition of RPC to DSBMI and indefinite immunosuppression (group 8) significantly decreased graft survival, as compared with groups 4, 6, and 7. It also increased the incidence of death from rejection, GvHD, and infection, or a combination thereof. Unmodified DSBMI did not prolong graft survival after kidney transplantation, nor did it decrease the incidence of rejection. But it aggravated the risk of GvHD and infection. Short-term immunosuppression with DSBMI reduced the incidence of death from infection or GvHD, but it resulted in a higher incidence of death from rejection (as compared with indefinite use of immunosuppression). RPC, combined with DSBMI and indefinite immunosuppression, increased the death rate from rejection, GvHD, infection, or a combination thereof. In this large animal study, the effect of unmodified DSBMI has been disappointing. The search continues for the optimal way to successfully perform bone marrow augmentation in solid organ transplants. Received: 6 June 2000 Accepted: 28 December 2000     

Lingual mucosal graft substitution urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures: our technique of graft harvesting

OBJECTIVE: To describe our technique of lingual mucosal graft harvesting for substitution urethroplasty and the complications encountered at the donor site. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients who underwent lingual mucosal graft urethroplasty between May 2006 and March 2007 were included in this study. TECHNIQUE: The site of the graft harvest is the lateral mucosal lining of the tongue. Graft harvesting is started from the posterior landmark of the graft on the left side of the tongue. It is continued across the tip of the tongue to the other side if lengthier graft is required. The graft harvesting site is simultaneously closed with continuous running suture using 4-0 polyglactin suture to achieve immediate and good homeostasis. RESULTS: Mean duration of follow up was 4.2 months. Average length of harvested graft was 6.5 cm. Mean harvesting time was 18 min. At the first postoperative day, 92% patients experienced pain at donor site and 24% had slurring of speech. By third postoperative day, >70% were free of pain and four had slurring of speech. By sixth postoperative day, none of the patient suffered pain. All the patients were able to resume oral fluid within 24 h, eat soft solid diet in 48-72 h and return to normal diet after 4-5 days of surgery. No patient suffered from difficulty in opening the mouth, salivation disturbances, peri-oral numbness or difficulty in protrusion of tongue. CONCLUSION: Lingual mucosal graft harvesting is a simple procedure, provides lengthy graft and is associated with minimal donor site complications.     

Breast augmentation: A review of subglandular and submuscular implantation

A study of 156 patients who underwent augmentation mammoplasty at the Medical College of Georgia from June 1980 to July 1985 is presented. Complete records on 89 patients with 196 implants were obtained. A retrospective analysis with respect to capsular contracture was undertaken. Possible influential variables including age of patient, type of prosthesis, operative blood loss, use of local steroids, and site of insertion (i.e., submuscular versus subglandular) were considered. The site of implant insertion was the only statistically significant factor affecting capsular contracture. The incidence of capsular contracture was 9.4% with the submuscular approach and 58.0% with subglandular contracture. The followup time for the submuscular group was 17.4 months (range of 6–36 months) with the mean time of capsule contracture occurring 4.5 months after insertion. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss or elapsed operating time between the submuscular and the subglandular placements of the prosthesis. This study confirms the submuscular technique of augmentation mammoplasty as the most reliable method of reducing the high incidence of capsular contracture.Presented at the annual meeting of the Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Boca Raton, Florida, May 27, 1986     

改进的Body-jet 水动力辅助脂肪提纯系统在自体脂肪移植隆乳术中的应用

目的 探讨改进的Body-jet 水动力辅助脂肪提纯系统在自体脂肪移植隆乳术中的临床效果.方法在Body-jet 水动力辅助脂肪提纯系统收集罐取脂孔安装自制改进的取脂配件,在吸脂的同时采集灌下层的液体进行离心,提取脂肪来源干细胞,并与脂肪颗粒细胞一起注入乳房组织.结果 本组共23例患者,所有患者乳房体积都得到了不同程度的增大;未见感染、脂肪液化、囊肿等并发症发生.结论利用改进的Body-jet 水动力辅助脂肪提纯系统进行自体脂肪隆乳术,效果可靠,操作简单,可在临床推广使用.     

伤椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折初步疗效观察

目的 探讨椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(SVCF)的初步疗效.方法 对非植骨组(30例)和植骨组(19例)患者手术前后疼痛程度、病变椎体前缘高度、Cobb角,以及骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体骨折等并发症情况进行观察,并进行统计分析.结果 无肺栓塞及神经并发症发生,2组患者疼痛均明显缓解,伤椎高度和Cobb角矫正较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访2～5年,平均3年2个月,骨水泥渗漏非植骨组5例,植骨组1例,邻近椎体再骨折非植骨组4例,植骨组1例.2组在骨水泥渗漏率、邻近椎体骨折发生率方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化在降低骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体骨折发生率上具有优势,是一种较理想的治疗方法.     

Estimating implant size in chin augmentation: A simplified approach

A receding chin, colloquially known as a weak chin, is a significant aesthetic impediment to a pleasing face. Multiple techniques exist to evaluate the poorly projecting chin, but most are imprecise when it comes to choosing the proper implant size. This choice is further complicated by the impracticality of commercially available chin implants. Most implant manufacturers offer only three to four categories of implants (small, medium, large, etc) that differ in size from one company to another, making the choice of the proper implant size a real challenge.The present paper discusses a new approach to precise sizing of the chin implant, based primarily on the degree of chin convexity (curvature of the chin pad) in the profile view. Examples of mentoplasties performed using the chin convexity principle are presented.