骨盆火器伤死亡3例剖检资料分析

通过对3例骨盆火器伤尸体解剖观察,探讨骨盆火器伤早期伤情特点,总结死亡原因,以提高骨盆火器伤的救治水平。     

开放性腹部外伤102例救治分析

目的探讨开放性腹部外伤的早期诊断和救治方法。方法回顾性总结2001年2月—2011年12月收治的102例开放性腹部外伤患者的临床资料。结果 102例患者治愈98例,死亡4例(2例失血性休克死亡,1例术后腹腔严重感染死亡,1例术后多器官功能衰竭死亡),救治成功率96.1%。结论开放性腹部外伤的救治重点在于早期正确判断是否存在穿透伤、腹腔内脏器损伤及是否需要急诊剖腹探查。应当根据患者受伤过程、腹部体征结合必要的检查来把握剖腹探查指征。一旦发现剖腹探查指征,应尽早手术探查。仔细、全面、有序的剖腹探查是手术成功的关键。开放性腹部外伤腹腔镜探查具有早期诊断、治疗和创伤小、并发症少等优点,但应严格掌握适应证。     

重视和加强颅脑火器伤的临床救治

颅脑火器伤在所有的部位伤中死亡率最高 ,也是火器伤救治的难点。在美国每年约有 330 0 0人死于火器伤 ,居美国十大意外死亡原因之首[1] 。颅脑火器伤常常累及脑、颌面部、颈部大血管、脊髓等众多组织器官 ,涉及神经外科、颌面外科、眼科、耳鼻喉科以及整形外科等多个相关学科 ,伤势严重 ,伤情复杂 ,牵涉环节多 ,给伤情的正确判断、救治等造成很大困难。因此 ,提高颅脑火器伤的临床救治水平是当前火器伤研究的一个重要课题 ,必须予以重视和加强。一、重视颅脑火器伤的急救36%的颅脑火器伤患者死于院前 ,只有 64%的患者有机会进入医院进行抢…     

四肢单纯火器伤死亡5例尸解资料分析

本组5例均为四肢单纯火器伤死亡者,而且均是经过一线医院的早期救治,在转送二线医院途中或转送后死亡的。为探讨其死亡原因,我们对尸解资料进行了分析。     

腹腔火器伤感染积脓6例尸检资料分析

由于腹腔脏器位置和组织结构的特殊性 ,一旦遭受火器击伤后易引起腹腔感染积脓。我院收治腹腔火器伤 134例 ,继发感染积脓 6例 (4 5 % )均死亡。为探讨腹腔火器伤继发感染积脓的防治措施 ,提高救治效果 ,我们对该 6例尸检资料进行了分析。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　 6例均为男性青壮年。弹片伤 3例 ,枪弹丸伤 3例。伤后 2ｄ内入院 2例 ,3ｄ后入院 4例。受伤后神志清醒 2例 ,休克昏迷 4例。均有腹胀、腹痛 ,呼吸困难、烦躁不安 ,恶心、呕吐及蛋白尿 ;伤后 3ｄ始持续发热 ,直至死亡。伤口分泌物培养出大肠杆菌 1例。1 2　致伤效应　 6例体表…     

28例腹部枪弹伤救治体会

腹部枪弹伤是战时的常见损伤,主要表现腹腔内出血和感染。收集我科救治的28例腹部枪弹伤,其中手术探查25例,治愈23例,死亡2例。现将救治体会报告如下。     

火器伤死亡病例尸体解剖问题浅析

火器伤尸体解剖研究困难 ,至今未见系统完整的火器伤尸体解剖资料报道。最近 ,我们在对某战区一些医院的火器伤尸体解剖资料中发现 ,部分火器伤尸体解剖存在些问题 ,影响了火器伤死亡病例尸体解剖的质量。为加强今后对火器伤尸体解剖工作的研究 ,使其正规化、规范化 ,现将存在的问题剖析如下。1　尸体解剖申请单内容填写不规范尸体解剖 ,对现代医学的发展产生了重大影响。同样 ,火器伤死亡病例尸体解剖也必定能推动军事医学学科的发展和研究 ,为战伤救治和卫勤保障提供科学依据 ,因此 ,应重视火器伤尸体解剖工作 ,在火器伤死亡病例尸体解剖…     

环境对肢体火器伤的影响

四肢火器伤占全身火器伤 60%,其早期有效的救治对减少伤员住院及康复时间,减少伤残率,提高伤员归队率十分重要。环境对肢体火器伤的影响和转归越来越受到人们的关注。本文就环境对火器伤损伤的病理、细菌学及治疗等方面的研究现状和存在的问题作一概述。     

火器伤364例麻醉处理体会

火器伤伤员具有伤情复杂、重伤多等特点 ,如何及时救治伤员 ,使他们安全度过麻醉、手术关 ,是麻醉工作者值得深思的问题。 1984年以来 ,我院收治火器伤伤员 36 4例 ,经麻醉、手术处理 ,除 1例死亡外 ,均救治成功。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　 36 4例均为男性 ;年龄 18～ 33岁。致伤原因 :炸伤 (地雷、炮弹 ) 2 0 6例 ,枪伤 14 7例 ,复合伤 (炸伤 +枪伤或烧伤 ) 11例。受伤部位 :头颈部5 4例 ,胸、背、腹部 6 2例 ,四肢 87例 ;多处伤 16 1例 ,其中重伤 133例 ,休克 5 1例 (入院时收缩压 12ｋＰａ以下 )。1 2　麻醉方法　主要根据伤情和受伤部…     

腹部钝性伤118例诊治体会

回顾性分析我院118例腹部钝性伤的资料.手术治疗112例,非手术治疗6例.治愈111例,死亡7例,治愈率94.8%.重视伤后症状和体征,充分掌握腹腔穿刺的诊断方法,努力提高早期诊断率; 开通绿色通道,全力抢救,是基层医院提高救治成功率的关键.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.