喉近全切除术治疗晚期唯癌,下咽癌疗效分析

目的：探讨晚期喉癌、下咽癌保留喉功能的方法，降低全喉切除率。方法：对喉癌Ｔ３、Ｔ４病变和下咽癌Ｔ３病变行喉近全切除术１５例。其中喉癌１３例，梨状窝癌２例。年龄４１￣７６岁，平均５６．３岁。临床分期：Ⅲ期９例，Ⅳ期６例。结果：除１例不能发音外，其余１４例（９３．３％）获得了较好的发音和无呛咳吞咽功能。２年生存率７５．０％（９／１２）。结论：该方法在保存发声功能，降低全喉切除率方面有积极作用。     

老年Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期喉癌患者的手术治疗与喉功能重建

目的探讨老年晚期喉癌患者的手术治疗方法与喉功能重建及其疗效。方法回顾性分析87例65岁以上老年晚期喉癌患者行手术治疗的临床资料,其中声门上癌48例,声门癌35例,声门下癌4例。按2002年UICC标准,Ⅲ期患者44例,Ⅳ期43例。全部患者均无远隔转移。行喉大部分切除术36例,喉次全切除术21例,喉全切除术30例。用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果全部患者3年生存率为73．2％,5年生存率为67．4％。术中无死亡。喉部分切除占全部手术患者的65．5％（57／87）。喉部分切除术拔管率80．7％。全部患者均恢复经口进食,喉部分切除患者均恢复了发音功能。结论对老年晚期喉癌患者行手术治疗是安全、有效的,老年晚期患者保留喉功能是可行的,关键是严格掌握手术适应证,提高外科手术技巧,减少术后并发症。     

会厌癌声门上喉部分切除术(附40例报告)

目的会厌癌局限于会厌或侵及杓会厌襞者，可采用声门上喉部分切除术治疗。手术中切除甲状软骨上１／３、会厌、会厌前间隙、室带的前部，如切除一侧杓状软骨，也可基本上恢复喉的全部功能。方法采用声门上喉切除术治疗４０例会厌癌患者，并进行了病例整理与随访。根据ＵＩＣＣ１９８７年标准，Ｔ１１７例，Ｔ２１７例，Ｔ４６例。结果１２例行单侧颈淋巴结清除术，１例行双侧颈淋巴结清除术，术后淋巴结转移７例，占５８％。围手术期无死亡，有８例患者早期进食有轻微呛咳，所有患者均拔除套管。术后行放、化疗２９例，占７３％，３年生存率为７４％。结论选择Ｔ分级适当的患者行声门上喉切除术可获得满意的喉功能及预后     

跨声门癌生长扩展特点的组织病理学研究

目的探讨跨声门癌侵及声门旁间隙和会厌前间隙的特点及相关因素。方法对５０例跨声门癌全喉切除标本的连续切片进行观察分析。结果声门旁间隙的受累率为７８．０％（３９／５０）,其中以超出该间隙受累较多,为８２．１％（３２／３９）。超出声门旁间隙的病例累及周围组织的频度为：弹力圆锥８１．３％（２６／３２）,甲状软骨７５．０％（２４／３２）,环甲膜６２．５％（２０／３２）。会厌前间隙的受累率为４６．０％（２３／５０）。随着肿瘤Ｔ分级的增高、肿瘤的增大,声门旁间隙及会厌前间隙的受累率增加。结论跨声门癌中,声门旁间隙易受累,并易突破该间隙。肿瘤可以通过声门旁间隙向前上或由前联合向上破坏会厌软骨根部两条途径侵入会厌前间隙。Ｔ３、Ｔ４级肿瘤、大小超过２０ｍｍ以上者,应慎行部分喉切除术。     

喉声门上水平切除术72例

目的：探讨喉声门上水平切除术及术后放射治疗对声门上型喉癌的疗效。方法；对１９８０－１９９２年间在我科行喉声门上水平切除术的７２例声门上型喉癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。７２例中男性３５例，女性３７例；年龄４２－７６岁，平均５９．６岁，Ｔ１－Ｔ２病变６５例（占９０．３％），Ｎ０６４例（占８８．９％）。气管套管拔除率为１００５。结果；本组病例５年生存率为８４．７％，术后均恢复呼吸功能，经口进食训练后     

喉声门上水平部分切除术在声门上喉癌治疗中的应用

目的评价喉声门上水平部分切除术对声门上喉癌的治疗作用。方法回顾性分析了１０７例声门上型喉癌行水平部分切除术的治疗结果。男性６９例,女性３８例。年龄在３８～８０岁之间,平均年龄５１．４岁。手术适应证选择包括声门上Ｔ１病变、未累及声带的Ｔ２病变和累及会厌前间隙及梨状窝内壁的Ｔ３病变;舌会厌谷受累的Ｔ４病变同期切除部分舌根。结果术后气管套管拔除率９２．２％。发音满意率为９１．６％。Ｉ、ＩＩ、ＩＩ和ＩＶ期５年生存率分别为１００．０％、８３．３％、７１．７％和４１．７％。结论各期声门上型喉癌经适当选择,可采用声门上水平部分喉切除术,根治率较好而喉功能得以保留。对于颈部Ｎ０患者不应一律行颈淋巴结清除术;上颈淋巴结清除术作为诊断措施,效果肯定,可避免不必要的全颈淋巴结清除术。     

垂直喉部分切除肌皮瓣喉功能重建术

目的：评价垂直喉部分切除肌皮瓣喉功能重建术治疗声门癌的效果。方法：对３２例声门癌患者分别行垂直半喉及扩大垂直半喉切除,应用颈部带蒂肌皮瓣行喉功能重建。结果：３２例患者全部恢复吞咽及发音功能,拔管率为９３．７％,３、５年生存率分别为９６．６％和８４％,局部复发率为１２．５％。结论：垂直喉部分切除肌皮瓣喉功能重建术扩大了垂直喉部分切除的适应证,提高了术后生存质量。     

垂直喉部分切除肌皮瓣喉功能重建术

目的：评价垂直喉部分切除肌皮瓣喉功能重建术治疗声门癌效果。方法：对３２例声门癌患分别行垂直半喉及扩大垂直半喉切除,应用颈部带蒂肌皮瓣行喉功能重建。结果：３２例患全部恢复吞咽及发音功能,拨管率为９３．７％,３年和５年生存率分别为９６．６％和８４％,局部复发率为１２．５％。结论：垂直喉部分切除肌皮瓣喉功能重建术扩大了垂直喉部分切除的适应证,提高了术后生存质量。     

声门型喉癌喉部分切除术98例疗效分析

目的 探讨声门型喉癌不同类型喉部分切除术的治疗效果,方法 回顾性分析98例声门型喉癌喉部分切除术的临床资料,总结不同类型喉部分切除术后喉功能恢复情况。结果 98例患者的总拔管率为94．9％,全部患者均获得不同程度的发音功能,发音中等及良好者83例,占84．7％。出现误咽15例,经吞咽训练均恢复正常进食,4例术后1～2年颈部淋巴结转移．2例会厌喉成形术者喉腔局部复发。术后3年和5年生存率分别为86．5％、81．7％。结论 声门型喉癌喉部分切除术在彻底切除肿瘤的同时尽可能地保全了患者的喉功能,提高了患者的生存质量,3年和5年生存率不低于喉全切除术。     

声门上喉癌的手术治疗(附182例报告)

目的 探讨声门上喉癌手术治疗的方法及其疗效。方法 对182例声门上喉癌患者进行手术治疗。按1997年UICC修订案分期,I期11例,Ⅱ期45例,Ⅲ期49例,Ⅳ期77例。根据病变情况不同,采用相应的切除及修复方式。结果 全组喉部分切除术占78．6％（143／182）;Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者中,喉部分切除术占69．8％（88／126）。喉部分切除术拔管率为81．8％（117／143）。全组患者3,5年生存率分别为82．9％和67．3％,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉部分切除术患者的3,5年生存率分别为76．9％和57．4％,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期全喉切除术患者的3,5年生存率分别为82．5％和67．0％。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉部分切除术与全喉切除术患者的生存率差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论 晚期声门上喉癌保留喉功能是可行的。熟练掌握多各修复方法,择优采用,可提高喉功能的保留率。     

Long Term Oncological Results of Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Early and Moderately Advanced Glottic Carcinoma in Primary and Salvage Settings

The aim of the study is to document the long term oncological results of trans-oral laser microsurgery (TLM) for early and moderately advanced glottic cancer in primary and salvage settings. In this prospective cohort study 43 consecutive patients of glottic cancer (T1–30, T2–7, and selected T3 with mobile cords-6) were recruited. TLM was performed in these 35 primary and 8 previously treated cases. In our series, the local disease control rate with TLM was 90% (27/30) for T1 disease, 71.4% (5/7) for T2 cancer and 66.6% (4/6) for T3 lesions. The overall disease control rates after subsequent treatment for locoregional recurrences were 100% (30/30), 85.7% (6/7) and 83.3% (5/6) for T1, T2, and T3 glottic cancers respectively. The 5-years disease free survival rate for primary cases was 100% and 50% for salvage cases. The 5-years local disease control rate was 96.4% and 41.67% in primary and salvage TLM settings respectively. The 5-years laryngectomy free rates were 96.3% and 18.75% for primary and salvage cases respectively. TLM offers a minimally invasive and oncologically robust treatment option for early glottic cancer with an overall disease free survival of 100% at 5 years noted for primary untreated cases in this experience. TLM for post radiation salvage cases has however been disappointing and alternate larynx preserving option of open partial laryngectomy needs to be considered in this setting.     

Comparing treatment outcomes of radiotherapy and surgery in locally advanced carcinoma of the larynx: a comparison limited to patients eligible for surgery

PURPOSE: The use of radical radiotherapy and surgery for salvage (RRSS) in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx is controversial. In the absence of randomized studies, it is unclear if RRSS can match the rates of locoregional control and survival reported for primary surgery in this setting. The aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of radiotherapy and surgery in comparable patients with CS III-IV SCC of the larynx. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty-two patients with untreated T2N+M0 or T3T4NM0 SCC of the larynx were treated with a policy RRSS at the Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre between June 1980 and December 1990. The medical records at presentation were reviewed independently by a panel of three surgical oncologists blinded as to treatment outcome to determine patient suitability for laryngectomy and neck dissection using eligibility criteria adopted by recent clinical trials. Treatment outcomes for surgery-eligible patients were compared to results of comparably staged patients in the surgical literature since 1980. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients (77%) were eligible for study. With a median follow-up of 3 years, radiotherapy controlled the primary in 8/20 evaluable glottic primaries and 21/41 evaluable supraglottic primaries. Forty-five percent of patients surviving 5 years retained a functional larynx. Sixteen of 29 relapsing patients were salvaged with surgery. Disease above the clavicles was controlled in 65% of T3T4N0N+ glottic primaries (compared to a published range of 53% to 79%) and 82% of T3N0 glottic primaries (compared to a published range of 69% to 84%). The 5-year overall survival of patients with T3T4 glottic cancer was 54% compared to a published range of 50% to 63%. The cause-specific survival (CSS) of patients with T3N0 glottic primaries (86% at 1 year and 73% at 2 years) was identical to the only published report of CSS in the surgical literature. CONCLUSION: A policy of RRSS offers a good chance of laryngeal conservation without compromising ultimate locoregional control or survival when compared to primary laryngectomy and neck dissection in patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the larynx meeting the surgical eligibility of clinical trials.     

喉鳞癌全喉与喉部分切除术的远期疗效分析

目的　回顾分析声门上型及声门型喉鳞癌患者经全喉及喉部分切除治疗后的远期效果 ,提出今后治疗措施。方法　 42 3例喉癌患者中 ,声门上型 32 7例 ,声门型 96例。 2 43例全喉切除患者中 ,声门上型喉癌 2 10例 ,声门型 33例。喉部分切除的 180例中 ,声门上型 117例 ,声门型 6 3例。依照直接法计算出声门上型和声门型喉癌的全喉切除与喉部分切除的 1,3,5年生存率 ,以及各期病例的 3,5年生存率。结果　 32 7例声门上型喉癌术后 5年生存率为 72 9% ,全喉与喉部分切除的 5年生存率分别为 70 1%和 77 4% (P >0 0 5 )。 96例声门型喉癌术后 5年生存率为 86 0 % ,其中全喉与喉部分切除后的 5年生存率分别为 72 2 %和 92 3% (P <0 0 5 )。结论　喉癌治疗仍以手术为主 ,声门上型喉癌的喉部分切除与全喉切除远期疗效大致相等 ,而声门型喉癌的喉部分切除远期疗效明显高于全喉切除。在适应证选择合适的基础上 ,应大力倡导开展有利于患者生存质量的喉部分切除手术。     

Glottic laryngeal carcinoma with fixed vocal cord treated with full-dose radiation, total laryngectomy or combined treatment

The results of the therapy of 46 patients with glottic squamous cell cancer with a fixed vocal cord and without regional lymph nodes (glottic T3N0) are reported. Primary surgery (total laryngectomy) in combination with preoperative irradiation gave significantly higher loco-regional control rate and survival rate than surgery alone. Primary radiotherapy with doses of 70 Gy or more and adequate follow-up was found to be an alternative to preoperative radiation and laryngectomy. The result of different treatment modalities speaks in favour of primary irradiation allowing preservation of the larynx and a good voice function. In case of recurrence salvage surgery with total laryngectomy is preferred.     

T3期声门型喉癌的外科治疗选择

目的 探讨T3期声门型喉癌合适的外科治疗方式.方法 回顾性分析57例T3期声门型喉癌患者的临床病理特征、手术方式和预后,分析不同手术方式和不同年龄组患者的3年无瘤生存率.结果 57例T3期声门型喉癌患者全部行喉部手术治疗,失访7例,总的3年无瘤生存率为63.2％(36/57).采用喉全切除术24例,喉近全切除术8例,喉部分切除术25例,3年无瘤生存率分别为66.7％ (16/24)、50.0％ (4/8)和64.0％ (16/25),差异无统计学意义(P =0.694).≥70岁者和＜70岁者的3年无瘤生存率分别为70.0％ (7/10)和61.7％( 29/47),差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.621).36例患者行颈淋巴结清扫术,其中全颈淋巴结清扫2例,改良颈淋巴结清扫6例,分区性颈淋巴结清扫28例,颈部淋巴结转移率为17.5％(10/57).局部复发10例,其中喉部分切除术后7例,喉近全切除术后2例,喉全切除术后1例.结论 喉全切除术与不同的喉部分切除术均是T3期声门型喉癌的重要手术方式,应根据患者局部病变与全身状况的具体情况综合考虑,选择合适的个体化手术方式.≥70岁的T3期声门型喉癌患者,应慎行喉部分切除术,喉全切除术也可以取得满意疗效.     

Treatment of laryngeal cancer

From 1958 to 1984, 2000 patients with cancer of the larynx were treated in our clinic. Irradiation therapy of full dose was the treatment of first choice for T1 cancers. Partial laryngectomy was indicated for T2 cancers. For T3 and T4 cancers, total laryngectomy followed by the voice therapy of esophageal speech was performed. 10-year relative survival rate in total 2000 cases of laryngeal cancer was 74%.     

Comparative Study Between Double Layered Repair of Pharyngeal Mucosa Against Routine Single Layered Repair in Cases of “Total Laryngectomy with Partial Pharyngectomy” in Respect To Formation of Pharyngo-cutaneous Fistula

Advanced glottic cancer (T3,N+ & T4) is usually treated in the majority of centres by total laryngectomy. Carcinoma of the larynx is one of the very few subsets of all cancers which have shown a decrease in the 5 year survival rate and this phenomenon has been attributed to a Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula is the most common complication after total laryngectomy. Comparative study between double layered repair of pharyngeal mucosa against routine single layered repair in cases of “total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy”. All patients with the principal procedure of “total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy” in department of otorhinolaryngology and head-neck surgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India were included in this study. Out of the 20 patients who had undergone total laryngectomy irrespective of the type of mucosal repair, 5 (25 %) patients developed pharyngocutaneous fistula. Out of the 8 patients, with double layered mucosa repair, 1 (12.5 %) patient developed pharyngocutaneous fistula. Out of the 12 patients, with single layered mucosa repair, 4 (33 %) patients developed pharyngocutaneous fistula. Double layered repair of pharyngeal mucosa is associated with a lower incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula formation and no increased incidence of dysphagia after complete radiotherapy as compared to single layered repair.     

Randomized study of local control and survival following radical surgery or radiation therapy in oral and laryngeal carcinomas.

From 1971 to 1975, 100 patients with glottic, supraglottic, and oral cavity lesions were prospectively randomized between primary radiation treatment and primary surgery. Local control and survival were similar with either treatment for lesions of the oral cavity or supraglottic larynx. Comparison between radiation alone and surgery alone for T1 and T2 glottic laryngeal lesions showed local control rates of 76% and 100% (P=0.32); after secondary salvage attempts, local control rates were 82% and 100%, respectively (P= 0.52). Neither result approached statistical significance. Successful radiation for early glottic larynx lesions resulted in superior deglutition and equivalent voice function compared to successful primary treatment with conservation laryngectomy. For oral cavity lesions, swallowing was impaired in the same percentage of radiated and operated patients, but fewer primary radiation patients had articulation difficulties. Among the patients with supraglottic larynx lesions, aspiration was not a problem with either radiation or surgery, but successful radiation perhaps maintained a slightly better voice quality.