Wingspan支架治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的疗效及随访

目的 观察Gateway-Wingspan支架系统治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性,以及防治再次脑卒中的疗效.方法 应用Gateway-Wingspan支架系统治疗药物治疗无效的症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者36例(38处),其中择期手术32例,急诊手术4例.38处狭窄中22处位于后循环,16处位于前循环.结果 术前平均狭窄程度...     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的：探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的可行性及疗效。材料和方法：对27例症状性颅内动脉狭窄行血管内支架成形术,其中颈内动脉颅内段狭窄8例、大脑中动脉狭窄11例、基底动脉狭窄1例和椎动脉颅内段狭窄7处。结果：27例中,支架成形术成功26例(96．3%),狭窄程度从术前76．3±10．1%降至术后8．2±6．9%。其中1例因颈内动脉虹吸段过度迂曲导致支架植入失败,2例术后24h内发生颅内出血,1例术后发生支架内血栓再形成,无手术死亡。22例随访0．5～1a(平均7．5个月),无缺血性脑卒中发生。结论：血管内支架成形术是治疗颅内动脉狭窄的有效方法,具有较高的成功率及一定的安全性,但长期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性弓上颅外动脉狭窄9例

 目的 探讨血管内支架成形术治疗症状性弓上颅外动脉狭窄的临床效果和安全性.方法 应用血管内支架成形术治疗症状性弓上血管狭窄9例.结果 治疗狭窄动脉10支,狭窄程度均明显改善,狭窄程度由原来的(81.4±14.11)%下降至(4.9±3.73)%,无死亡病例,术后患者症状均明显改善,无围术期并发症.随访1～8个月,颈动脉超声检查治疗血管无再狭窄.结论 血管内支架成形术治疗症状性弓上颅外动脉狭窄具有安全性高、临床效果好的特点,但由于例数较少,缺乏长期随访效果,值得进一步随访研究.     

腔内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的 研究腔内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性及有效性.方法 对25例症状性颅内动脉狭窄的患者行腔内支架成形术治疗.结果 25例患者中24例成功置入26枚冠脉支架,1例因支架置入困难仅行PTA术.22例患者术后均未发生脑缺血发作,1例单纯PTA患者术后症状明显改善,1例患者术后9个月复查TCD可见内膜增生,1例基底动脉支架成形术后出现动眼神经麻痹,1例出现再灌注损伤.结论 腔内支架成形术是治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法,其长期疗效还需进一步随防研究.     

Wingspan自膨式支架在症状性大脑中动脉狭窄中的应用

目的 探讨Wingspan支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉水平段(M1段)狭窄的安全性和可行性.方法 回顾性分析32例经自膨式支架治疗的症状性大脑中动脉缺血反复发作、药物治疗无效的大脑中动脉狭窄患者的临床资料.本组男19例、女13例,平均年龄(49±19)岁.所有患者经过Gateway球囊预扩后,植入Wingspan自膨式支架.术后6个月对所有患者均进行电话或门诊随访,并建议所有随访患者进行经颅超声多普勒检查或血管造影检查,分析本组患者手术成功率、并发症以及临床疗效.结果 32例患者均成功植入支架,术前M1段狭窄率平均(76.5±15.4)%,支架植入后平均(19.3±9.2)%;球囊预扩引起1例颅内出血、1例M1段急性闭塞,无一例死亡.术后6个月随访无一例患者再发生缺血性神经事件;19例患者在术后6个月行经颅超声多普勒检查,结果显示血流速度正常;5例行血管造影.均显示支架段开通良好,8例患者拒绝影像检查.结论 采用自膨式支架对有症状的M1段狭窄进行成形术可行、安全,近期随访证实疗效确切,但长期疗效还需要进一步观察.     

血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄

目的:探讨颅内动脉狭窄血管内球囊支架成形术的可行性、安全性及其疗效。方法:17例患者术前3天给予阿司匹林300mg/天和噻氯吡啶250mg/天,6F(Envoy)导引导管放置到颈内动脉远段或椎动脉近颅底段,造影获得工作位,评价血管狭窄程度:狭窄率=(1-狭窄处管径/狭窄远端管径)×100%,微导丝在路途导引下通过颅内动脉狭窄段,向远端直至P2或M2段,确保足够的支撑力。选择支架大小的依据为狭窄远端正常血管的直径,导丝引导下支架通过狭窄部位,造影确定支架位置正确,充盈球囊至5～6大气压,支架释放后造影确认展开良好,回撤球囊,无并发症,操作完毕。随访3～10月。结果:17例患者颅内动脉狭窄处植入支架,技术成功100%,造影显示狭窄由术前(78.3±12.9)%降至术后(6.8±7.3)%,狭窄的动脉管径恢复,短期随访(3～10个月)显示很好临床效果。术中出现一例蛛网膜下腔少量出血(SAH),对症治疗痊愈。6例随访造影未见血管再狭窄。结论:颅内动脉狭窄支架植入增加血管内径,改善血流量,减轻临床症状,是一种安全、可行有效的治疗方法。     

颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术后支架内急性血栓形成相关研究

目的 探讨颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术后支架内急性血栓形成的可能原因及干预措施.方法 回顾性分析102例接受Wingspan支架成形术治疗的症状性动脉粥样硬化性颅内动脉狭窄患者中5例(4.9％)发生支架内急性血栓形成患者的临床资料.结果 支架植入术后5 min～6 h,5例患者脑血管造影证实支架内急性血栓形成,给予动脉内溶栓治疗后均获再通,无溶栓相关致残致死情况发生.结论 颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术后支架内急性血栓形成原因多样,积极的干预措施可减少不良后果发生.     

症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术后早期新发缺血性脑损害的临床研究

目的 分析症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术后早期发生的缺血性脑损害情况,探讨颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术的早期疗效和安全性.方法 对29例症状性颅内动脉狭窄行WingSpan支架成形术治疗的患者,在支架成形术前、术后(72 h内)行弥散磁共振成像(DWI)检查,结合患者一般临床情况、手术情况、新发缺血性脑损害等资料,以NIHSS评分评价神经系统障碍严重程度,系统评价WingSpan支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄早期的安全性和疗效.结果 支架成形术患者术前及术后即刻平均狭窄分别为(72.3±10.7)%与(29.5±13.9)%.并发症发生率为17.2%,神经系统并发症2例(6.9%).DWI检出的新发缺血性脑损害13例(44.8%),其中无症状者11例(84.6%).13例中共检出新发缺血性脑损害病灶63个,其中55个(87.3%)位于靶血管供血区域,8个(12.7%)位于非靶血管供血区域.2个(3.2%)出现在支架覆盖血管相关穿支供血区域.永久神经功能障碍的并发症率为0,无病死率.结论 DWI检查在评价颅内动脉狭窄支架成形术中的安全性具有重要参考价值.应用WingSpan支架系统治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄围手术期安全有效.术后早期有一定比率的缺血性脑损害发生,尽管大部分是无症状的,但应引起临床医师的重视.     

血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的中期随访结果

目的 总结血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的中期结果。方法 25例颅内动脉狭窄患者应用球囊膨胀型支架行腔内成形术治疗,分析影像学及中期随访结果。结果 共治疗颅内狭窄病变28处(13处为后循环狭窄,15处为前循环狭窄),支架均1次成功植入。临床随访18～39个月(平均24.3个月),无短暂性脑缺血再发作或卒中;DSA随访20例患者,4例血管再狭窄(狭窄面积在50％以上),侧支血管通畅。结论 血管内支架成形治疗颅内动脉狭窄是安全、可行的,有效预防卒中的发生。     

Wingspan stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms with symptomatic parent artery stenosis: experience in 35 patients with mid-term follow-up results

Background

There is a potential risk of aneurysm rupture after parent artery revascularization because of increased blood flow. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Wingspan stent-assisted coil embolization in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with symptomatic parent artery stenosis.

Methods

Thirty-five consecutive patients (19 men, 16 women; age range, 48–79 years; mean age, 60.4 years) harboring 35 unruptured wide-necked or fusiform intracranial aneurysms (mean size 6.8 mm; range 2.5–18 mm.) with symptomatic parent artery stenosis (mean degree 71.1%; range 50–92%) were treated with the Wingspan stent-assisted coiling. Twenty-four lesions were located in the anterior circulation and eleven in the posterior circulation. Patients were premedicated with antiplatelet therapy consisting of aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg for at least 3 days before the procedure. Following pre-dilatation and stent placement, a coiling microcatheter entered the aneurysm through the interstices of the stent, and then coiling was performed. After the procedure, clopidogrel 75 mg daily was recommended for an additional 30 days, and aspirin 100 mg was recommended throughout follow-up. For all patients, clinical follow-up was conducted by clinic visitation, or telephone interview. Angiographic follow-up with DSA was recommended at 6 months and 1 year after the procedure. Angiography follow-up (mean time 10.6 months) was obtained in 31 cases (88.6%). The technical feasibility of the procedure, procedure-related complications, angiographic results, clinical outcome and follow-up angiography were evaluated.

Results

In every case, technical success was achieved. The degree of stenosis was reduced from 71.1% to 17.4% after balloon angioplasty and stenting. Immediate angiography demonstrated complete occlusion in 25 cases (71.4%), neck remnant in 7 cases (20.0%), and incomplete occlusion in 3 cases (8.6%). Procedure-related morbidity occurred in two patients (5.7%), including thromboembolism (n = 1) and occlusion of small penetrating arteries (n = 1). At follow-up (mean time 18.3 months), two additional cases of ischemic stroke occurred. The overall frequency of any stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or death within 30 days or ipsilateral stroke beyond 30 days was 11.4%. No rehemorrhage of treated aneurysm occurred. At angiographic follow-up, four cases demonstrated ≥50% in-stent restenosis (12.9%), one of which was symptomatic, and two aneurysms (6.4% of the follow-up angiograms) demonstrated recanalization.

Conclusion

We found that the Wingspan stent-assisted coil embolization was helpful in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with parent artery stenosis.     

Treatment of symptomatic high-grade intracranial stenoses with the balloon-expandable Pharos stent: initial experience

INTRODUCTION: We report our first clinical experience with a CE-marked flexible monorail balloon-expandable stent for treatment of high-grade intracranial stenoses. METHODS: Between April 2006 and November 2007 21 patients with symptomatic intracranial stenoses (>70%) were treated with the PHAROS stent. In seven patients, the procedure was performed during acute stroke intervention. Procedural success, clinical complication rates and mid-term follow-up data were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 7.3 months one additional patient died of an unknown cause 3 months after the intervention. A patient with a significant residual stenosis presented with a new stroke after further progression of the residual stenosis. None of the successfully treated patients experienced ipsilateral stroke. CONCLUSION: Recanalization of intracranial stenoses with the balloon-expandable Pharos stent is technically feasible. The periprocedural complication rate and mid-term follow-up results were in the range of previously reported case series. This pilot study was limited by the small sample size and severe morbidity of the included patients. Final evaluation of the efficacy of Pharos stent treatment demands further investigation.     

颅内动脉硬化狭窄Wingspan支架成形穿支卒中的临床研究

目的 分析颅内动脉硬化狭窄Wingspan支架成形治疗穿支卒中(perforator stroke,PS)的发生概率、临床特点、高危因素及防治策略.方法 根据研究的入选标准:(1)年龄＞18岁;(2)180 d内发生过颅内靶动脉狭窄相关的临床缺血事件,包括短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、卒中和后循环供血不足;(3)TIA事件后＞24h或小卒中[美国国立卫生研究院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)＜9分]后时间＞1周,或大卒中(NIHSS≥9分)后时间＞6周;(4) DSA显示病变血管狭窄率为70％～ 99％.排除标准:非动脉粥样硬化性狭窄及不能耐受手术者.本组258例症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄患者入选,并行Gateway球囊-Wingspan支架成形治疗,记录围手术期临床和影像表现.患者中男175例、女83例,年龄26～80岁,平均(58±7)岁.以NIHSS≥1分,并排除主干及边支血管闭塞、颅内出血等原因作为PS诊断标准,统计不同部位病变PS的发生率,采用x2检验对比分析基底动脉和大脑中动脉M1段的PS的发生率,总结其高危因素及防治策略.结果 本组258例患者255例成功实施支架成形,围手术期PS发生率2.7％ (7/255),其中病变累及基底动脉的66例患者中4例发生PS(发生率6.1％),118例大脑中动脉狭窄患者中3例发生PS(发生率2.5％),两者相比差异有统计学意义(x2=2.320,P=0.025).7例围手术期发生PS的病例中,3例患者术前MRI示狭窄局部穿支卒中(PIAS),1例大脑中动脉球囊扩张后出现动脉夹层;6例患者全身麻醉清醒后即出现PS症状,1例于术后3h出现症状;1例症状反复并进行性加重,6例即刻PS症状达到高峰.3个月后随访,3例患者遗留残疾,改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)2例1分、1例2分.结论 颅内动脉硬化支架成形术PS发生率较低、临床预后较好,术前临床、影像等提示PIAS为围手术期PS的高危因素.     

Treatment of intracranial stenoses using the Neuroform stent system: initial experience in five cases

Introduction We assessed the technical feasibility of balloon-assisted angioplasty with consecutive stenting using a flexible, self-expanding neurovascular stent for the treatment of intracranial arteriosclerotic vascular stenoses. Methods Five consecutive patients with symptomatic drug-resistant stenoses of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) or the main stem of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were treated by balloon-assisted angioplasty with consecutive stenting using the Neuroform stent system.Results Balloon dilatation of the stenoses and consecutive stent placement with complete coverage of the stenoses was feasible in all patients. One patient suffered acute thrombosis distally to the stented vessel segment which was successfully treated by fibrinolysis, and one patient suffered acute subarachnoid and parenchymal hemorrhage probably due to vessel perforation. In the other three patients, no complications occurred during or immediately after angioplasty. All patients were free of further ischemic events up to the 6-month follow-up.Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the Neuroform stent system can used successfully for the treatment of intracranial stenoses of the ICA and the main stem of the MCA. Although immediate angiographic results are promising, long-term angiographic and clinical follow-up is essential to demonstrate long-term outcome.     

Wingspan stent for symptomatic M1 stenosis of middle cerebral artery

Objective

Stent placement for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has become an alternative treatment technique; however, stent placement for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis remains a technical and clinical challenge. Our purpose was to assess the safety and feasibility of Wingspan stent for patients with symptomatic M1 stenosis, and its initial effect on prevention of ischemic events.

Methods

Fifty-three cases with recurrent symptomatic MCA stenosis resistant to medical therapy treated by self-expanding stent were reviewed retrospectively (average 58 ± 18.5 years old, 19 women). All patients underwent angioplasty and stenting with the Gateway balloon–Wingspan stent system, and advised follow-up with DSA or TCD at 6th month.

Results

Patients had an average stenosis ratio of 76.5 ± 15.4% prior to the treatment. Of the 53 patients, the technical success rate was 98.1% as a whole (52/53). The mean degree of stenosis reduced from (76.5 ± 15.4)% to (18.2 ± 11.3)%. Complications associated with the procedure include subarachnoid hemorrhage (1.89%) and occlusion (3.78%) occurred. During a follow-up of 6 months, there was no recurrence of transient ischemic attack or stroke in 52 cases with successful stenting. Cerebral hemodynamics of MCA using transcranial Doppler monitoring were at normal level (<120 cm/s) in 41 follow-up patients. The follow up angiography at 6 month post-procedure was conducted in 32 patients and showed good patency in stented vessels.

Conclusions

Wingspan stent for symptomatic stenosis of middle cerebral artery is a safe and feasible procedure. It improves clinical outcome in the intermediate follow up, but its long-term effect remains to be further evaluated.     

Intracranial angioplasty and stenting for cerebral atherosclerosis: new treatments for stroke are needed!

Introduction Intracranial atherosclerosis is a common cause of stroke.Intracranial angioplasty and stent revascularization Recent technological developments offer improved methods for endovascular revascularization of symptomatic and asymptomatic cerebral artery stenosis. Identification of appropriate patients remains a diagnostic challenge, and our knowledge about the natural history of the disease remains limited.Recommendations At this time, patients with significant intracranial stenosis should receive counseling on the benefits and risks of revascularization therapy. Ultimately, determination of which patients should undergo revascularization procedures will require carefully planned, randomized clinical trials.     

Treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses with balloon dilatation and self-expanding stent deployment (WingSpan)

The endovascular treatment of atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenoses has previously been based on balloon dilatation or the deployment of a balloon expandable stent. Both methods have advantages (balloon: flexibility; balloon expandable stent: high radial force) and drawbacks (balloon: risk of elastic recoil and dissection; balloon expandable stent: limited flexibility, risk of injury to the vessel due to excessive straightening, overexpansion at ends of stent). A new combination of balloon dilatation, followed by the deployment of a self-expanding microstent has been applied in 15 patients with atherosclerotic arterial stenoses, symptomatic despite medical treatment. An anatomically and clinically adequate result was achieved in all patients. The initial degree of stenosis was 72% (mean). Balloon dilatation resulted in an average residual stenosis of 54% (mean), reduced further to a mean of 38% after stent deployment. Arterial dissection, occlusion of the target artery or symptomatic distal emboli was not encountered. In one patient, a side branch occlusion occurred after dilatation of a M1 stenosis, with complete neurological recovery. All patients were either stable or improved 4 weeks after the treatment. Recurrent TIA did not occur in any patient. Balloon dilatation and subsequent deployment of a self-expandable stent for the treatment of symptomatic intracranial arterial stenoses combines the advantages of both techniques and allows a rapid, clinically effective and technically safe treatment of these frequently challenging lesions.