医疗收费提示系统的开发

目的开发一个方便实用的医疗收费提示系统。方法以单片机为核心构造系统接口、语音提示、显示提示等模块,实现对医疗收费信息的双重提示。结果系统在单片机8032的控制下可以通过语音芯片实现语音提示,通过LED实现显示提示。结论“医疗收费提示系统”具有语音提示和显示提示双重提示功能,方便实用,为提高收费结算效率提供了有力的支持。     

基于WT588D的高频X线机智能语音提示系统设计

目的：目前所有高频X线机都不具备语音提示功能,给机器使用和维修造成了一定不便。为了提高其人机交互水平,本文提出为高频X线机增加智能语音提示功能。方法：在不改变原高频X线机电路的基础上,利用其上位机CPU电路的空闲资源进行语音系统的扩展。本方案主要通过单片机的P1-P3引脚以三线串口方式完成对语音芯片WT588D命令控制;利用25PXX FLASH存储器进行语音数据的存储;通过LM368组成音频放大电路完成语音的播放。结果：该方案设计简单、语音音质好,不但能以形象直观的方式完成高频机现有故障的语音提示,而且可以根据需要扩展更多的语音提示内容。结论：本方案不仅适用于高频X线机,对于其他种类的X线机以及医疗器械也具有重要的参考价值。     

一种新的检测磁共振设备主磁场均匀性的设计

目的：为了弥补传统检测方法在检测效果上的缺陷，实现连续地从磁场平面获得其均匀度的数据。方法：设计了一个运动探测器来进行磁场的均匀性检测，将摄取的信号经过转换和数据处理，最后通过计算机仿真对基于有限测量点的传统方法进行了比较。结果：传统检测法的结果与检测时的采样方式（采点数和采点位置）密切相关。在仿真环境中同样的磁场在不同的检测方式下很大可能会得到多个不同的且不具有近似性的结果，特别是在不均匀性不规则分布的磁场中：而本设计只得到唯一的检测结果，并且可以看到检测视野内采点数越多其检测结果将越逼近本设计的结果。结论：本设计能有效弥补传统检测方法充分度和精确度不足的缺陷，同时也说明磁场的均匀性检测应该从连续平面获取数据。     

基于血氧模块的血氧测试实验系统设计

目的为帮助医疗仪器专业本科生掌握血氧饱和度（oxygen saturation,SpO2）检测设备的工作原理和结构,熟悉医疗仪器的设计步骤,在实验中能够实时获取血氧原始数据并且直观显示曲线和实测值,本文设计了一种血氧测试实验系统。方法该系统应用VC＋＋6．0 ActiveX,利用控件MSComm与血氧模块进行通信;软件界面控件能快捷控制下层血氧模块启动、数据采集、数据上传、参数转换和停机。结果本系统操作方便快捷,能实时采集原始数据并以EXCEL和文本格式存储,显示直观,既可做血氧检查,也可为研究者提供原始血氧数据。经过对照,本系统测试结果和其他血氧检测设备结果一致。结论该系统具有可编程性、开放性及功能扩展性,可供医疗仪器专业学生实验和课外科研使用。     

背部腧穴穴位定位仪器的设计

目的：针对当前电子医疗设备领域缺乏自动化程度高的中医穴位定位辅助仪器的状况,设计了一种背部腧穴穴位定位的电子仪器。方法：仪器整体由四部分组成：搭载Android系统的智能移动终端、蓝牙通信模块、以ARIVl为核心的控制系统及二维机械运动平台。其中,搭载Android系统的智能移动终端负责接收用户在应用界面的操作指令、蓝牙通信模块负责用户指令的无线传输、以ARM为核心的控制系统根据用户指令控制二维机械运动平台精准的运动,从而达到穴位定位的效果。结果：Android操作系统下编写的用户界面美观流畅,用户体验良好。主控制系统性能稳定,能处理各种复杂的穴位定位指令。经过测试,在室内环境下蓝牙通信模块正常工作的有效距离为7m,能满足仪器的实际应用需求。结论：仪器的整体设计遵循高内聚低耦合的设计原则,使得系统具有很好的维护性和扩展性。本仪器能够辅助中医医师实现对背部穴位的定位。提高医师在治疗过程中的工作效率。同时,为中医穴位相关的医疗保健器械提供可靠的解决方案,有利于传统的针灸穴位疗法推广。     

抢救危重病人的心血管循环反馈治疗仪及动物实验

目的：国内外医疗仪器的发展正朝着自动化、智能化、模块化方向发展，但主要集中于诊断方面，用于治疗仪器极少，本仪器目的是为危重病人的抢救。材料与方法：本仪器是综合临床成功经验设计研制，程序结合实验中数学模型汇编，通过在线闭环自动检测，直接、快速、连续、高密度地采集血压，肺毛细血管契压（PCW）、心率等重要生理参数，经压力传感器、A／D转换卡实时连续地输入计算机，通过用户界面人机对话，由医生选择药物，经数学模型及程序的运算，D／A转换器输出指令经输液器控制给药量，药物在机体反应及时、迅速地反馈回计算机，计算机不断更新计算结果，以此调节给药速率及剂最。此外该系统还有监控、报警、故障自诊断、智能化运行等特点。结果：通过八只犬的实验表明。计算机取样及时、准确、快速。给药结果证明能按照预期设计要求达到治疗目的。结论：传统的临床治疗方法从收集病人数据到决定准确的给药节反馈过程太长，还有不少人为及计算的干扰和误差，因此抢救成功率极低。该系统从获取血压变化到多次反馈调整给药整个周期短、计算准确，疗效可靠。是一个很有发展前景的抢救危重病人的仪器，目前该仪器仍待进入临床评价。     

基于ADuC845的多功能便携式医疗监护系统的设计

本文设计一个适用于家庭应用的多功能便携式医疗监护系统.该系统通过嵌入式采集端与PC存储端的协作,实现了对人体体温、血压、心率等重要生理参数的采集和存储.同时系统采集端还具有显示及报警功能.多功能便携式医疗监护系统为医疗监护仪器的微型化和家用化提供了便捷的解决方案,可以方便将病人更多有用的生理信息提供给医生,帮助医生诊断和治疗.     

基于ARM7的多功能离子导入治疗仪的设计

目的：设计一种频率可调的新型多功能离子导入治疗仪,使之能够克服目前国内大部分离子导入仪输出频率单一,或者仅仅局限于某一频段的缺点,可实现不同种类药物离子的导入,最大限度地发挥药物的疗效。方法：采用以ARM7为内核的LPC2138作为主控芯片,使用基于DDS技术的AD9834作为波形信号产生芯片,经过功率放大器LF347放大后,系统可实现独立调节的四通道输出。使用LCD TFT真彩屏作为显示器件,API8108A作为语音芯片,具有动态显示和语音同步告知等功能。结果：系统输出波形表明,该系统实现了多种频率和多种波形输出,且输出幅值和频率可调,并且通过选择治疗模式可以实现电离子导入疗法和干扰电疗法两种治疗功能。结论：整个系统具有电路结构简单、成本低、安全可靠、性能稳定和精度高等优点。且人机交互能力强,操作简单,并且特别设计了电极脱落检测电路,可在系统整个工作的过程中自动检测电极是否与人体可靠接触,如果检测到电极脱落则自动语音提示用户进行检查,能够及时有效的保护患者的安全。     

心血管循环系统的建模仿真

信息技术的发展、数字仿真技术的采用为生理系统的研究提供了新方法,弥补了传统方法的不足.心血管系统是人体生理系统的核心系统,建立其数学模型,模拟其血液循环,对研究心脏疾病的成因和治疗很有指导意义,为心脏病医疗设备的设计提供辅助工具.该文概述了生理系统建模的一般过程,探讨了建立心血管系统模型的前提和方法.以Harvard-MIT(哈佛-麻省理工)建立的心血管仿真模型--RCVSIM模型为例,阐述了模型建立的思路过程.     

基于程序生成技术的医疗仪器通信协议转换研究

医疗仪器的信息集成已经成为医疗信息化的重要组成部分。为了解决非影像类医疗仪器信息接口不统一、数据信息集成困难等问题,本研究设计并实现了基于程序生成技术的医疗仪器通信协议转换技术,根据用户的配置,通过程序生成技术生成与特定设备相匹配的协议转换程序,将设备私有数据帧格式转换到标准的HL7 ORU^R01消息,具有良好的通用性。本研究为医疗仪器提供统一的HL7标准接口,使其能与医疗信息系统实现无缝对接,降低医学信息集成的难度,具有良好的应用前景。     

光电信号转换电路分析与设计

目的在当前的医疗仪器硬件设计中，实现光电信号转换。方法以光电二极管作为光电信号转换元件，根据设计要求选择合适的运放。结果以光电信号转换电路为例，对电路各性能指标进行分析，结果证实该转换电路达到设计要求。结论以光电二极管作为光电信号转换元件，根据电路设计要求选择运放，其电路各项性能指标可满足医疗仪器的工作要求，这种光电信号转换的分析和设计方法将可广泛应用于医疗仪器硬件设计中。     

医疗器械人机界面设计的意象尺度研究

在人机界面设计方法的基础之上,针对医疗器械双重人机界面的特点,提出了面向医疗器械人机界面设计的意象尺度评价研究方法,同时结合医疗器械的人机界面设计进行了科学研究,得到医疗器械的人机界面意象尺度分布图,找到了人们对医疗器械的认知模式,验证了上述理论方法.     

智能手术刀执刀训练教学模型设计与实验

目的 有效提升手术刀执刀训练实验教学效果和降低实验环境要求，改变现有实验教学手段单一的局面。 方法 提出了一种智能手术刀执刀训练教学指导模型的设计方法，并进行了2版的修正设计和实验。 结果 所设计的教学指导模型不但能模拟解剖工作场景，还具有手术刀执刀手法及动作的智能识别功能，可以感知握刀的手型、倾角、用力大小、入刀和出刀动作、行刀方向、速度、距离等。通过运用4种执刀法的训练预案，可实现手术刀执刀训练，交互式语音指导和训练成果评价的整个实验教学指导过程。 结论 教学指导模型可有效提升执刀训练教学的效果和效率，是一种值得推广的医学实验教具和训练设备。     

A review of voice and upper airway function in chronic cough and paradoxical vocal cord movement

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Chronic cough and paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM) are perplexing conditions. This paper reviews the recent literature in relation to the nature of PVFM and chronic cough and the management of symptoms associated with these disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: There are similarities in the voice and upper airway symptoms in chronic cough and PVFM. Clinically significant voice symptoms are present in approximately 40% of individuals with chronic cough and PVFM and are similar to those occurring in voice disorders such as muscle tension dysphonia. Chronic cough can be associated with PVFM in a large proportion of cases. Extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness is a common underlying mechanism in PVFM and chronic cough. Speech pathology intervention can be effective in controlling symptoms in chronic cough, which suggests that the anatomic diagnostic protocol could be expanded to incorporate this intervention. Chronic cough that fails to respond to medical management should be conceptualized as either due to PVFM or idiopathic. PVFM and chronic cough are not necessarily the result of underlying psychopathology. SUMMARY: Chronic cough and PVFM manifest in a range of clinically significant voice and upper airway symptoms. The anatomic diagnostic protocol used in the management of chronic cough could be expanded to include PVFM as a potential cause of cough, and speech pathology intervention as treatment for chronic cough.     

Transferability of neural network-based decision support algorithms for early assessment of chest-pain patients

The present investigation concerns methodological and epidemiological aspects of the transferability of artificial neural network-based algorithms, as key-components for classification in decision support systems (DSS). The prevalence of pathological conditions to be detected must be known in order to tune an artificial neural networks (ANN)-decision algorithm so that the predictive values of the outcome fulfil medical requirements. Another aspect of transferability, when clinical laboratory results are used, concerns differences in analytical performance of measuring instruments. The relative bias between two instruments is not known exactly, but must be estimated and corrected for. A general method, based on original measured data sets and statistical modeling, was developed for simulating the impact of various correction procedures when using different analytical instruments. The simulation methodology was applied to a real clinical problem of ruling-in/ruling-out of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by biochemical monitoring. The recommended correction procedure was based on method comparison with use of five duplicate measurements on a common set of patient samples covering the relevant measuring interval. Transferability of laboratory data over time was also studied. The design of quality assurance procedures should be based on analytical quality requirement specifications related to medical needs. Limits of critically sized systematic errors were assessed by calculating the decrease in diagnostic performance of the ANN-algorithm as a result of temporary analytical disturbances. The consequences for the design of QA procedures was illustrated. It is concluded that the actual ANN-decision algorithm for early assessment of chest-pain patients should be possible to transfer to new sites under realistic conditions.     

Can participation in a health affairs interdisciplinary case conference improve medical students' knowledge and attitudes?

PURPOSE: To explore whether participation in a three-hour health affairs interdisciplinary case conference (HAICC) changed medical students' knowledge and attitudes about the role of interdisciplinary teams in health care. METHOD: Faculty from ten University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill health professions' schools helped to design the HAICC. Conference goals included improving students' knowledge and attitudes about the skills of various health professions and the benefits of interdisciplinary care. From 2001-04, 2,005 health professions students, including 615 second-year medical students, participated in the HAICC. Working in teams, students, using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Function and Disability, interviewed a standardized patient and, then, developed a patient-centered management plan. A self-report instrument to assess medical students' knowledge about each of the ten health professions and to assess students' attitudes about working with other health professionals was administered before and after the conference. Repeated measures were used to assess whether medical students' knowledge and attitudes about interdisciplinary teams changed as a result of participating in HAICC. RESULTS: A total of 605 medical students (98.5%) completed both instruments. Following participation in the HAICC, there were significant increases in students' knowledge about the training and skills of all ten professions, the advantages of working in an interdisciplinary team, and the importance of care provided by these professions. In general, there were significant improvements in students' attitudes toward the value of interdisciplinary team work and leadership by all health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a three-hour HAICC resulted in medical students' increased knowledge about and attitudes toward the role of interdisciplinary teams in health care.     

Automatic stimulus breaker for electric dental pulp tester using pain response

The pulp test provides a means of examining the vitality of dental pulp using physical or chemical stimulation. During electrical pulp testing, an electrical current stimulates the intradental nerve, which may be painful and stressful to patients. The study involved measurement of the electromyogram (EMG) from the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, finger movement and voice response during electrical pulp testing. The excessive stimulus time from the onset time of response (EMG, voice and finger movement) to the end of the stimulation was obtained. The results indicated that the responses occurred in the order: EMG, finger and voice. Based on these results, an automatic stimulus shut-off circuit was developed using the above-mentioned responses to stimulus during electric pulp testing. Excessive stimulus time was reduced by prompt switching-off of the pulp tester output, 64 ms on average after the first detected response (EMG). Consequently, excessive stimulus times were reduced by 284 and 152 ms on average for the subject and examiner disconnection, respectively, using the developed automatic shut-off circuit. Therefore it was possible to minimise pain and stress by reducing excessive pulp stimulation.     

基于健康信息交换第七层协议的心电图仪信息化研究*

背景：医疗仪器种类繁多且数据结构各异,缺乏统一的交互标准,严重阻碍了医疗仪器的信息化共享。 目的：以心电图仪为研究对象,应用健康信息交换第七层协议(Health Level Seven,HL7)信息化标准实现其信息化交互,探讨基于HL7的医疗仪器信息化交互的可行性和优越性。 方法：分析比较现有的数据交换标准,以HL7注释心电图作为心电图仪的交互标准,以消息引擎方式在WINCE嵌入式平台下采用.Net和可扩展标记语言关键技术实现心电图仪的标准心电数据交换协议消息解释和HL7信息化编码,并验证其有效性。 结果与结论：对信息化编码后的数据成功通过HL7结构的有效性验证,心电图数据能解析并正确显示。研究结果验证了心电图仪HL7信息化的可行性,且实现方法具有较好的可扩展性和通用性。关键词：健康信息交换第七层协议;信息化;心电图;标准心电数据交换协议;健康信息交换第七层协议注释心电图 缩略语注释：HL7：Health Level Seven,健康信息交换第七层协议;SCP-ECG：Standard Communication Protocol for Computer-assisted Electrocardiography,标准心电数据交换协议;HL7aECG：HL7 annotated ECG,HL7注释心电图; XML：eXtensible Markup Language,可扩展标记语言 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.17.033