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1.
| 1. | Following splenectomy the STH content of the hypophysis of rats docs not change. |
| 2. | The administration of PFSE to splenectomized rats does not exert an effect on the concentration of this hormone. |
| 3. | The content of somatotropic hormone in the hypophysis of intact rats decreases after the administration of PFSE, while splenin does not exert an influence on its concentration. |
2.
Theoretical substantiation and practical experience of vibromechanical dilatation of a tubular organ
S. A. Regirer N. A. Chigogidze L. B. Vanina K. G. Vasil'ev S. S. Mikhailov 《Biomedical engineering》1998,32(1):29-34
Conclusions
Bakulev Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. Institute of Mechanics, Moscow
State University. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 27–32, January–February, 1998. 相似文献
| 1. | Force applied to the tubular organ walls in the place of contact with the flexible rotating shaft of the dilatation catheter is normal to the wall surface and does not exceed physiological value (except for very stiff walls). |
| 2. | Power consumption measurement allows estimation of only tangential forces. |
| 3. | Vibromechanical dilatation is a promising technique for treating stenoses of tubular organs. |
3.
Conclusions
Moscow Scientific-Research Institute for Diagnosis and Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. Central Institute
of Mathematical Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 34–37,
January–February, 1998. 相似文献
| 1. | The CTDI values as calculated from the Ellis model depend only on the scheme of dose multifractionation, whereas CTDI values calculated from the LQ model depend also on the number of RT days (CTDI value decreases with the increase in RT time). |
| 2. | The CTDI values as calculated from the Ellis model exceed those calculated from the LQ model. |
4.
N. D. Goncharova L. A. Mkhitarova É. M. Gogiladze 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》1993,23(1):1-5
| 1. | The process of the restoration of the function of the hypophyseal-gonadal system in baboons subjected to the prolonged administration of an LHRF agonist was characterized by the development of three principal phases, a latent phase, a phase of hyperfunction of the gonads, and a phase of return to the initial level of functioning. |
| 2. | The duration of the phases was determined by the duration of the administration of the agonist and the individual characteristics of the functioning of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal system. |
| 3. | By contrast with the sex glands, the recovery of the gonadotropic function of the hypophysis did not undergo a stage of hyperfunction. |
| 4. | The process of restoration of the adenohypophyseal function included the development of two phases of refractoriness of the D-basophilic adenocytes to exogenous LHRF which differ in the level of their functional activity. |
| 5. | The recovery of the function of the hypophyseal-gonadal system in basal conditions preceded the recovery of the function of this system when it was activated. |
5.
D. N. Khudaverdyan A. A. Astratyan S. V. Vladimirov A. V. Svishchev 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》1993,23(2):112-114
| 1. | An increase in the functional activity of the SON of the hypothalamus and a decrease in the amount of neurosecretum in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis on the 5th day of parathyroprivic hypocalcemia attest to an intensification of discharge of neurosecretum into the blood stream. |
| 2. | The decrease in the functional activity of the neurosecretory cells of the SON with the simultaneous increase in the amount of neurosecretum in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis on the 15th and 30th days of development of parathyroprivic hypocalcemia attest to a delay in the discharge of neurosecretum. |
| 3. | Features appear on the 60th day of parathyroprivic hypocalcemia in the neurosecretory cells of the SON which point to the restoration of neurosecretion, but the amount of neurosecretum in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis is still significantly higher than in the control, i.e., the process of release of neurosecretum has not been restored. |
6.
T. V. El'tseva E. I. Adamskaya T. A. Peryshkova V. N. Babichev 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》1993,23(6):538-544
| 1. | A decrease in the level of activity of both motivational and copulatory components of sexual behavior was observed during the development of experimental diabetes following the administration of streptozotocin to rat males. |
| 2. | The concentration of LHRH in diabetic rats decreased in the ME [sic], and similar changes were recorded in both the PA and the MBH when it was determined in the synaptosomal fraction of the hypothalamus. |
| 3. | The concentration of nuclear E2 receptors was increased in the APA at the level of the hypothalamus, whereas the number of testosterone-binding sites did not differ from the values of the control group. |
| 4. | The level of LH and FSH in the blood of the rats did not change during the development of diabetes, the concentration of PRL and T decreased, and that of E2 increased. |
7.
| 1. | The intensity of the transformation of T into E2 and DHT in the hypothalamus of 21-day-old male rats is greater than in adults. |
| 2. | The aromatase inhibitor ATD intensifies the formation of DHT in the hypothalamus of sexually mature male rats. |
| 3. | The LH level of LH and T in the blood plasma increases significantly under the influence of ATD in male rats. The reaction of LH is markedly more intense in prepubertal animals as compared with sexually mature animals. |
8.
H. Albus J. A. Groot J. Siegenbeek van Heukelom 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1976,365(1):1-8
| 1. | A study has been made of the effect of serosally added sugars on the transmural potential difference and electrical resistance of the perfused goldfish intestine. |
| 2. | Addition of glucose at the serosal side resulted in a decrease of the transmural potential difference independent of the presence or absence of glucose at the mucosal side. The transepithelial resistance did not change. |
| 3. | The serosal glucose effect persisted in the presence of phlorizin at the mucosal side. |
| 4. | With the actively transported non-metabolized glucose analogue 3-oxy-methyglucose the same effects were observed as with glucose. |
| 5. | Replacement of NaCl by cholineCl, RbCl or LiCl at both sides of the intestine had a diminishing effect on the glucose evoked potentials and on the transepithelial conductance. |
| 6. | Phlorizin in concentrations lower than 10–4 M, at the serosal side did not influence neither the mucosal nor the serosal glucose effects. |
| 7. | Ouabain at the serosal side inhibited the serosal glucose effect and decreased the transepithelial conductance. |
| 8. | The results support the concept that sugar transport at the serosal side of the epithelial cell has features in common with the sodium-dependent sugar transport mechanism at the mucosal side. |
9.
L. Ya. Klepper 《Biomedical engineering》1998,32(2):64-68
Conclusions
Central Institute of Mathematical Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika,
No. 2, pp. 7–10, March–April, 1998. 相似文献
| 1. | The method of local tuning of mathematical model parameters developed in our laboratory increases the accuracy of planning of the fractionated irradiation schemes using the TDF factor. The method provides more accurate calculation of the TDF factor. |
| 2. | The software package for planning the fractionated schemes of irradiation determines the main radiological parameters of the irradiation regime as a set of interrelated values for remote (long-distance), contact (short-distance), or combined modes of RT and for regular or irregular DF schemes. |
| 3. | The software package allows a radiologist to use clinical data accumulated during his practice for tuning parameters of the mathematical model and planning of the fractionated schemes of irradiation. |
| 4. | The method of local tuning of parameters can be applied to other mathematical models of DF (LQ, etc.) as it was applied to the TDF model, because none of these models take into account functioning of normal organs and tissues adjacent to the pathological focus. The developed method of local tuning of the mathematical model parameters allows the use of accumulated experience in RT for increasing the efficiency of RT planning. The method minimizes the inadequacy of the mathematical model used. |
10.
D. R. E. Jones 《Comparative Haematology International》1993,3(4):201-213
In autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AHA) antibody(ies) are directed at ‘self’ red blood cells (RBC) and can effect their destruction.
This removal of RBC may be enhanced by the additional presence of complement on the cell membrane. The diagnosis of AHA requires
the demonstration of such antibody(ies), which are able to sensitise autologous erythrocytes in vivo. AHA has been described
in a variety of animal species but the techniques employed in the laboratory diagnosis have, generally, been extrapolated
from those used in human serology. The application of newer and more sensitive techniques to the assessment of RBC sensitisation
with antibody and complement, has improved the diagnosis of AHA. Furthermore, it is now possible to assess the significance
of the degree of RBC sensitisation and to evaluate treatment regimens.
Approaches to the assessment of RBC sensitisation are:
相似文献
| 1. | Agglutination tests |
| a) | Broad spectrum antiglobulin reagents |
| b) | Monospecific reagents — anti IgG, anti IgM and anti C3 |
| c) | Monoclonal antibodies (with subclass specificity) |
| 2. | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) |
| a) | Whole RBC |
| b) | Isolated cell membranes |
| c) | Purified antigen |
| 3. | Flow cytometry. Accurate assessment of subpopulations of RBC, with varying degrees of sensitisation. These techniques require refinement but are potentially the most sensitive. |
11.
Yu. I. Zaraiskaya E. A. Aleksandrova A. O. Lukashev N. A. Shvyrkova 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》1994,24(2):167-169
| 1. | A significant variability of individual learning curves is found in combination with the absence of significant differences between averaged active avoidance learning curves of control and streptozotocin-treated rats. |
| 2. | A group of rats consisting only of sick individuals, in which a more prolonged latent period and an increase in the rate of learning of the new skill as compared with healthy animals is distinguished among groups of animals characterized by similar learning parameters. |
| 3. | The development of diabetes mellitus exerts a varied influence on learning processes of animals; this may depend both on the individual course of the illness as well as on the specific features of the central nervous system. |
12.
Ya. Kh. Turakulov R. B. Burikhanov P. P. Patkhitdinov A. I. Myslitskaya 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》1994,24(6):462-464
| 1. | The immobilization of rats for 2 min with repetition after 3 min induces a significant increase in the secretion of thyroid hormones. |
| 2. | This increase in secretion is abolished by the administration of the α-blocker prazosin 1 h before exposure. |
| 3. | The acute stress induced by repeated immobilization increases the activity of the thyroid conversion of T4. |
13.
AECA represent a new family of autoantibodies detectable in systemic autoimmune diseases. Different findings support their
poten-tial importance both from a diagnostic and a prognostic point of view:
On the other hand, AECA do not display an absolute cell specificity, being crossreactive, at least in part, with other cell
types and lack of disease specificity. Up to now, AECA determination are still matter of research but their clinical usefulness
in autoimmune diseases could increase when simpler assays for the detection will be available. 相似文献
| 1. | AECA do not seem to be a mere epiphenomenon; |
| 2. | Are not related to a polyclonal B-cell activation; |
| 3. | React with surface endothelial antigens; |
| 4. | Correlate with disease activity; |
| 5. | In some cases behave as an indirect marker of in vivo endothelial damage; |
| 6. | Correlate with disease activity; and |
| 7. | In vitro experiments support a possible pathogenetic role in sus-taining autoimmune vasculitis. |
14.
É. P. Bekhtereva 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》1976,7(3):211-214
| 1. | Administration of L-dopa in a dose of 20 mg/kg for 12 days leads to the premature onset of puberty in sexually immature female rats. |
| 2. | Administration of L-dopa in a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 12 days inhibits the onset of puberty in sexually immature female rats. |
| 3. | Administration of L-dopa in a dose of 20 mg/kg daily for 3–4 weeks inhibits ovulation and causes an increase in the LH content in the pituitary of young sexually mature female rats. |
| 4. | L-dopa, when injected into rats with an irregular anovulatory cycle in a dose of 20 mg/kg (daily for 2 weeks) causes ovulation, alters the ratio between the phases of estrus and diestrus, and also changes the FSH and LH levels in the pituitary in 50% of cases. |
| 5. | Injection of L-dopa in a dose of 20 mg/kg into rats with spontaneous estrus restores their normal sex cycle and ovulation. |
15.
| (1) | The isolated rabbit ear was perfused via its artery and the venous outflow superfused a PGE-sensitive rat stomach strip or a PGF-sensitive rat colon. |
| (2) | Injection of bradykinin intra-arterially into the ear produced a larger contraction of the rat stomach strip than the application of the same dose of bradykinin directly to the superfused muscle. |
| (3) | This difference is explained as a release of PGE-like material by bradykinin, since indomethacin (infused i.a. into the ear) reduced the effect of the i.a. applied bradykinin. |
| (4) | PGF-like material could not be detected in the venous effluent. |
| (5) | ACh released only minimal amounts of PGE-like substance. |
| (6) | Conclusion: The amount of PGE-like material released by bradykinin is large enough to sensitize the paravascular pain receptors in the rabbit ear for the attack of bradykinin. Therefore, inhibition of PG-synthesis (i.e. by indomethacin) or inhibition of the sensitizing action of E-type PGs (i.e. by polyphloretin phosphate) reduces the pain producing effect of bradykinin. Since ACh releases only minimal amounts of E-type PGs, its effect is reduced only to a minimal extent by indomethacin or polyphloretin phosphate. |
16.
Csaba Rusznak Jagdish L. Devalia Jiahua Wang Robert J. Davies 《Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology》1997,15(2):205-217
Conclusions Taken together, the findings of both epidemiological and laboratory-based studies provide evidence that exposure to air pollutants
generated from petrol and diesel-burning engines are likely to precipitate attacks of asthma and rhinitis, and possibly contribute
to the increase in prevalence of these disorders. The mechanisms by which pollutants exert their effects may be either indirect
(modulation of allergenicity of airborne allergens) or direct:
相似文献
| 1. | Increased epithelial damage and permeability; |
| 2. | Decreased ciliary activity; |
| 3. | Depletion of naturally occurring antioxidants; and |
| 4. | Release of proinflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules, which orchestrate the functions of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes (Fig. 4). |
17.
H. Asanuma A. Arnold P. Zarzecki 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1976,26(5):443-461
The effective spread of stimulating current for pyramidal tract (PT) cells and fibers was studied using a method of cancelling the shock artifacts and the following results were obtained:
相似文献
| 1. | The excitability of PT axon collaterals was as high as that of PT cells. |
| 2. | These axon collaterals extended as far as 1.0 mm horizontally from the PT cells. |
| 3. | The low threshold area for activation of a given PT cell was as wide as 3–4 mm2 on the surface of the cortex. |
| 4. | Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) delivered to the PT cell layer produced direct (D) and indirect (I) descending volleys in the pyramidal tract, but ICMS to the superficial layer (III) produced only I-waves. |
| 5. | These I-waves grew significantly larger after 15–20 msec from the start of the train of stimuli. |
| 6. | It is concluded that either surface stimulation, or short train of ICMS is inadequate for delineating fine localization of motor function within the cortex. Longer train (30–40 msec) with high frequency pulses (300–400 cy/sec) can produce muscle contraction with much smaller currents, increasing the accuracy of measuring the localization of motor function. |
18.
Y. Shinoda A. P. Arnold H. Asanuma 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1976,26(3):215-234
Branching patterns of single corticospinal (CS) neurons were studied in the cat by activating these neurons antidromically from various regions of the spinal cord.
相似文献
| 1. | One hundred and ninety-three neurons were activated antidromically by microstimulation in the gray substance of the cervical cord and the majority of them were found in the forelimb area of the pericruciate cortex. |
| 2. | Branches to the lower levels of the spinal cord were found for 30% of the neurons projecting to the cervical gray matter. |
| 3. | The remaining 70% sent axons only to the cervical gray matter and some of them sent multiple branches to several segments in the cervical cord. |
| 4. | Only a few CS neurons located outside of the forelimb area could be activated from the cervical cord, but all of them also sent branches to the lower levels of the spinal cord. Neurons projecting to both the cervical cord and the lower levels were intermingled in the cortex with those projecting only to the cervical cord. |
| 5. | CS neurons activated from a given area of the cervical cord were often clustered together in a small area of the cortex, although some of these CS neurons sent their other branches to other parts of the spinal cord and neurons projecting to other parts were also intermingled among them. |
| 6. | The functional significance of multiple axonal branching of CS neurons is discussed in relation to cortical motor functions. |
19.
I. I. Dedov T. S. Zenkova G. A. Mel'nichenko O. I. Belichenko I. D. Fedina 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》1994,24(3):229-233
| 1. | MRT is a highly informative, noninvasive diagnostic method which it is advisable to use to assess the state of the hypophysis in patients with endocrinopathies. |
| 2. | The absence of ionizing radiation, the possibility of carrying out investigations in three or more planes without preliminary preparation of the patient, and the graphic character of the image make it possible to consider MRT with use of MR myelography as a method of choice for the diagnosis of EST. |
20.
| 1. | Judging by the intensity of the synthesis of DNA, the total population of hypophyseal cells of rats of the neonatal and nursing periods is more sensitive to the inhibitory influence of corticosteroids than cells of the hypophyses of animals of the prepubertal period and adults. |
| 2. | The hypophyseal cells of rats of the early postnatal period react to corticosteroids with attenuation of the synthesis of intracellular proteins, while cells of animals of the prepubertal period and adults do not manifest this reaction. |
| 3. | The marked inhibitory effect of the corticosteroids on hypophyseal cells of rats of the neonatal period is specific, since estradiol and testosterone do not alter the synthesis of DNA and total proteins, while progesterone exerts an insignificant inhibitory influence which is much weaker than the effects of corticosteroid. |
| 4. | The inhibitory influence of dexamethasone on the synthesis of DNA in the hypophyseal cells of rats of the neonatal period is detected only with prolonged (1–3-day) incubation, whereas inhibitory influence of this glucocorticoid on the synthesis of total proteins is found after as little as 2 h of incubation and is maintained during chronic (3-day) exposure. |