健康教育促进母乳喂养活动之作用

健康教育通过干预倾向因素、促成因素和强化因素能有效地改变母亲对婴儿的喂养行为，促进母乳喂养，提高母乳喂养率。其中孕期健康教育关系到知识的积累、信念和价值观的建立；医院内产房的健康教育是促成母乳喂养早期行为形成的关键；院后社会大系统的支持能巩固院内形成的母乳养行为。     

长沙市母乳喂养现状及主要影响因素研究

目的了解长沙市0~6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养情况及主要影响因素,进一步探索有效的干预措施,提高0~6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率。方法 2014年3-6月,采用自行设计的母乳喂养状况调查表,通过分层整群抽样法抽取长沙市1 014名婴儿母亲,对其住院期间和出院后纯母乳喂养情况及其主要影响因素进行调查。结果调查1 021名婴儿母亲,其中有效问卷1 014份,问卷有效率为99.31%。0~6个月婴儿住院期间纯母乳喂养率(37.5%),出院后纯母乳喂养率(40%)。在出院后纯母乳喂养情况中,孕期接受过宣教者(57.2%)纯母乳喂养率显著高于未接受宣教者(30.8%)(P0.05);阴道分娩者显著高于(46.7%)剖宫产者(29.9%)(P0.05);产后早接触、早吸吮者(35.3%)显著高于没有早接触、早吸吮者(21.8%)(P0.05);产后接受了母乳喂养指导者(50.1%)显著高于没有接受指导者(31%)(P0.05)。结论长沙市0~6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率偏低,母乳喂养情况受孕期健康教育、分娩方式、早接触早吸吮、产后指导等多种因素影响。     

院外坚持母乳喂养行为多因素分析

我们在广州市2所爱婴医院追踪调查221例4个月婴儿的母乳喂养情况,结暴发现:产妇出院后母乳喂养率呈逐月下降趋势。本文在单因素分析的基础上,采用多元回归分析的方法,筛选出影响母乳喂养持续行为的5个因素,根据标准偏回归系数绝对值大小,各影响因素强度依次为:母乳量,母乳喂养咨询门诊,母亲患病,家庭经济收入及对“母乳喂养完全能满足4个月婴儿全部营养而不必给婴儿添加任何辅食”的看法。     

贵港市婴儿母乳喂养持续时间及其影响因素分析

目的了解广西贵港市婴儿母乳喂养持续时间及其影响因素。方法 2018年8月从贵港市3个区和2个县分别采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取6～12月龄婴儿为研究对象,并收集相关信息,采用Kapan-Meier法和log-rank检验分析比较不同组间母乳持续喂养时间,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析母乳持续喂养时间的影响因素。结果共有868名婴儿童纳入统计分析;母乳喂养持续时间中位数为7个月。单因素分析结果显示,婴儿出生体重、孕期周数、母亲民族、产后吸吮时间、分娩方式及分娩医院等6个变量差异有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。Cox模型进行多因素分析结果显示,婴儿出生体重对母乳喂养持续时间有影响(P=0.042),出生体重为2.5～4.0 kg的婴儿断奶危险性是出生体重2.5 kg的0.474倍(P=0.012)。结论贵港市母乳喂养时间普遍不足,需采取针对性的干预措施给予改善。     

爱婴医院出院产妇坚持纯母乳喂养行为多因素分析

对广州市两所爱婴医院追踪调查２２１例４个月婴儿的母乳喂养情况，结果发现：产妇出院后纯母乳喂养率逐月显著下降。在单因素分析的基础上，采用多元回归分析的方法，筛选出影响纯母乳喂养持续行为的５个因素，根据回归系数绝对值大小，各影响因素强度依次为：母乳量；母乳喂养咨询门诊；母亲患病；家庭经济收入；对“纯母乳喂养完全能满足４个月婴儿全部营养而不必给婴儿添加任何辅食”的看法。     

社区爱婴行动对母乳喂养促进作用的研究

为了解社区爱婴行动对母乳喂养的促进作用,江苏省在南京市及镇江市社区内开展了多种爱婴活动,并在项目活动开始时及结束时进行了问卷调查。结果表明,终末调查与基础调查相比,产妇出院前２４ｈ内纯母乳喂养率和调查前２４ｈ内纯母乳喂养率均有明显上升,母亲在孕期及出院后接受母乳喂养健康教育的比例均有明显提高,母亲认为４个月内婴儿应该开始添加辅食的比例及４个月内婴儿实际添加辅食者的比例均有明显下降。提示社区爱婴行动确实大大促进了母乳喂养率的提高。     

普陀区婴儿母乳喂养情况调查

为了提高母乳喂养率 ,世界卫生组织 (ＷＨＯ)儿童基金会倡导在全球创建爱婴医院 ,并制定目标到 2 0 0 0年 4个月以内的婴儿母乳喂养率提高到 80 % ,以此作为妇幼卫生工作的一项重要内容 ,以保障婴儿健康[1] 。因此 ,对我区 1995～ 1997年住院分娩的 397例婴儿 ,进行母乳喂养情况分析。1　材料与方法1.1　对象1995～ 1997年普陀区各大医院收住的营养状况良好 ,均接受过详尽的产前、产后有关母乳喂养知识健康宣教的产妇分娩的 397例婴儿。1.2　方法采取问卷式调查 ,分别于孕 34周、生后 6周、4月进行 ,分别向婴儿家长了解产后 6周、4月母乳喂…     

深圳市6个月内婴儿母亲纯母乳喂养知信行及手机利用需求调查

目的 了解深圳市6个月内婴儿母亲纯母乳喂养知信行情况,并根据婴儿母亲手机利用需求提出方便、有效、可行、易于接受的有针对性的健康教育干预措施.方法 随机抽取在深圳市3个区妇幼保健院儿保科进行6个月内儿童常规体检的婴儿母亲1000名进行问卷调查.结果 6个月内纯母乳喂养率为61.2%,非纯母乳喂养主要原因为自述母乳不足(42.01%),按需哺乳知识知晓率最低(47.7%),母乳喂养知识主要来源为医务人员(50.1%),纯母乳喂养组与非纯母乳喂养组在母乳喂养信心(χ2=7.131,P=0.008)、家人支持(χ2=5.648,P=0.017)、开奶时间(χ2=45.083,P<0.01)、母婴同室(χ2=19.765,P<0.01)、夜间哺乳(χ2=15.666,P<0.01)方面比较,差异有统计学意义.调查显示86.8%的婴儿母亲愿意通过手机接收母乳喂养知识.结论 为进一步提高6个月内纯母乳喂养率,医务人员应加强母乳喂养宣教,鼓励产妇家属共同参与,增强产妇母乳喂养信心,用工单位提供便利支持母乳喂养,医院落实爱婴医院政策,发挥手机快捷、互动平台作用进行母乳喂养健康教育干预.     

住院期间母乳喂养服务对产褥期纯母乳喂养行为的影响

目的 分析上海市某区产妇住院期间母乳喂养服务对产褥期纯母乳喂养行为的影响。 方法 在全区随机抽取13家社区卫生中心中的5家儿保门诊,招募1月龄的婴儿母亲进行问卷调查。 结果 共收集到合格问卷456份,住院期间母婴同室率为96.1%;11.4%没有使用奶瓶、奶粉;45.2%的婴儿产后1 h内吸吮母乳,分娩后30 min内开始母婴早接触率为47.6%。住院期间纯母乳喂养率23.9%,1月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率55.3%。多元logistics回归分析显示,出生后第一口食物为母乳的婴儿在出生后一个月的纯母乳喂养率较高(aOR=1.932,95%CI:1.254～2.978,P=0.003)。分娩后30 min内进行母婴接触的婴儿在出生后一个月的纯母乳喂养率较高(aOR=1.624,95%CI:1.033～2.552,P=0.036)。 结论 住院期间母乳喂养服务与产褥期纯母乳喂养行为密切相关,需加强爱婴医院长效管理机制的落实,提升母乳喂养服务质量,提高纯母乳喂养率。     

浦东新区爱婴医院母乳喂养情况调查

目的:了解当前爱婴医院内产后母乳喂养情况,探讨影响新生儿母乳喂养的相关因素,有针对性地指导母乳喂养,以提高出院后母乳喂养率。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取7家爱婴医院350名产妇及新生儿,设计调查问卷,对其进行母乳喂养调查。结果:产妇中93.14%(326/350)在医院接受过母乳喂养教育,其中以孕妇学校宣教比例最高,产后病房宣教比例最低;母乳喂养率61.42%,混合喂养30.86%;自然分娩者母乳喂养率高于手术分娩者(P0.01);未使用奶瓶喂养婴儿的母乳喂养率高于使用奶瓶者(P0.01);开展早接触、早吸吮者母乳喂养率高于未开展者(P0.05);78.52%的产妇添加代乳品的原因是觉得乳汁不够,58.52%的添加代乳品行为由产妇本人决定。结论:爱婴医院内母乳喂养工作还有待加强,影响母乳喂养的相关因素有分娩方式、开奶前是否使用奶瓶、是否进行早吸吮、早接触等。加强爱婴医院管理,积极开展产前、产时、产后各环节的母乳喂养健康教育,提高产妇的母乳喂养意识及掌握实用技巧,对于提高母乳喂养成功率有积极影响。     

Breastfeeding Laws and Breastfeeding Practices by Race and Ethnicity

ObjectivesWe sought to examine breastfeeding practices by race and ethnicity in areas with and without eight specific breastfeeding laws.MethodsThe 2003 through 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provides national breastfeeding practice information. We assessed eight breastfeeding laws before and after legislation was enacted and linked to population-based estimates of breastfeeding initiation and duration for children between birth and age one.FindingsRelative to Whites, Mexican-American infants were 30% more likely to breastfeed for at least 6 months in areas with laws protecting break-time from work to pump, and 20% more likely to breastfeed for at least 6 months in areas with pumping law enforcement provisions. Unexpectedly, five laws with the intention of supporting breastfeeding duration were significantly less helpful for African-American women relative to White women. African-American women were nearly half as likely to breastfeed for at least 6 months, relative to Whites in areas with provisions to provide break-time from work (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–0.8), private areas to pump at work (AOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.8), exemption from jury duty (AOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9), awareness education campaigns (AOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.8), and pumping law enforcement provisions (AOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5–0.8).ConclusionsBreastfeeding laws influence African Americans and Mexican Americans differently than Whites. Examination of specific laws in conjunction with the interaction of known specific barriers for African-American mothers could help to achieve the Healthy People 2020 goals for breastfeeding.     

Breastfeeding and fertility. Part II: Breastfeeding practices.

A cross-sectional survey described the current breastfeeding status and antenatal care of 1134 urban mothers, attending MCH centers in Alexandria governorate and gave birth within the last two years, was carried out. The results indicated that the median duration of breastfeeding was 14 months. At six month postpartum the proportion of breastfeeding mothers was 0.8. The mean age of weaning was 20.7 (+/- 4.1) months. Less than 80% of mothers attended the antenatal visits. Information about breastfeeding was provided to 80% of mothers who attended the antenatal visits.     

Breastfeeding: an appeal

Factors that hinder breast feeding include the lack of knowledge of health personnel about the uniqueness of breast milk and the ease with which they and mothers have accepted formula feeding. These factors prevailed in Europe and North America until the 1960s, and they prevail today in developing countries. It is crucial to persuade health workers of the merits of breast feeding in order to promote it. Baby milk formula was developed in 1919 to provide a substitute for infants afflicted by the lack of their mothers milk. The search for the perfect human milk formula continues, but formula feeding is an experiment whose long-term effects are unknown. Its putative benefits are convenience, creation of employment, decreased perinatal mortality in affluent societies, and increased weight gain of premature low-birth-weight babies. However, formula feeding encourages less frequent child-mother contact. Employment opportunities in the manufacture of formula milk are only generated in the developed countries. The decline in perinatal mortality in developed countries since the advent of bottle feeding has been attributable to better obstetric care and improved management of such conditions as respiratory distress syndrome in infants. Most of the weight gain associated with formula use is caused by water and solute retention, which may be harmful to immature kidneys. On the other hand, the indisputable benefits of breast feeding include 1) prevention of infant malnutrition in the poor and obesity in the affluent 2) reduction in infection owing to protective factors in breast milk 3) reduced exposure to foreign allergens leading to a lower incidence of atopic conditions 4) convenience 5) enhancing the emotional bond between mother and child; and 6) helping to regulate appetite and satiety. Developing countries need health workers who are committed to encouraging exclusive breast feeding for 4 months, followed by breast feeding with supplements for at least 12 months.