5—bromo—2—deoxyuridine标记法

以５－ｂｒｏｍｏ－２－ｄｅｘｏｙｕｒｉｄｉｎｅ标记法检测了ＳＰ２／０细胞的增殖动力学，并与３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法作了比较，结果表明本法是可靠的，且有很高的特异性。该法较３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入的传统方法简便、敏感、精确、可广泛应用于细胞增殖动力学、肿瘤生物学、遗传学、分子生物学等多个领域。     

ABSTRACTS — ANALYSES — REFERATE

Walter Schiller: Pathologie und Klinik dtr Granulosazellentumoren . K. Landxteiner: Die Spezlflzität der serologischen Resklionen .     

快速AS—PCR技术用于血小板HPA—1,—2,—3,—4,—5？…

目的 研究建立快速等位基因特异性（ＡＳ）引物－ＰＣＲ技术,同时对人血小板同种异型抗原系统（ＨＰＡ－１,２,３,４,５０等位基因进行分型。方法 设计合成１５闰基因特异性引物,摸索最适引物浓度、Ｍｇ＾＋＋浓度及护增参数。用该技术对１００名北京地区健康献血者ＨＰＡ－１￣５系统等位基因进行分型。结果 从１００名北京地区献血员观察到的ＨＰＡ基因频率分别是ＨＰＡ－１ａ和１ｂ为０．９９５和０．００５,ＨＰＡ－２     

下颌—面—眼—颅骨发育不良综合征一例

病例报告 史×,男,7岁。因身体矮小于1984年11月26日来诊。第5胎足月顺产,出生时有2个小而软的下切齿,3岁后换出两个新的牙齿,余乳齿未脱换。6月会笑,8月会坐,3岁会走,4岁会说简单话,7岁可数10个数。母妊娠3月时患黄疸性肝炎,服中药2月后愈。父母非近亲结婚,家族中无类似病人。 体检:发育营养差,身高84.5cm,坐高61cm,上部量49cm,下部量35.5cm,指距82.5cm,体重11公斤,颅围45.5cm。     

NK—CTL——一种新型的HLA—E限制性T细胞亚群

NK-CTL是表达HLA—I类分子特异性抑制性受体的CD8 CTL的亚群之一。NK-CTL通过其TCR，识别HLA——一种非经典的HLA—I类分子，启动机体的免疫应答，在抗肿瘤免疫、抗感染免疫以及移植排斥反应中发挥一定作用。     

Smith—Lemli—Opitz综合征研究进展

近年发现，一种以先天性多发畸形为特征的Smith—Lemli—Opits综合征在胆固醇生物合成存在缺陷，该病做为遗传代谢病的一个新分支的代表病种引起多学科研究人员的兴趣，在诊断手段致病机制、产前诊断、动物模型方面都取得了长足的进展，本文对此做一综述。     

裸鼠人早幼粒白血病突变株细胞(HL-60-AR)异种移植模型的建立

将HGPRT~-的人早幼粒白血病突变株细胞(HL-60-AR)接种于裸鼠皮下,能形成实体性白血病肉瘤。肿瘤组织经光镜形态学、细胞超微结构、细胞化学、LDH同工酶谱、染色体分析、细胞遗传标记、以及分化性状的检测等多项指标鉴定,均类似于原来体外长期培养的细胞株。移植瘤细胞能在裸鼠体内连续传代,迄今已传至第12代。这个裸鼠人白血病细胞异种移植模型的建立,将为研究人类白血病细胞在体内的增殖、分化以及对抗白血病药物治疗的反应,提供一个有价值的实验系统。     

Morphometric Evidence of Sexual Dimorphism in the infrastructure of Gonadotroph Adenomas of the Human Pituitary

Gonadotroph adenomas resected from the pituitaries of 8 males and 8 females were studied by transmission electron microscopy and morphometry in order to establish whether they exhibit sexual dimorphism. Random photographs were taken and the following parameters compared: (1) cellular volume, (2) nuclear volume, (3) cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio, (4) volume density of endoplasmic reticulum, (5) volume density of Golgi bodies, (6) volume density of mitochondria, (7) volume density of secretory granules, (8) volume density of lysosomes, (9) diameter of secretory granules, (10) surface to volume ratio of secretory granules, (11) surface to volume ratio of Golgi bodies, (1 2) surface to volume ratio of nuclei, (13) surface to volume ratio of cells.

The results showed that gonadotroph adenomas of males differed significantly from those of females in cell size, cell shape, and electron microscopic features of Golgi apparatus. It remains to be established whether differences in the morphology of nonneoplastic gonadotrophs of males and females can explain the development of morphologically distinct adenoma cells between the sexes.     

小鼠胸腺基质细胞株MTECB的细胞学特性

用免疫组织化学和透射电镜技术对本室所建立的小鼠胸腺基质细胞株ＭＴＥＣＢ进行了细胞学鉴定。免疫组织化学观察显示：４０ｋＤ、４５ｋＤ角蛋白和波形蛋白呈现强阳性，５２ｋＤ，５４ｋＤ，５８ｋＤ角蛋白和Ｓ－１００蛋白呈现阴性。电镜下见到，具有桥粒和张力丝结构，含较多的囊泡和髓样体，发达的高尔基复合体和线粒体。另外ＭＴＥＣＢ还表现为酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、非特异性酯酶弱阳性。据此我们认为ＭＴＥＣＢ为上皮细胞来     

兔心窦房结的亚微结构观察

本文观查了8例杂种成免心脏窦房结的亚微结构。窦房结主要由P细胞和T细胞构成。P细胞多成团存在。细胞圆形或多边形,胞核大,可见双核细胞;胞质内肌原纤维和线粒体较少;核糖体、糖原颗粒、高尔基氏器、粗面和滑面内质网均较丰富;高尔基氏器附近有电子密度较高的球形颗粒;胞膜下见到许多小凹和小囊;P细胞间有散在的中间连接。T细胞的形态和结构介于P细胞和心肌细胞之间。最后对窦房结内各细胞的功能特点加以讨论。     

免疫组化电镜示垂体LH细胞

应用免疫组化电镜显示垂体黄体生成素(LH)细胞的形态特徵、超微结构以及反应阳性颗粒的分布状况等,并按此将LH细胞分为四型。一、二型细胞内大小分泌粒均含有LH;三型细胞长(?)的150 nm及200 nm颗粒显免疫反应阳性,且部分胞膜和微绒毛顶部界膜内外附着致密细粒;四型细胞出现反应阴性颗粒,仅在rER膜囊外显有直径30～40 nm黑色细粒。LH细胞的分泌可能以外排、分子渗透和局部分泌三种方式排出LH。     

Ultrastructural localization of peroxidase in leukocytes of rat bone marrow and blood

The differentiation of leukocytes in the bone marrow and blood of normal adult male rats was studied by electron microscopy and peroxidase cytochemistry. Tissue samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde, or paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde, and incubated in a peroxidase medium containing 3,3′-diaminobenzidine and H₂O₂ at pH 7.6. Mature cells of blood were identified, and then the earlier stages of maturation in bone marrow were analyzed. In immature cells of four cell lines, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils, peroxidase is synthesized and could be demonstrated in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi complex, and in cytoplasmic granules. Later in maturation, reaction product for peroxidase could not be found in RER or Golgi complex, indicating that peroxidase synthesis had ceased. In two cell lines, neutrophils and monocytes, peroxidase-negative granules were formed, and the mature cells contained two populations of cytochemically distinct granules. All granules of mature eosinophils were peroxidasepositive. In mature basophils, some granules were clearly peroxidase-positive; others displayed variable density, making interpretation uncertain. Mast cells were never seen in blood, but were abundant in bone marrow; peroxidase was never found in their granules by either electron microscopic cytochemistry or a variety of light microscopic methods. Hence, these cells differ from basophils, not only in morphology but also in the enzyme content of their granules.     

超顺磁性氧化铁标记骨髓间充质干细胞的实验研究

目的探讨超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPIO）标记青山羊骨髓间充质干细胞的方法,并确定标记颗粒在细胞内的具体位置,评价标记效果。方法抽取骨髓离心,分离间充质干细胞制成单细胞悬液传代培养及扩增,用SPIO标记第三代骨髓间充质干细胞,显微镜下观察发现细胞内胞吞入大量SPIO颗粒后消化培养细胞,离心成团,于2.5%戊二醛固定,透射电镜常规制样,镜下观察并采集图像。结果电镜下骨髓间充质干细胞的超微结构保存良好,胞质内出现大量电子密度高的SPIO颗粒,呈小团状或点状分布,主要位于溶酶体内及滑面内质网、线粒体及胞浆中的膜性结构上,细胞膜表面和核膜上也可见少量的散在颗粒。结论透射电镜下显示用SPIO标记骨髓间充质干细胞阳性率高,超微结构保存良好,准确定位了SPIO在胞内的位置,此法可为干细胞移植的示踪提供依据。     

A review: classification and ultrastructures of the anterior pituitary cells and their role in function of hormone secretion]

Anterior pituitary cells first were classified by their staining behaviour in light microscopic preparations. Later they were classified according to the type of hormone they produce. Although even electron microscopy has been routinized, the functional classification of anterior pituitary cells was not easy. Experimental morphology that was mainly based on observation of the anterior pituitary after extirpation of target endocrine organs was the only method for identifying the probable function of each cell type in the anterior pituitary. The use of antibody against each hormone, that is immunohisto(cyto-)chemistry at light and electron microscopic level, was an epoch-making innovation in the technique for studying endocrine morphology. The technique revealed two or three morphologically different types in each cell group containing the same hormone. These subtypes in cell classification by immuno-electron microscopy are related to the age and sex of the animal. Cell biological research using electron microscopy, especially immunocytochemistry, clarified mechanisms concerning various steps in hormone production, for example, the synthesis of peptide hormones (precursors) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum; transfer to the Golgi apparatus; modification and processing of precursor peptides during the passage through Golgi stacks and the trans-Golgi network that corresponds to GERL; the moving of secretory granules; the mechanism of exocytosis and related membrane events; and the activity of lysosomes related to such endocrine functions as crinophagy and the recycling of membrane constituents retrieved from the cell surface after exocytosis of secretory granules.