社区医患关系沟通技巧及满意度的探讨

目的探讨社区医疗服务中的医患沟通技巧。方法在社区医患沟通技巧培训前后各选择500例患者进行医疗满意度调查,并分析调查问卷中对医疗满意度的主要影响因素。结果观察组满意例数明显多于对照组（P〈0.05）,不满意例数明显少于对照组（P〈0.05）,观察组患者对医护人员评分在医疗过程中是否认真倾听、医疗过程中的语言和语气、介绍病情是否全面和细致3方面评分明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论社区医疗服务过程中,倾听患者陈诉、注意与患者沟通时的语气以及用语分寸,详细、全面、细致地为患者解答病情,能有效增进医患关系。     

影响护患关系信任度因素调查

目的通过问卷调查分析影响护患关系信任度因素,提出对策。方法根据冈谷慧子的关于护患关系信任度问卷项目做出调查表,分别对眼科、耳鼻喉科共计100例住院时间均大于5天的病人进行问卷调查。结果依照调查表所列对护士信任度影响的六方面因素重要性排序,“医生和护士对同一问题的解释不一致”在外界对护士信任度各影响因素中出现频率最高,其他五方面要素出现频率高的分别为：病房护士无论是谁对病人的病情都很清楚;护士做护理时能根据病人情况而定;护士在发药时能说明用药的注意事项;护士能鼓励病人与疾病做斗争。结论护理人员只有在工作中努力学习,不断提高自己的医学理论水平与专科技能,加强与病人沟通,寻找自己的不足,才能增加病人对自己的信任度。     

Knowledges about herbal products among subjects on warfarin therapy and patient-physician relationship: a pilot study

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to analyse behaviours and patient-physician relationship about phytotherapy among a sample of Italian patients on warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation. METHODS: During a 4-month study period, interviews of patients on warfarin therapy, followed regularly in the medical laboratories to monitor INR values, were conducted on the basis of a pre-structured 25-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Among a study population of 294 patients, 69 subjects reported to have been taking one or more phytotherapic products in the last year in combination with warfarin. Users were mostly in the age group >50 years and had a low level of education. Five out of 69 patients reported side effects, while 16/69 referred an unstable INR value. The majority of our subjects considered phytotherapy useful and without risks. CONCLUSIONS: The present survey highlights the potential risk of confidence with the 'natural world', the lack of discussion on this argument among health care providers and patients on warfarin therapy and the need to monitor strictly the INR value.     

Pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and evaluation of direct-to-consumer advertising

Objectives

To assess pharmacy students'' knowledge, attitudes, and evaluation of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA).

Methods

A cross sectional, self-administered, 106-item survey instrument was used to assess first, second, and third professional year pharmacy students'' knowledge about DTCA regulations, attitudes toward DTCA, and evaluation of DTC advertisements with different brief summary formats (professional labeling and patient labeling) and in different media sources (print and television).

Results

One hundred twenty (51.3%) of the 234 students enrolled participated in the study. The mean percentage knowledge score was 48.7% ± 12.5%. Based on the mean scores per item, pharmacy students had an overall negative attitude toward DTC advertisements. Students had an overall negative attitude toward television and print advertisements using the professional labeling format but an overall positive attitude toward the print advertisement using the patient labeling format.

Conclusions

Lectures discussing DTC advertising should be included in the pharmacy curriculum.     

Effect of television advertising of alcohol on alcohol consumption and intentions to drive

The alcohol consumption of 120 male and female college students was measured as they viewed a 90-min videotape of popular prime-time television programmes. Independent measures were the sex of the student, their drinker classification (light or moderate-heavy) and the number of alcohol advertisements (0, 6, 12) shown during the screening of the television programmes. Dependent measures were the number of drinks consumed, and the intentions of students to drive a motor vehicle after viewing the videotaped programmes. As predicted, males consumed more alcohol than females, and moderate-heavy drinkers consumed more than light drinkers. Male and female students who viewed six alcohol advertisements consumed more alcohol than students shown no alcohol advertisements or 12 alcohol advertisements. Analysis of intentions to drive after viewing the programmes revealed that the number of drinks consumed was not a significant covariate of driving intentions. Rather light drinkers of both sexes were less likely to intend to drive than moderate-heavy drinkers. Males exposed to alcohol advertisements were less likely to intend to drive than males who did not view alcohol advertisements. Different levels of exposure to alcohol advertisements did not influence the driving intentions of college females.     

Alcohol advertising in the New Zealand university student press

University students drink more heavily than their non-student peers in New Zealand. The promotion of alcohol via advertising is a known contributor to heavy drinking. The aim of this paper was to determine the nature and extent of alcohol-related advertising and related policies at New Zealand universities. We sought to obtain all issues for 2005, of student newspapers at five New Zealand universities that had participated in an ongoing research project examining alcohol-related harm. The number of alcohol-related advertisements was determined and counts were weighted by the proportion of the page they took up. We surveyed senior university administrators to determine whether policies existed to regulate alcohol advertising on campus. The number of alcohol-related advertisements in student publications ranged from 1 to 129 across the academic year (median: 74 advertisements, 34 full-page equivalents). At three universities, most advertisements promoted bars, pubs and restaurants, while at the other two universities, most alcohol-related advertising was for events sponsored by a brewery, alcohol company or local pub. At one university with almost no advertising, a brewery sponsorship agreement with the student association forbade other parties from advertising alcohol and related events. Alcohol-related advertising is pervasive in the New Zealand university student press. Student associations should consider the ethics of alcohol industry sponsorship in light of the high prevalence of heavy drinking in this population group.     

及时有效的沟通方式协调护患关系

有效沟通对建立和谐护患关系的重要性已逐渐被医护人员所重视，但如何同患者进行及时有效的沟通却较少报道。本文根据作者长期的临床护理实践，基于护理伦理学理论，探讨了护理工作中患者治疗前及治疗过程中的沟通方式，并就护理人员同患者的语言沟通及非语言沟通方式进行了分析，提出了行之有效的护理沟通方式。     

The extent and nature of alcohol advertising on Australian television

Introduction and Aims. Current alcohol guidelines in Australia recommend minimising alcohol consumption, especially among minors. This study investigated (i) the extent to which children and the general population are exposed to television advertisements that endorse alcohol consumption and (ii) the themes used in these advertisements. Design and Methods. A content analysis was conducted on alcohol advertisements aired over two months in major Australian cities. The advertisements were coded according to the products that were promoted, the themes that were employed, and the time of exposure. Advertising placement expenditure was also captured. Results. In total, 2810 alcohol advertisements were aired, representing one in 10 beverage advertisements. Advertisement placement expenditure for alcohol products in the five cities over the two months was $15.8 million. Around half of all alcohol advertisements appeared during children's popular viewing times. The most common themes used were humour, friendship/mateship and value for money. Discussion and Conclusions. Children and adults are regularly exposed to advertisements that depict alcohol consumption as fun, social and inexpensive. Such messages may reinforce existing alcohol-related cultural norms that prevent many Australians from meeting current intake guidelines.[Pettigrew S, Roberts M, Pescud M, Chapman K, Quester P, Miller C. The extent and nature of alcohol advertising on Australian television. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:797-802].     

关于加强临床试验招募广告伦理审查的探讨

招募受试者的广告须经伦理委员会审查和批准之后方可使用。其形式和招募的途径多样化。国内的招募广告伦理审查主要存在以下问题：相应的伦理审查法律法规不完善;临床试验相关人员重视度不够;招募广告自身的缺陷等。审查招募广告的要点包括发放媒介及其主要内容。针对招募广告伦理审查存在的问题,建议通过完善法律和各项规章制度、提高审查招募广告的意识和加强监督管理,以提高招募广告伦理审查水平,更好地保障受试者安全和权益。     

建立有效医患沟通 构建和谐医患关系

随着现代医学的发展,医患关系的协调日益重要。同时,也是当前十分敏感的一个社会问题,受到全社会的关注。很多医疗纠纷都是由于医患关系的不协调引起的。而医患关系处理失当的主要原因,就是医患之间缺乏沟通引起的信任危机,进而导致医疗纠纷的出现。因此,本研究就如何建立有效的医患沟通进行探讨,为构建和谐的医患关系提出建议。     

Constructions of masculinity in alcohol advertising: Implications for the prevention of domestic violence

Alcohol advertisements are a potentially potent site for the representations of masculinity and gender relations given alcohol's role as a rite of passage for young men in Western cultures. Concerns about violence against women draw attention to the representations of masculinity that alcohol advertisements privilege and that may have important implications for gender relationships. Traditional masculinities have been associated with domestic violence particularly those that privilege men's dominance, entitlement and control of women. Egalitarian heterosexual relationships or intimacy, which involve compassion, equality and consensual decision-making, protect against domestic violence. In this article, we investigate the literature on alcohol advertising to determine the constructions of masculinity that are portrayed in advertisements particularly those targeting young men. We identify those constructions of masculinity and gender relations that are problematic for healthy, egalitarian, intimate heterosexual relationships and that are therefore problematic for the prevention of domestic violence.     

Adolescent gambling: Temperament,sense of coherence and exposure to advertising

This study examines the relationships between gambling behaviour and temperament, sense of coherence (SOC) and exposure to advertising among adolescents, and the interactions between these three independent variables in relation to problem gambling (PG). One thousand and sixty-nine Israeli adolescents (males = 539, females = 530), aged 16–19, were sampled from 19 high schools. The following instruments were used: a gambling behaviour scale; a PG scale; an advertising exposure scale; Buss and Plomin's emotionality, activity and sociability (EAS) questionnaire measuring temperament; and a short version of Antonovsky's SOC scale. The findings indicated a relationship between recall of exposure to advertising and gambling behaviour and PG among adolescents. No correlations were found between SOC and gambling behaviour and PG, and no correlation was found between temperament and gambling behaviour. However, the effect of temperament on PG was significant for girls only. In addition, no interaction was found between the three independent variables relating to PG. The findings of this study underline the social role of advertisements in the process of developing gambling behaviour among adolescents and its effect on problem gambling.