新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后首次检测为乙型肝炎病…

报告了新生儿乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗免疫后１－９年的ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者年阴转率的定人随访结果。母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性儿，乙肝疫苗免疫后首次检出的８４例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者，动态观察了１－９年，ＨＢｓＡｇ年抗ＨＢｓ，２／１０无抗－ＨＢｓ应答。结论：母婴阻断失败者的ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性儿，其ＨＢｓＡｇ年阴转率很低，和人群观察结果（１．１１％）相似；阴转者８０％能够产生抗－ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性儿，其ＨＢｓＡｇ年阴转率很低，和人群     

双抗HBsAg抗体夹心时间分辨免疫荧光分析方法的建立

时间分辨免疫荧光分析技术（ＴＲＩＦＭＡ）具有灵敏度高、稳定性好等优点。乙型肝炎表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）是感染乙型肝炎病毒的重要标志,目前临床多以ＥＬＩＳＡ法进行检测,为了进一步提高ＨＢｓＡｇ检测的灵敏度,我们建立了ＨＢｓＡｇ的ＴＲＩＦＭＡ检测的方法。１　材料与方法１－１　标本　选择用科华ＥＬＩＳＡ药盒检测ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性和阴性肝素抗凝血血清,－２０℃保存。１－２　试剂仪器　抗ＨＢｓＡｇ单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体及ＨＢｓＡｇ由本室制备。酯化生物素（ＢＮＳＨ）和ＡＢＣ复合物,由海军医学研究所流行病研究所程…     

慢性丙型肝炎肝内HCV特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞活性及其对IFN-α治疗的应答反应

丙型肝炎病毒特异性细胞毒Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＨＣＶｓＣＴＬ）在机体防御和慢性ＨＣＶ感染发病机制方面起一定作用,该文研究的目的在于观察肝内ＨＣＶｓＣＴＬ活性对ＩＦＮα治疗作用的影响。３７例慢性丙肝患者（男２０例,女１７例,年龄２７～７５岁）均血清抗ＨＣＶ阳性、ＡＬＴ持续升高至少６个月、ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性、抗ＨＩＶ阴性,且没有其它肝脏疾病的临床和实验室检查的证据,此前均未用过干扰素治疗。对其中的２１例予以ＩＦＮ治疗（ＩＦＮα２ｂ,３００万ｕ,ｉｍ,３次／周）,１９例完成６个月的疗程,随访６～１８个月…     

婴幼儿乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阳性者的动态转归

对５４例婴幼儿时期斩乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）阳性者进行了动态研究。结果表明，婴幼儿ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者的年阴转率很低，为１．０４％，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者年阴转率高低与母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者年阴转率高低与母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ是否阳性关系密切，与是否免疫关系为期母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者阴转率稍高。     

受体导向药物L-HSA-Ara-AMP对乙型肝炎病毒抑制作用的临床初探

目的为初步试探受体导向药物Ｌ－ＨＳＡ－Ａｒａ－ＡＭＰ的抗病毒效果。方法应用５天疗法治疗慢性乙型肝炎１０例，并以Ａｒａ－ＡＭＰ为对照。结果治疗组ＨＢｓＡｇ无变化，１０例ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性者阴转３例，滴度下降６例，４例抗－ＨＢｃＩｇＭ阳性均阴转，８例ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性阴转４例，浓度下降４例，未发现任何毒副反应。结论显示该药对ＨＢＶ复制指标的近期抑制效果与Ａｒａ－ＡＭＰ相近或略优，但日剂量仅为后者的１／７。     

乙丙型肝炎病毒重叠感染时病毒的相互作用

目的　探讨乙、丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ） 重叠感染时,病毒之间的相互作用。方法　检测３０ 例ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ重叠感染患者血清病毒标志物的变化、ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区１ ８９６ 位点突变的发生比率及血清肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）α、白细胞介素（ＩＬ）６ 含量。结果　与单纯ＨＢＶ或ＨＣＶ 感染者相比,重叠感染患者乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ） 、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ、ＨＣＶＲＮＡ 阳性比率明显降低,乙肝ｅ 抗体（ 抗ＨＢｅ） 阳性比率明显升高,ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗ＨＢｃ ＩｇＧ 及抗ＨＣＶ 几何平均滴度也明显降低,部分患者ＨＢｓＡｇ 阴转。而ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区１ ８９６ 位点突变发生率及血清ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ６ 含量却明显高于单纯感染者。结论　ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染同一宿主时,存在相互干扰、抑制;ＨＢｅＡｇ 的消失、抗ＨＢｅ 的阳转既与ＨＣＶ对ＨＢＶ 复制的直接抑制有关,又与ＨＢＶ的前Ｃ区变异有关,且ＨＣＶ 的重叠感染可能是导致ＨＢＶ 前Ｃ区变异的原因之一,其作用机制可能与导致机体免疫压力升高有关     

赛若金在慢性病毒性肝病治疗中的合理应用与治疗研究

目的：为了研究赛若金（干扰素）在慢性病毒性肝病治疗中的合理应用及赛若金对慢性病毒性肝病的疗效比较。方法：对２１例ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ、ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性的慢性乙型病毒性肝病患者,７例ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ、ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性无症状携带者及８例ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性慢性丙型肝炎患者应用赛若金３￣６Ｕ,每日１次肌注,１５￣３０ｄ后隔日１次肌注,治疗３￣６个月。结果：２１例慢性乙肝病毒性肝病患者疗程ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴转率３个月时为     

联合应用乙肝疫苗和HBIG阻断母婴传播效果观察

母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ均阳性者所生婴儿为观察对象。分１０μｇ×３、２０μｇ×３和３０μｇ×３三组，每组又分联合组（乙肝疫苗加ＨＢＩＧ）和单苗组（单用乙肝疫苗），按０、１、６月程序肌内注射。２０μｇ和３０μｇ两组１２月龄时联合组和单苗组ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率差别无显著性，但联合组抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率和ＧＭＴ均较单苗组为高。１０μｇ×３联合组１２月龄时ＨＢｓＡｓ感染率和３０μｇ×３单苗组相仿，用此法免疫，价格低廉，建议采用。     

乙型肝炎疫苗免疫区儿童乙型肝炎病毒的血清学调查

对１９８５年６月到１９９３年５月期间乙肝疫苗免疫工钠的儿童，进行了一次性ＨＢＶ血清流行病学调查。结果表明，免疫区内接受免疫的儿童，免疫的后第８年抗－ＨＢｓ阳转率高达７９．２％，抗－ＨＢ的Ｓ／Ｎ值≥１０．０者高达６６．４７％，几何平均滴度（ＧＭＴ）在５４．９ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ。ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率平均仅为１．１２％，较免疫前同龄儿ｓＡｇ阳性率（１７．４％）相比，下降了９３．５５％。     

受体导向药物L—HSA—Ara—AMP对乙型肝炎病毒抑制作？…

目的 为初步试探受体导向药物Ｌ－ＨＳＡ－Ａｒａ－ＡＭＰ的抗病毒效果。方法 应用５天疗法治疗慢性乙型肝炎１０例，并以Ａｒａ－ＡＭＰ为对照。结果 治疗组ＨＢｓＡｇ无变化，１０例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者阴转３例，滴度下降６例，４例抗－ＨＢｃ ＩｇＭ阳性均转阴，８例ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性阴转４例，浓度下降４例，未发现任何毒副反应。结论 显示该药对ＨＢＶ复制指标的近期抑制效果与Ａｒａ－ＡＭＰ相近或略优，但日剂量仅为后者     

重组酵母乙肝疫苗对新生儿免疫效果的评价

目的研究新生儿接种国产5μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗的免疫效果及影响因素。方法从东莞市石碣医院预防接种门诊登记的,2005年7～12月出生的,按规定接种程序完成乙肝疫苗接种的新生儿中随机抽取303名进行横断面调查研究。结果新生儿免疫后抗-HBs几何平均滴度（GMT）为（201.36±14.89）mIU/ml。母亲乙肝HBsAg阳性/阴性、母亲乙肝HBeAg阳性/阴性、男/女、是否出生低体重、是否早产、本地/外地的新生儿之间抗-HBs抗体GMT差别无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。抗-HBs阳转率为97.69%,达到卫生部规定的免疫成功率指标（85%）（t=6.19,P〈0.001）;母亲HBsAg阳性/阴性、HBeAg阳性/阴性的新生儿之间抗-HBs阳转率差别有统计学意义。新生儿HBsAg阳性率0.33%,母亲乙肝HBeAg阳性/阴性的新生儿HBsAg阳性率差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。免疫后母婴传播阻断保护率为96.16%。结论新生儿接种国产5μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗具有良好的免疫效果,与乙肝免疫球蛋白100 IU联合使用,有良好的母婴传播阻断保护作用。母亲乙肝感染状况（HBsAg、HBeAg阳性）是影响新生儿乙肝抗-HBs阳转率的危险因素;母亲乙肝HBeAg阳性是影响新生儿乙肝疫苗母婴传播阻断保护率的危险因素。     

乙肝疫苗无（低）应答加大剂量再免疫效果分析

目的探讨乙肝疫苗接种后无（低）应答者加大剂量再免疫的效果,以提高乙肝疫苗预防接种的保护率。方法对近3年已完成标准乙肝疫苗免疫接种程序至少一年、复查乙肝病毒标志物均为阴性的健康人群,随机地接受3种再免疫方案,按常规程序（0、1、6个月）予肌肉注射。A组40例：进口重组乙肝疫苗（安在时）,每次剂量40μg;B组40例：安在时,每次剂量20μg;C组40例：国产重组乙肝疫苗,每次剂量20μg。在首针乙肝疫苗接种前及接种后第1、2、7个月（T1、T2、T7）采血检测抗-HBs。结果T1时,进口40μg组、进口20μg组和国产20μg组复种后应答率分别为45．0％（18／40）、37．5％（15／40）和30．0％（12／40）,3组应答率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1．920,P=0．383）;T2和T7时,3组复种后应答率分别为67．5％（27／40）、47．5％（19／40）、40．0％（16／40）和77．5％（31／40）、55．0％（22／40）、50．0％（20／40）,进口40μg组应答率高于其余两组（χ^2为4．014～6．545之间,P均〈0．05）。T2和T7时,进口40μg组应答率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1．003,P=0.317）。各组患者复种后均未出现严重副反应。结论对乙肝疫苗无（低）应答者增加疫苗剂量加强免疫是有效的措施,抗-HBs应答率随疫苗剂量增加而提高。进口40μg组加强2针即可,加强3针未能较加强2针明显提高抗-HBs应答率。     

Significance of isolated anti-HBc seropositivity by ELISA: implications and the role of radioimmunoassay.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) are excellent markers for HBV infection and its immunity. The significance of isolated antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) seropositivity is not certain. To elucidate this, sera from 638 Chinese adult subjects, aged 18-52 years, seronegative for both HBsAg and anti-HBs, were tested for anti-HBc. Fifty-one (8%) were found to have an isolated anti-HBc seropositivity by ELISA, and all were negative for IgM-anti-HBc. The anti-HBc persisted in all subjects who attended follow-up for hepatitis B vaccination (n = 48) for a period of 8 months. These 48 subjects received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HB-VAX, 10 micrograms or 20 micrograms) at 0, 1, and 6 months: 72.9% developed a primary anti-HBs response (suggestive of a false-positive anti-HBc seropositivity), 4.2% developed an anamnestic or secondary anti-HBs response, and 22.9% did not develop an anti-HBs response. Increasing the cutoff point of the ELISA or reconfirmation with radioimmunoassay (RIA) reduced only a minor half of the false positives. This low specificity of anti-HBc ELISA/RIA, together with the high rate of anti-HBs response to hepatitis B vaccine, indicates that subjects with isolated anti-HBc seropositivity should be included in vaccination programs.     

Treatment with lamivudine and entecavir in severe acute hepatitis B

Background: Severe acute hepatitis B (SAHB) is an insufficiently described clinical entity, with relatively scarce data on anti-viral therapy available in field literature. Methods: We performed an open-label study to evaluate specific anti-viral therapy in SAHB in Bucharest, Romania, during 2005–2009. Patients were allocated to two treatment groups and one control group: Group 1 – lamivudine 100 mg/day, Group 2 – entecavir 0.5 mg/day and Group 3 – standard of care, without anti-viral therapy. The primary endpoint was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) seroconversion by 24 weeks. Additional analyses included assessment of HBsAg clearance and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) seroconversion. Results: In Group 1, 7/69 patients (10.14%, P = 0.032) reached HBsAg/Ab seroconversion by 24 weeks, compared with 9/21 (42.85%, P = 0.053) in Group 2 and 25/110 (22.72%) in Group 3. HBsAg clearance by 24 weeks: 16/69 patients (23.18%, P = 0.027) in Group 1, 11/21 (52.38%, P = 0.256) in Group 2 and 43/110 (39.09%) in Group 3. HBeAg/Ab seroconversion: 46/61 (75.40%, P = 0.399) in Group 1, 9/19 (47.36%, P = 0.001) in Group 2 and 74/100 (74.00%) in Group 3. Conclusion: Anti-viral therapy can be considered for managing selected cases of SAHB. Biochemical as well as virological parameters need to orient the choice of the anti-viral agent. Lamivudine displayed a greater decrease in viral load compared to controls, but it was associated with lower levels of HBsAg to anti-HBs seroconversion. Patients treated with entecavir showed a better response in terms of HBs seroconversion by 24 weeks.     

Multicenter trial on the efficacy of HBIG and vaccine in preventing perinatal hepatitis B. Final report

In an attempt to interrupt perinatal transmission of hepatitis B, 92 infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers (49 to HBeAg-positive mothers, 30 to anti-HBe-positive with abnormally elevated ALT levels, and 13 to HBeAg/anti-HBe-negative mothers) received 0.5 ml/kg BW of HBIG at birth and at 1 month of age. Three IM injections of hepatitis B vaccine were given at 3, 4, and 9 months of life. All babies who were given the three doses of vaccine developed an active anti-HBs response: of these, 53 (62.3%) had antibody titers higher than 1,000 mIU/ml, 29 (34.2%) had levels between 100 and 1,000 mIU/ml, and the other three (3.5%) were below 100 mIU/ml. At the end of the 2-year follow-up, these three poor responders became anti-HBs negative, whereas the others still had antibody. All but three babies were protected by HBIG plus vaccine treatment. Two chronic HBV infections occurred within 6 months of life presumably because the babies were already infected when prophylaxis started. The third baby became an HBsAg carrier at 9 months of age in spite of a previous response to the vaccine. Simultaneous presence of HBsAg of y specificity and anti-HBs (anti-a) was still detectable at 24 months of age. The vaccine was well tolerated. Passive plus active immunization is an effective procedure for preventing perinatally transmitted HBV infection.     

不同剂量乙肝疫苗与HBIG联合免疫阻断HBV母婴传播的效果对比

目的 探讨10 μg和20 μg乙肝疫苗与HBIG联合免疫阻断HBV母婴传播的效果.方法 124例HBsAg阳性孕妇所生的婴儿随机分为两组,即10 μg乙肝疫苗组和20 μg乙肝疫苗组.婴儿于出生6h内及30 d分别注射200 IU HBIG,同时分别于出生24 h内、1个月及6个月注射3次10 μg或20 μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗.检测婴儿出生时以及1岁时血清HBV标志物.结果 两组新生儿血清HBsAg、HBeAg及抗-HBe阳性率与滴度之间差别均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.所有新生儿血清HBV DNA水平均小于检测下限（500 U/ml）.出生12个月时,所有124例婴儿血清HBsAg和HBeAg检测结果均为阴性;血清HBV DNA水平均在检测下限以下;10 μg和20 μg乙肝疫苗组血清抗-HBs阳性率分别为90.3％和96.8％,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;抗-HBs水平分别为325.5±342.2 mIU/ml和463.7±353.3 mIU/ml,后者显著高于前者（P=0.01）.而且,20 μg乙肝疫苗组产生高应答抗-HBs（＞ 100 mIU/ml）的比例显著高于10μg乙肝疫苗组（P =0.035）.结论 20 μg乙肝疫苗联合HBIG方案阻断HBV母婴传播的效果优于10 μg乙肝疫苗联合HBIG方案.     

广州市应用乙型肝炎疫苗免疫22年人群血清学效果研究

目的评价广州市长期应用乙型肝炎疫苗（hepatitis B vaccine,HepB）对乙型肝炎（乙肝）免疫防病效果。方法在广州市全市12个区、县级市按照多阶段分层整群抽样法,以家庭为单位对1～59岁人群进行横断面调查分析,包括检测HBsAg、抗-HBs,对HepB接种史及主要乙肝感染危险因素进行问卷调查,评估人群HepB接种率,分析和比较不同年龄组、不同家庭感染状况下接种与未接种HepB人群乙型肝炎病毒感染指标,评价HepB免疫防病效果。结果 1～16岁年龄组乙肝疫苗全程接种率为88.11%（2535/2877）,17～59岁人群有乙肝疫苗免疫史为20.75%（470/2113）。在推行新生儿HepB接种纳入计划免疫管理后出生的1～16岁人群,HBsAg阳性率为1.29%,而出生时尚未开展HepB接种的20～59岁人群HBsAg阳性率为13.72%。1～16岁人群中有HepB接种史人群HBsAg阳性率0.99%,无接种史人群为5.56%,疫苗保护率为82.19%。20～59岁人群接种HepB,基本都不是在新生儿时期,疫苗保护率为52.01%。新生儿接种HepB,母婴乙肝传播阻断率为94.16%,并能有效阻断家庭内水平传播。结论长期实施新生儿接种HepB能控制、消除受种人群乙肝病毒感染,非新生儿人群接种HepB也能显著降低乙肝病毒感染率。     

Acute hepatitis B viral infection in a patient with anti-HBs.

We report a patient with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) but no antibodies to other hepatitis B virus components, who developed acute symptomatic type B hepatitis. The possible explanations for this unusual serological pattern are 1) the antibody-positive status, which developed against only a subdeterminant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), arose naturally or as the result of cross-reaction with a variety of antigens; and 2) seroconversion to anti-HBs occurred in response to surface antigen of a mutant strain of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This anti-HBs positivity, in the absence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, does not provide natural immunization against HBV infection, and so is not protective. Individuals who are positive to anti-HBs antibody alone which is not elicited by HBV vaccine, should be vaccinated against possible HBV infection.     

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus infection in korea

Serological evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) were assayed in sera from 112 Korean patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) and from 63 age- and sex-matched controls. Serological evidence of HBV infection was found in 100% of PHC patients and in 97% of controls. The majority of PHC patients (87%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In contrast, only 14% of control individuals were positive for HBsAg, but 82% were positive for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected in a high percentage (38%) of HBsAg-positive PHC patients, but in none of the nine HBsAg-positive control individuals. Serum AFP was detectable in 83% of PHC patients but in only one of 63 controls (1.5%). These results document that HBV infection may be the mjor factor in the development of PHC in this country.     

Immunoprophylaxis of perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus: efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine in a low-prevalence area

One hundred eleven newborn infants born of Spanish hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mothers were consecutively assigned to one of three treatment groups. Group A was treated with three or four doses of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in one of three different schedules. Group B received one dose of hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac-B, Pasteur) at birth and at 1, 2 and 12 months. Group C was treated with the same vaccination schedule as group B and in addition received a single dose of HBIG at birth. Comparisons were made in the 85 babies who had strictly completed the immunization schedule and had been followed for at least 12 months. The three immunization protocols were equally effective, since none of the children became a chronic HBsAg carrier or developed acute symptomatic infection. There were five transient and subclinical infections among children who received only HBIG (group A), one transient infection in group B, and one in group C. There seems to be some correlation between anti-HBs levels and degree of protection, since all transient infections in group A occurred in the subgroups who did not maintain protective antibodies during the first 6 months. Although the percentage of responders in the two vaccinated groups did not differ significantly, children who received only vaccine reached higher antibody levels than those who also received HBIG. Our results suggest that any immunization schedule able to maintain anti-HBs levels during the first 6 months of life would be useful to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of the hepatitis B virus in areas where most of the carrier women are expected to be anti-HBe positive and hence relatively less infectious.