乙肝病毒前C基因/C启动子变异与不同症状乙型肝炎患者的相关性

乙型肝炎的病情与宿主及病毒均有关。乙型肝炎病毒 (ＨＢＶ)Ｃ区编码ＨＢｃＡｇ及ＨＢｅＡｇ ,其调控序列位于前Ｃ区及Ｃ基因启动子 (ＣＰ) ,ＨＢＶ前Ｃ/ＣＰ区变异可以通过阻止或减少ＨＢｅＡｇ合成和分泌来影响宿主的免疫应答。我们采用聚合酶链反应 (ＰＣＲ)直接测序法 ,测定 4 5例慢性乙型肝炎和慢性重型乙型肝炎患者血清ＨＢＶ前Ｃ/ＣＰ区核苷酸序列 ,以探明ＨＢＶ前Ｃ/ＣＰ基因区变异的临床意义。材料和方法病例选择 :共 4 5例 ,其中慢性乙型肝炎 (Ａ组 ) 2 0例 ,男 12例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 2 1～ 5 7岁 ,其中ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性 6例 ,抗 Ｈ…     

重型乙型肝炎病人中乙型肝炎病毒C基因启动子变异的研究

目的　了解重型乙型肝炎（ 乙肝） 病人血清乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）ＤＮＡＣ基因启动子（ＣＰ） 的变异。方法　对用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ） 法扩增的血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ 直接测序。结果　７ 例亚急性重型肝炎病人的ＨＢＶ 分离株ＣＰ区分别有２～１２ 个替代变异，１ 例病人有１１ｂｐ 的碱基插入。ＣＰ变异主要发生于ＣＰ的第１ 和第２ 个ＡＴ丰富区，ｎｔ１ ７６２ 和ｎｔ１ ７６４ 的替代变异见于７ 例亚急性重型肝炎病人的４ 例中，是ＣＰ变异的热点，其中３ 例ＨＢｅＡｇ 阴性，说明和ＨＢｅＡｇ 阴性表型相关。ＣＰ的第３ 个ＡＴ丰富区、ＨＢＶ逆转录起始位点（ＤＲ１） 和前Ｃ基因、前基因组转录起始位点未见变异。结论　重型肝炎病人的ＨＢＶＣＰ区存在较多的变异，ＣＰ变异主要发生于和前Ｃ基因相关的第１ 和第２ 个ＡＴ丰富区，可能和ＨＢｅＡｇ 阴性表型相关     

乙/丙型肝炎病毒双重感染患者前C区终止变异低频率

目的了解乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）双重感染患者前Ｃ区基因变异，及其可能的临床意义。方法用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）与限制片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）来分析２５例ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均阳性（Ａ组）和３１例ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性但抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均阴性（Ｂ组）的慢性肝病患者前Ｃ区密码２８终止变异（终２８）。结果ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ双重感染患者（Ａ组）血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ第１次ＰＣＲ阳性率（１６％）明显低于单独ＨＢＶ感染组（６５％）（Ｐ＜０．００１）；前Ｃ终２８检出率（２８％）亦明显低于单独ＨＢＶ感染（６８％）（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论提示双重感染患者ＨＢＶ前Ｃ终止变异低频率可能与ＨＢＶ低水平复制有关     

孕产妇和新生儿血清乙肝免疫标志物与HBV—DNA检测结果的比较…

利用ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ出现先于血清其它血清学指标理论依据。采用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）对乙肝免疫标志物至少一项改变的２００例孕产妇、新生儿血清进行ＰＣＲ扩增，结果有１０８份标本ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性、总阳性率为５４％。其中ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性率８３．３％（７０／８４），ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率４８％（２４／５０），ＨＢｅＡｂ阳性率１０．５％（２／１９），ＨＢｓＡｂ９．８％（２／２２），可见ＰＣＲ早期诊断，判断其传染性，     

HBcAg/HBeAg对慢性乙型肝炎患者PBMC中Th1/Th2类细胞应答的影响

目的 探讨ＨＢｃＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ对慢性乙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣ中Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２类细胞应答的影响。方法 用套式ＰＣＲ法检测６４便慢性ＨＢＶ感染者ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＶＢ ＤＮＡ;分别用ＰＨＡ、ＨＢｃＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ体外培养;ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＰＢＭＣ产生Ｔｈ１类细胞因子（ＩＬ－２、ＩＦＮ－γ）和Ｔｈ２类细胞因子（ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－１０）的含量。结果 表明ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性组和阴性组相比,无论是在ＰＨＡ还是在ＨＢｃＡ     

血清乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原检测及其与病毒复制的关系

用抗Ｓ和抗前Ｓ１单抗的双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测１５０例慢性乙型肝炎患者、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）携带者和健康人血清中的ＨＢＶ前Ｓ１抗原，其结果和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）、乙型肝炎血清标志的检测结果进行比较。结果表明：前Ｓ１抗原在乙型肝炎病毒ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）阳性组中的检出率和相对滴度显著高于ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；在ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性组中，抗－ＨＢｅ阴性人群前Ｓ１抗原的检出率和相对滴度也显著高于抗－ＨＢｅ阳性人群（Ｐ＜０．０１）。前Ｓ１抗原和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检测结果的符合率达８０％，两者检出率的相关系数ｒ＝０．９８２６（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：血清前Ｓ１抗原和乙型肝炎病毒的存在关系密切。     

不同慢性肝病患者血清中乙型肝炎病毒DNA定量检测及其临床意义

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒ＤＮＡ含量的临床意义。了解乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）免疫标志不同状态的慢性肝病患者血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度及其临床意义。方法应用建立的竞争性聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法定量检测慢性肝炎（ＣＨ）５１例、肝硬化（ＬＣ）３６例、原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ）３８例的血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度。结果ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性的ＣＨ患者血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度为４．３６ｌｏｇ１０ＨＢＶＤＮＡ拷贝５０μｌ（下同），ＬＣ为４．５５，ＰＨＣ为４．４３，三组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；血清ＨＢＶ五项免疫标志均阴性或抗－ＨＢｓ阳性的慢性肝病患者中，有３７．５％患者存在低水平ＨＢＶ复制；ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性患者的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度总体上明显高于抗－ＨＢｅ阳性组，但其中部分患者的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度也很高。结论提示ＨＢＶ的复制状态与慢性肝病的病期无明显关系；在抗－ＨＢｅ阳性的患者中存在个体差异，故不能仅依据抗－ＨＢｅ阳转来判断ＨＢＶ复制减少或停止。     

乙肝患者血清抗－HBe效价与HBeAg阴性变异株出现频率关系的研究

利用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）结合寡核苷酸探针杂交的方法，对７７例抗－ＨＢｅ阳性的乙肝病人血清进行了乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性变异的分析，同时研究了血清抗－ＨＢｅ滴度与ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性变异出现频率的关系。结果１４例单独野毒株感染的病人，抗－ＨＢｅ平均效价为４．７９±１４．４５；１９例野毒株与变异株混合感染的病人，抗－ＨＢｅ平均效价为１２８．８３±２３．４４；１８例单独变异株感染的病人，抗－ＨＢｅ平均效价为２８．１８±３７．１５；２６例无ＨＢＶ复制的病人，抗－ＨＢｅ平均效价为８１．２８±２２．９１。单独野毒株感染组抗－ＨＢｅ效价显著低于混合感染组（Ｐ＜０．０１）及无ＨＢＶ复制组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示：高效价的抗－ＨＢｅ可能是选择ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性变异株的重要条件。在抗－ＨＢｅ效价高而ＨＢＶＤＮＡ仍为阳性的病人中，可能存在ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性变异株感染。     

套式PCR和原位杂交技术检测肝病患者单个核细胞？…

目的 了解慢性乙型肝炎（中度）和原发性肝癌（ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性）患者ＰＢＭＣ内ＴＴＶ ＤＮＡ存在情况。方法 采用套式ＰＣＲ以及原位杂交技术检测外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）内ＴＴＶ ＤＮＡ。结果 套式ＰＣＲＳＷＩＭ２６例慢性乙型肝炎（中度）患者ＰＢＭＣ内ＴＴＶ ＤＮＡ阳性７例。阳性率２６．９％,非常显著高于健康对照（Ｘ＾１２＝１４．３,Ｐ〈０．００１）;２１例原发性肝癌（ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性）虱ＰＢＭＣ内ＴＴ     

HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV前C区的序列分析

为了解ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者中ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区突变株流行情况 ,本研究对 31例ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性慢性乙型肝炎住院患者血清ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区序列进行了分析 ,血清标本采自广西南宁市各大医院 ,按 2 0 0 0年全国第 10次病毒性肝炎和肝病学术会议修订的“病毒性肝炎防治方案”诊断。其中男性2 5例 ,女性 6例 ,年龄为 18～ 36岁。ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗 ＨＢｓ、抗 ＨＢｃ、ＨＢｅＡｇ和抗 ＨＢｅ检测应由美国Ａｂｂｏｔｔ公司酶联免疫试剂盒 ;按常规法提取血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ ,并用美国Ｐｒｏｍｅｇａ公司ＤＮＡ试剂纯化 ;应用套式ＰＣＲ扩增ＨＢＶ…     

Evolution of precore/core promoter mutations in hepatitis B carriers with hepatitis B e antigen seroreversion

The evolution of precore stop codon mutation (A1896) and dinucleotide mutation (T1762/A1764) in the basic core promoter (BCP) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome during transient seroconversion and seroreversion of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) remains unclarified. Five HBeAg-positive HBV carriers who experienced transient seroconversion followed by seroreversion of HBeAg (Group I, 3.3%) and 3 HBeAg-negative HBV carriers with documented reversion of HBeAg (Group II, 2.5%) in a prospective cohort of 272 patients with chronic hepatitis B were thus identified. The sequential changes at the precore nucleotide 1896 and BCP dinucleotide 1762/1764 were determined by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. At enrollement, precore A1896 and BCP T1762/A1764 were noted in 4 (50%) and 1 (13%) of the eight patients. During a median follow-up period of 58 months (range: 31-76 months), 12 episodes of transient HBeAg seroconversion followed by seroreversion were encountered in Group I patients and 3 episodes of HBeAg seroreversion in Group II patients. Accompanying acute exacerbations were found in two-thirds of patients with either HBeAg seroconversion or seroreversion. Overall, precore nucleotide A1896 remained identical in 73% and 83% of the seroconversion and seroreversion events, respectively. BCP dinucleotide T1762/A1764 remained unchanged in 94% and 92% of the seroconversion and seroreversion events, respectively. At the end of follow-up, only one had both precore and BCP mutations. In conclusion, these data suggested that HBeAg seroreversion might be due to the lack of sustained precore and BCP mutations after HBeAg seroconversion. Although uncommon, HBeAg seroreversion can be associated with hepatitis exacerbation.     

HBV PC区和BCP区变异与Peg-IFNα-2b疗效的关系及治疗前后的变化

目的:探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前核心区(PC区)G1896A和基本核心启动子区(BCP区)A1762T/G1764A突变与聚乙二醇化干扰素α-2b(Peg-IFNα-2b)治疗应答的关系及相关变异在治疗前后的变化。方法:69例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者,接受48周Peg-IFNα-2b治疗并随访24周。PCR扩增每位患者第0周和第72周HBV PC和BCP区并测序分析突变情况,同时监测患者第0、4、8、12、24、36、48、60和72周HBsAg、HBeAg、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和HBV的DNA水平。结果:共14例患者检测为野生型(20.29%),55例患者检测为突变型(79.71%)。野生型较突变型HBeAg基线水平更高(P=0.024)。患者基线和72周时野生型、PC突变型、BCP突变型和PC+BCP突变型所占构成比发生明显变化(P=0.004)。野生型、PC突变型、BCP突变型和PC+BCP突变型患者在72周的HBeAg血清转换率和联合应答率差异均无统计学意义。结论:PC区和BCP区突变对HBeAg阳性B/C基因型CHB患者Peg-IFNα-2b治疗应答无明显影响,但治疗前后各突变所占构成比发生明显变化。     

HBV DNA及BCP、Pre-C突变株基因芯片检测方法的构建

目的　构建HBVDNA及BCP、Pre C突变株的基因芯片检测方法。方法　该基因芯片检测方法使用了PCR、寡核苷酸芯片二项技术 ,包含了对nt1896、nt 1899、nt186 2、nt176 4、nt176 2五个突变热点的检测 ,并用DNA测序法对该基因芯片进行验证。结果　该基因芯片检测HBVDNA方面结果与DNA测序法 10 0 %相符 ;检测突变株方面 14 6个位点两种方法结果相符 ,4个位点结果不相符 ,P >0 0 5。结论　该基因芯片具有便捷、高通量的特点 ,能同时检测多个BCP、Pre C突变位点。结果提示该基因芯片和DNA测序法检测结果阳性率相等 ,特异性与DNA测序法相当 ,检测混合株有更大优势 ,可用于临床检测。     

Influence of B cells in liver fibrosis associated with hepatitis B virus harboring basal core promoter mutations

The development of the liver disease in chronic hepatitis B with common viral variants can be determined through the interaction between the virus and the host immune response. B cells constitute half of the intrahepatic lymphocyte population with an impact on fibrosis. A proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) has been shown to have a co‐stimulatory activity on B cells. For this study HBV DNA was amplified and then sequenced to show the presence of the basal core promoter (BCP) mutations in the serum from 57 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The range of IgD‐positive B cells was detected by immunohistochemistry in liver biopsies; and patients serum was assayed for APRIL levels by enzyme immunoassay. Twenty‐seven patients (47.4%) harbored the A1762T‐G1764A BCP mutations. Coefficients of logistic regression showed that the effect of increasing IgD‐positive B cells in rising odds of the liver disease is the same in the patients with BCP mutation A1762T‐G1764A and in the patients without mutation, nevertheless the effect of APRIL is not similar in these two groups of patients. Logistic regression in patients with BCP A1762T‐G1764A mutations demonstrated that increasing one score of APRIL decreased the odds of fibrosis stage about 8%. These results suggest that in infection with viral variants of hepatitis B virus, the population of IgD‐positive B cells may play a decisive role in later stages of the liver disease which is reduced by APRIL in chronic hepatitis patients with BCP mutations. J. Med. Virol. 84:1889–1896, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Prevalence of precore mutants in anti-HBe-positive hepatitis B virus carriers in Germany.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore mutants are associated often with highly productive infection in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers lacking hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) but positive for anti-HBe, rendering serological identification of infectious individuals unreliable. Although considered initially to be limited mostly to the Mediterranean area, more recent studies suggest a significant presence of these mutants in northern European countries. The sequence of the precore region was determined and examined for mutations from HBV isolates of 99 German chronic HBsAg carriers positive for HBV-DNA and either HBeAg (n = 15) or anti-HBe (n = 84). In addition, clinical data of individuals carrying wild-type virus and those with precore mutants were compared. HBV precore mutants were found in more than half (44/84) of all HBeAg-negative, anti-HBe-positive virus carriers. There was no difference between carriers of wild-type and precore mutant HBV in the level of viremia or in the clinical course of chronic infection. In conclusion, HBV precore mutants are common in Germany and can therefore present a diagnostic problem for serological testing. However, precore mutants do not appear to have a detrimental effect on the course of chronic HBV infection.     

Hepatitis B virus genotypes and lamivudine resistance mutations in HIV/hepatitis B virus-coinfected patients

BACKGROUND: Differences in subtypes, hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg)-negative variants, and drug resistance mutations all seem to influence the clinical and therapeutic outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Information available on the prevalence and distribution of distinct HBV variants in HIV-positive patients is scarce. METHODS: All HIV-infected patients with persistent serum hepatitis B surface antigen and detectable HBV viremia were identified in a reference HIV clinic located in Madrid, Spain. HBV load, subtypes, precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) variants, and lamivudine (LAM) resistance mutations were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 81 HBV/HIV-coinfected patients (4.1%) were identified in a population of 1968 HIV-positive patients. Plasma specimens with detectable HBV viremia could be obtained from 62 subjects, and this was the study population that underwent further virologic characterization. HBV genotype distribution was as follows: A (n = 27), D (n = 27), E (n = 1), F (n = 2), and G (n = 3). Two patients had mixed HBV genotypes (A/E and A/F). HBV subtype A was predominant (74%) among patients infected through sexual contact, whereas HBV-D was most frequent (74%) among intravenous drug users (P < 0.001). PC/BCP mutants were more frequent in patients with HBV-D than in those with HBV-A (63% vs. 18%; P < 0.01). Median time on LAM was 40 months; patients with HBV-A tended to show LAM resistance mutations more often (53% vs. 44%) and to develop them earlier (35 vs. 45 months) than patients with HBV-D. The dual L180M + M204V/I mutant was the predominant resistance pattern, although a triple rt173V + 180M + 204V, which acts as a vaccine escape mutant, was found in 1 individual. In the multivariate analysis, patients with LAM resistance mutations were significantly more frequently HBeAg-positive and older than individuals with wild-type HBV. Hepatitis-delta was recognized in 13 (21%) of these 62 HBV viremic patients, with no association with specific HBV variants. CONCLUSION: Risk transmission group, age, and positive serum HBeAg are the main determinants of distinct HBV virologic variants, including HBV genotypes and LAM-resistant mutants, in HBV/HIV-coinfected patients.     

Prevalence of basal core promoter and precore mutations in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients and correlation with serum HBeAG titers

The A1762T and G1764A mutations in the basal core promoter (BCP) region and the G1896A mutation in the precore (PC) region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome are found commonly in HBeAg‐negative patients. Experiments in vitro suggest that BCP and PC mutation reduce and abolish HBeAg expression, respectively. In the present study, the prevalence of the BCP and PC mutations were determined in 207 patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B from China and correlated with the titers of serum HBeAg. None of the patients received antiviral therapy. The HBV genotype was determined by direct sequencing of the HBsAg gene. The BCP and PC mutations were detected by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The HBeAg titer was measured by the microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Fifty‐one of the 207 patients (24.6%) were infected with genotype B and the remainder with genotype C. The BCP mutations were detected in 103 patients (50%) while the PC mutation was present in 43 (20.8%). Thirteen patients (6.3%) harbored both BCP and PC mutations. No significant difference in the titers of HBeAg was found between patients infected with the two HBV genotypes, but the presence of either the BCP or PC mutation was associated with reduced HBeAg titer (P < 0.05). The presence of both the BCP and PC mutations was accompanied by even lower HBeAg titer (P < 0.05). These findings confirm that in patients with HBeAg, the BCP and PC mutations reduced the expression of HBeAg. J. Med. Virol. 81:807–814, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.