MSCT及其后处理技术在主动脉壁内血肿诊断中的应用

目的:探讨MSCT及其后处理技术在主动脉壁内血肿(IMH)诊断中的应用价值。方法:采用GE 16层螺旋CT对11例AIH患者行平扫和CTA扫描。将采集的薄层数据在AW4.3工作站上行MPR和VR重建。结果:A型IMH 3例,B型IMH 8例。MSCT主要征象为:11例主动脉壁新月形或环形增厚大于5mm,呈等密度或高密度,无内膜片撕裂及真、假两腔形成;主动脉粥样硬化7例;内膜钙化内移4例;内膜渗漏3例;穿透性溃疡3例。结论:MSCT结合MPR和VR重建技术能准确、直观地显示IMH的范围和其它并发征象,对临床诊断和治疗有重要的指导意义。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在主动脉壁间血肿的临床应用

目的探讨主动脉壁间血肿（IMH）MSCT表现和诊断价值。方法10例经多层螺旋CT诊断及临床证实的IMH,男6例,女4例。使用16层螺旋CT检查,应用多平面重建、最大密度投影和容积成像等后处理方法显示壁间血肿及穿透性溃疡。结果10例IMH中,A型2例,B型8例,其中2例局限于胸主动脉,6例累及胸腹主动脉（止于肾动脉上方2例,髂总动脉分叉上方2例,2例累及双侧髂总动脉）。MSCT表现为主动脉腔内新月形或环形充盈缺损,内壁较光整,钙化内膜片内移及局灶性尖角样穿透溃疡形成,主动脉腔内无明确内膜片显示。结论多层螺旋CT能为主动脉壁间血肿的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗提供准确的信息。     

主动脉壁内血肿的MSCT诊断

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断主动脉壁内血肿的价值.方法 收集主动脉壁内血肿12例,对其MSCT表现进行回顾性分析.结果 12例按Stanford分型,A型3例,B型9例.MSCT表现:主动脉壁呈新月形增厚12例,厚度为10～16 mm,增强后未见强化;内膜钙化斑块内移7例;穿透性溃疡征3例;内膜渗漏4例;合并胸腔积液5例,心包积液1例,左髂总动脉及髂外动脉夹层1例;3例治疗后随访可见主动脉壁内血肿厚度呈动态变化.结论 MSCT能清晰显示主动脉壁内血肿的部位、累及范围、厚度及有无并发症,对临床诊治有重要的指导意义.     

主动脉壁内血肿的64层螺旋CT诊断

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT诊断主动脉壁内血肿（AIH）的价值。方法：对25例主诉急性胸背痛患者进行64层螺旋CT检查（连续容积扫描）,均经临床及影像学检查诊断为主动脉壁内血肿。结果：25例AIH患者按Stanford分型,A型2例,B型23例。MSCT征象：25例均见主动脉壁呈新月形或环形增厚,厚度≥5mm,无内膜破裂形成的双腔主动脉征象。平扫呈高密度11例,高密度为主的混杂密度8例,等密度6例。21例见钙化内移征象,5例可见穿透性溃疡征,动脉粥样硬化性改变18例,内膜渗透3例,血肿分层征象2例。并发心包积液4例,胸腔积液16例,主动脉夹层3例,主动脉瘤2例。结论：MSCT能为主动脉壁内血肿的诊断和治疗提供重要信息,且便于治疗后随访观察,可以作为AIH的首选诊断及随访检查方法。     

急性主动脉综合征的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对急性主动脉综合征(AAS)的临床应用价值.方法 采用东芝Aquilion16层螺旋CT扫描机,对62例主诉急性胸背痛患者进行MSCT检查.结果 62例AAS患者,主动脉夹层(AD)41例,主动脉壁内血肿(IMH)12例,穿透性粥样硬化性溃疡(PAU)9例.MSCT能够显示3种疾病的特征性征象:AD可见内膜片和双腔征;IMH主动脉壁呈新月形或环形增厚≥5 mm;PAU为凸出于主动脉管腔外的造影剂充盈的龛影.结论 MSCT是一种快速、无创的检查方法,能为AAS的诊断提供重要信息.     

双源CT血管造影对主动脉壁内血肿的诊断价值

目的:探讨双源CT血管造影(DSCTA)对主动脉壁内血肿(IMH)的诊断价值。方法:选择36例临床诊断为IMH的患者,行DSCTA,利用多种后处理技术行主动脉全程重建并分析病变。结果:36例均获得满意图像,主动脉壁呈环形或新月形增厚,厚度5.5~18.0 mm,无破裂口及内膜片,未见"双腔"征象;其中Stanford A型7例,Stanford B型29例。结论:DSCTA对IMH的确诊、分类、分型及治疗方案的选择、疗效随访等具有重要的临床价值。     

主动脉不典型夹层转归的电子束CT研究

目的 电子束CT（EBCT）评价主动脉不典型夹层（或称为壁内血肿，IMH）的动态变化过程。方法 回顾分析2002年1月至2004年9月，23例经临床及EBCT诊断的主动脉IMH患者，均以胸痛或腹痛入院，21例为1-14d的急性IMH，〉14d的慢性IMH患者2例。患者EBCT检查≥2次，男19例，女4例，年龄30-81岁，平均57．78岁，随访时间4-405d（平均105．84d）。采用Imatron C-150XP型EBCT扫描机，连续容积增强扫描，层厚6mm，床进3．5mm或层厚3mm，床进3mm，扫描时间为0．1s。扫描范围自主动脉弓水平至左、右髂动脉分叉处，共140层。结果 4例A型IMH，其中3例分别于1．0、1．5、4．0个月完全吸收，1例无明显变化。19例B型IMH患者，完全吸收9例，部分吸收4例；无变化4例；进展2例，其中1例进展为真性动脉瘤。患者4-15d内短期随访血肿变化不明显或有加重，15-30d壁内血肿明显吸收，但溃疡随时间延长加重。结论 EBCT可作为IMH患者定期随访的检查，且根据病变的影像学特点提出最佳的治疗方案。     

主动脉不典型夹层的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对主动脉不典型夹层的诊断和临床应用价值.方法:采用东芝Aquilion 16层螺旋CT扫描机,对21例主诉急性胸背痛患者进行MSCT检查并诊断为主动脉不典型夹层.结果:21例按Stanford分型,A型5例,B型16例.MSCT所见主动脉壁内血肿的直接征象:主动脉壁呈新月形或环形增厚≥5mm,无内膜破裂形成的双腔主动脉征象.间接征象:钙化内移5例,穿透性溃疡征9例,主动脉壁粥样硬化改变13例,内膜渗漏5例.并发征象:心包积液3例,胸腔积液10例,主要分支血管受累3例,主动脉夹层6例,主动脉瘤2例.结论:MSCT是一种快速、无创的检查方法,能为主动脉不典型夹层的诊断和治疗提供重要信息.MSCT可作为主动脉不典型夹层的首选诊断及随访检查手段.     

单纯性主动脉壁内血肿的16层CT表现(附4例分析)

目的:探讨单纯性主动脉壁内血肿(intramural hematoma,IMH)的16层CT检查方法和影像表现。方法:4例单纯性IMH患者行16层螺旋CT平扫与增强扫描,使用心电门控,1例加扫静脉期。重组方法包括MPR、MIP和VR。结果:4例单纯性IMH均为B型。主要CT表现:主动脉壁呈半月形或环形增厚,CT平扫呈高密度,增强后无强化,1例静脉期强化;内膜钙化内移位2例;2例内膜多处渗漏。MPR、薄层MIP清晰显示血肿部位、厚度、累及范围及有无并发症。2例单纯性IMH采用内科保守治疗。2例IMH腔内隔绝术。结论:单纯性IMH的16层CT检查应包括平扫与双期增强。CT检查有助于单纯性IMH分型,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

主动脉壁内血肿的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的：分析主动脉壁内血肿（ aortic intramural hematoma , AIH）的CT表现,多层螺旋CT血管造影在诊断及其随访中的价值。方法回顾性分析17例AIH的临床及影像资料,并对其中13例有CT随访者进行前后对比。结果按Stanford分型,A型3例,B型14例。 CT主要表现为主动脉壁增厚,平均约7．55mm。增厚的主动脉壁CT值40～81HU不等,平均67．7 HU左右。6例主动脉壁内见穿透性溃疡形成。2例见主动脉壁钙化内移。13例随访中病变进展2例,好转3例,病情平稳5例;9例接受了手术或支架植入治疗。结论 MSCT在AIH的诊断及其随访中具有临床实用价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.