3.0 T磁共振扩散加权成像在直肠癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)在直肠癌诊断中的临床应用价值.资料与方法对50例直肠癌患者和17名无直肠病变的自愿者行盆腔T2WI和DWI,由两名放射诊断医师采用肓法随机进行MRI阅片后对比分析单纯T2WI与T2WI结合DWI对直肠癌诊断的特异性和敏感性差异,并对直肠癌和正常肠壁的表观扩散系数(ADC)值进行定量分析.结果两名医师单纯应用T2WI与T2WI结合DWI检出直肠癌的ROC曲线下面积(Az)值分别为0.873与0.978(P＜0.05)、0.905与0.986(P＜0.05).Kappa一致性检验表明两名医师具有良好的一致性(Kappa值分别为0.860和0.828,P＜0.05).直肠癌和其癌周正常肠壁ADC值的平均值±标准差分别为(0.93±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.40±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s,直肠癌与正常肠壁的ADC值间差异有统计学意义(t=17.43,P＜0.01).结论 3.0 T MR DWI能较直观地显示直肠癌,其作为常规T2WI的补充检查序列可以明显提高对直肠癌的检出率.     

磁共振弥散加权成像在子宫内膜癌的初步研究

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)在子宫内膜癌中的诊断价值.方法 正常妇女子宫45例,子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC) 35例,均进行横断面、矢状面常规MRI扫描及不同b值下(b=500、800、1 000 s/mm2)横断面及矢状位扩散加权成像,分别测量正常子宫体3层结构和子宫内膜癌病灶的信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)及表观扩散系数(appareent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值,膀胱的信号强度比(signal intensity ratio,SIR),并进行比较.结果 正常子宫三层结构的T2WI图像信号强度有差异,内膜层信号度最高,结合带最低;在DWI图像上内膜信号强度分别高于结合带和外带,结合带和外带的差异肉眼不易分辨.正常对照组子宫同一层组织在不同b值下所得ADC值之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);宫体内膜与结合带ADC值之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而宫体内膜与肌层、结合带与肌层ADC值之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).扩散图像中肿瘤SNR随着b值增加而逐渐下降.b=500 s/mm2时,正常子宫内膜与子宫内膜癌ADC值之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); b=800、1 000 mm2/s时,正常子宫内膜ADC分别为(1.541±0.148)×10-3mm2/s和(1.530±0.119)×10-3mm2/s,均高于EC病灶的(0.984±0.162) ×10-3mm2/s和(0.775±0.153)×10-3 mm2/s,两者之间的差异有统计学意义(F=32.919,P<0.01).但高分化子宫内膜样腺癌和中分化子宫内膜样腺癌的ADC值之间在不同b值间无统计学意义(P＞0.1).结论 b=800 s/mm2和1 000 s/mm2是子宫内膜癌成像的较佳b值.ADC值对鉴别正常子宫体内膜与子宫内膜癌有一定的参考价值,但对于鉴别不同分化程度的子宫内膜样腺癌仍有一定困难.     

MRI扩散加权成像ADC值在子宫肉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨MRI扩散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)值在子宫肉瘤诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析24例(包括3例平滑肌肉瘤、5例子宫内膜间质肉瘤、4例腺肉瘤、12例癌肉瘤)经手术病理证实的子宫肉瘤DWI及MRI表现,判断肿瘤的位置、大小、信号特点、强化方式、浸润深度、远处转移及分期情况,测量肿瘤实质部分及相应正常子宫肌层、内膜的ADC值.结果 肿瘤多表现为信号不均伴肌层浸润的软组织肿块,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2 WI为中等或高信号,增强多呈明显强化,DWI呈高信号,ADC值减低,本组子宫肉瘤ADC值0.87×10-3mm2/s,显著低于正常子宫肌层(1.59×10-3mm2/s)、内膜(1.73×10-3mm2/s),也显著低于文献报道良性病变的ADC值(1.44～ 1.55×10-3mm2/s).结论 ADC值在子宫肉瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要价值,结合MRI平扫及动态增强扫描能进一步提高对该病的诊断及术前分期中的准确性.     

相对表观扩散系数值在子宫内膜病变中的诊断价值

目的研究表观扩散系数(ADC)及相对表观扩散系数(r ADC)在子宫内膜良、恶性病变中的鉴别诊断应用价值。方法对24例子宫内膜癌,15例子宫内膜良性病变者和17例正常对照者行1.5 T磁共振成像检查并进行ADC值的测定(b值为800 s/mm2)。闭孔内肌作参比部位,分别测量子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜良性病变及正常分泌期子宫内膜的ADC值及r ADC值。将不同组别ADC、r ADC值相比较,进行统计学分析。结果子宫内膜癌ADC、r ADC值分别为(0.56±0.13)×103 mm2/s、0.65±0.12,显著低于正常子宫内膜的ADC、r ADC值(1.03±0.09)×103mm2/s、1.02±0.1和子宫内膜良性病变ADC、r ADC值(0.99±0.04)×103 mm2/s、1.1±0.16。利用ROC曲线对r ADC值进行分析,子宫内膜癌组与子宫内膜良性病变组相比较,曲线下面积为0.96,子宫内膜癌组与正常子宫分泌期组相比较,曲线下面积为0.93。结论 ADC值有潜力鉴别子宫良性病变与子宫内膜癌。以闭孔内肌作为参比部位,所获得的r ADC值可以很好地反映子宫内膜癌及子宫内膜良性病变的扩散特征。     

子宫内膜息肉与早期子宫内膜癌的MRI信号特征分析

目的 分析子宫内膜息肉与早期子宫内膜癌的特征性MRI平扫表现,以期在无需静脉注射对比剂的情况下,提高两者术前鉴别诊断的准确性。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的39例子宫内膜息肉和32例早期子宫内膜癌病人的MRI资料。采用独立样本t检验比较2组病人病变大小及DWI相对信号强度值。采用Pearson卡方检验分析2组病人MRI平扫信号特征,包括T2WI上病变内部信号特征(低信号纤维核心和高信号小囊),DWI上病变与正常肌层的信号强度差值,T2WI和DWI上病变周围线样高信号。结果与子宫内膜癌相比,子宫内膜息肉T2WI上有高信号小囊和低信号纤维核心表现者更多(P<0.05)。DWI上病变与子宫肌层信号强度差值比较,子宫内膜息肉(36.4±61.7)低于子宫内膜癌(229.8±94.8)(P<0.05)。子宫内膜息肉在T2WI、DWI上的病灶周边线样高信号表现均多于子宫内膜癌(P<0.05)。结论 子宫内膜息肉的MRI表现具有特征性,T2WI及DWI上病变周围线样高信号有助于鉴别子宫内膜息肉与子宫内膜癌。     

DWI和高分辨率T2WI结合在子宫内膜癌诊断和分期中的价值

目的评价扩散加权成像(DWI)和高分辨T2WI结合与常规T2WI对比,用于子宫内膜癌诊断和分期方面的能力及优势。方法共50例经病理证实子宫内膜癌患者,实验组:25例行DWI和高分辨T2WI结合扫描;对照组:25例行常规T2WI扫描。术前分别进行诊断与分期,与术后病理学结果进行统计学分析。实验组选取扩散b值800,对病灶信号强度观察及ADC值测量统计分析。结果实验组对于子宫内膜癌诊断和分期准确率为92%,对照组为68%,两组差别有统计学意义,实验组子宫内膜癌病灶DWI图像的信号强度明显增高,ADC值明显减低,均值为(0.78±0.06)×10-3 mm2/s)。结论与常规T2WI相比,DWI和高分辨T2WI结合在子宫内膜癌诊断和分期方面具有明显优势。     

3.0 T MR动态增强与扩散加权成像诊断子宫内膜癌肌层受侵的对比研究

目的 比较3.0 TMR动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)与扩散加权成像(DWI)术前评估子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度的准确性.方法 回顾分析2011年5月至2012年8月38例经手术病理证实为子宫内膜癌患者的术前MRI资料.MRI扫描包括:T2WI、DWI(b值为0,1000 s/mm2)及DCE-MRI.评估不同成像方法的子宫内膜癌肌层浸润情况,并与术后病理结果对照.通过SPSS 17.0统计分析软件,运用诊断实验方法计算子宫内膜癌肌层浸润的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性,并采用配对卡方检验确切概率法比较不同成像方法对肌层浸润的准确性.而不同成像方法判断肌层浸润的影响因素分析采用Fisher,s确切概率法.结果 T2WI诊断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润的准确性为73.7％,DCE-MRI联合T2 WI为84.2％,DWI联合T2WI为91.2％.DWI联合T2WI诊断肌层浸润的准确性要高于DCE-MRI联合T2WI和单独T2WI,其中DWI联合T2WI与单独T2WI之间差异具有统计学意义(P =0.014 ＜0.05).DWI评估肌层浸润时不受混杂因素的影响(P值均＞0.05),而肿瘤浸润宫角是DCE-MRI诊断错误的唯一影响因素(P =0.007 ＜0.05).结论 DWI在评估子宫内膜癌肌层浸润时具有与DCE-MRI相当的准确性,应作为子宫内膜癌患者的常规检查序列.     

3.0T磁共振DWI结合T2加权成像诊断前列腺癌侵犯膀胱

目的 探讨T2WI及DWI 2种成像序列对前列腺癌(PCa)侵犯膀胱的诊断价值.方法 68例经病理证实的PCa患者在行3.0T MR前列腺常规和DWI(b值分别为0、800 s/mm2)扫描后被诊断为PCa侵犯膀胱,所有患者均行膀胱镜检查.分析所有PCa癌灶、受侵膀胱和未受侵膀胱壁的MRI表现,比较其ADC值.采用5分制评分,将所得结果与膀胱镜病理结果对照,用SPSS11.5分别做受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析比较各组方法诊断的敏感度和特异度.结果 膀胱镜检查45例(66%)患者病理证实为PCa侵犯膀胱,PCa癌灶、受侵膀胱壁和正常膀胱壁的ADC值分别为(0.931±0.098)×10-3mm2/s,(0.963±0.155)×10-3mm2/s和(1.517±0.103)×10-3mm2/s,受侵膀胱壁的ADC值明显低于正常膀胱壁(P＜0.05),而PCa癌灶和受侵膀胱壁的ADC值之间无明显差异.分别应用T2WI和DWI诊断PCa侵犯膀胱的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)明显低于联合2种成像方法(P＜0.05).结论 PCa侵犯膀胱的ADC值明显低于正常膀胱壁;联合应用DWI和T2WI诊断PCa侵犯膀胱优于单独使用DWI或T2WI.     

正常子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌的扩散加权成像特点

目的探讨子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜不同周期及病理状态下的扩散加权成像的特点,研究表观扩散系数(ADC)及相对表观扩散系数(rADC)在子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断应用价值。方法对29例子宫内膜癌,9例子宫内膜良性病变者和26例正常对照者行1.5T MRI检查并进行ADC值的测定(b值为800s/mm2)。闭孔内肌作参比部位,测量正常子宫内膜及内膜癌的rADC值,将不同组别ADC、rADC值相比较,进行统计学分析。结果子宫内膜癌ADC、rADC值分别为〔(0.96±0.22)×10-3 mm2/s、0.72±0.22〕,显著低于正常子宫内膜的ADC、rADC值〔(1.39±0.27)×10-3 mm2/s、1.02±0.22〕和子宫内膜良性病变ADC、rADC值〔(1.33±0.18)×10-3 mm2/s、1.02±0.28〕。萎缩期子宫内膜ADC、rADC值〔(1.62±0.37)×10-3 mm2/s、1.16±0.27〕显著高于增生期〔(1.29±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s、0.98±0.19〕和分泌期内膜〔(1.27±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s、0.94±0.12〕。结论 ADC有潜力鉴别子宫良性病变与子宫内膜癌,以闭孔内肌作为参比部位,所获得的rADC值可以很好的反映子宫内膜癌及正常子宫的扩散特征。     

磁共振扩散加权成像对Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨表观扩散系数(ADC)值测量对Ⅰa 期子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌患者18例,子宫良性病变患者22例,其中子宫内膜增生9例,子宫内膜息肉8例,黏膜下肌瘤变性5例,所有患者均行 MRI、扩散加权成像(DWI)检查,采用单次激发的平面回波成像(EPI)序列,b 值为0 s/mm2和1000 s/mm2。结果Ⅰa 期子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜增生、子宫内膜息肉和黏膜下肌瘤变性的 ADC 值分别为(0.89±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.45±0.19)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.29±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.32±0.29)×10-3 mm2/s,组间差异有统计学意义(F =48.021 P =0.00,one-way NOVA ),两两组间比较(LSD)Ⅰa 期子宫内膜癌和各组良性病变间均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论ADC 值测量对Ⅰa 期子宫内膜癌有很好的鉴别诊断价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.