MSCT的MPR矢状位重建对慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床应用价值

目的探讨MSCT的MPR矢状位重建对慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床手术应用价值。方法对61例76耳慢性化脓性中耳炎行MSCT检查,在轴位HRCT及矢状位MPR图像上观察中耳结构及病变显示情况并与手术结果进行对照。结果矢状面MPR图像可良好显示颞骨结构及其周围结构的毗邻关系,对面神经鼓室段及垂直段、乙状窦板及颈静脉球等结构显示尤佳。在MPR矢状位重建图像上38耳中耳炎可见中耳骨壁及听骨链的“人”字形结构有不同程度的破坏。16耳(肉芽肿型5耳,胆脂瘤型11耳)面神经管破坏鼓室段12耳,乳突段4耳,其中3耳胆脂瘤型的面神经管鼓室段和乳突段均有骨质破坏;骨性半规管受累伴骨质破坏12耳;解剖变异有乙状窦前置8耳,乙状窦的前壁至外耳道后壁的最短距离约0.4～0.8cm,平均0.6cm;2例高位颈静脉球;均得到手术证实。结论矢状位MPR图像对慢性中耳炎累及面神经骨管损伤程度、位置及与周围位置的毗邻关系的显示具有重要的临床应用价值。     

SCT对慢性化脓性中耳炎诊断分型价值的研究

目的　探讨螺旋CT检查在慢性化脓性中耳炎诊断分型及治疗中的价值。方法　对 65例 79耳慢性化脓性中耳炎行螺旋CT检查 ,将轴位HRCT、冠状位MPR及听骨链 3D重建图像与手术结果对比分析。结果　轴位HRCT、冠状位MPR图像对慢性化脓性中耳炎诊断分型能力基本相同 ,但对中耳细微结构的显示有一定差异。 3DCT对锤、砧骨破坏的显示能力优于轴位HRCT及冠状位MPR图像 ,对蹬骨细微结构的显示则较后两者差 ,3DCT不能单独用于中耳炎的诊断分型 ,需与 2DCT图像结合 ,三者结合对中耳炎诊断分型与手术结果比较符合率高 (89.9%～ 97.5 % ) ,误诊率 (2 .9%～ 6.0 % )及漏诊率 (0～ 14 .6% )低。结论　螺旋CT 3种图像相结合有助于慢性化脓性中耳炎诊断分型及手术方案的制定。     

胆脂瘤型中耳炎对面神经管破坏的高分辨率CT评价

目的 探讨HRCT及图像后处理技术对胆脂瘤型中耳炎继发面神经管破坏的诊断价值.方法 对80例胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者进行颞骨轴位HRCT扫描,利用多平面重建(MPR)、双斜位MPR及曲面重建(CPR)技术进行面神经管重建.结果 71例患者为单侧胆脂瘤,9例为双侧胆脂瘤(共89耳).64耳发现面神经管骨质破坏,表现面神经管壁骨质模糊、缺损,以鼓室段最多见,占73.44%(47/64),Austin Ⅲ～Ⅳ度胆脂瘤累及面神经管的比例占87.5%(56/64),其中13耳为多节段破坏.手术发现39耳面神经管骨质缺损,破坏范围>5 mm占82.05%(32/39).结论 HRCT扫描及图像后处理技术能准确诊断中耳胆脂瘤继发的面神经管破坏,对临床手术有重要指导意义.     

多层螺旋CT多平面重组图像在胸骨骨折中的诊断价值

目的 探讨MSCT多平面重组(MPR)图像对胸骨骨折的诊断价值. 方法 回顾性分析48例胸骨骨折患者的MSCT资料,均对胸骨进行横断面MPR、矢状位MPR和冠状位曲面MPR (CPR)成像,比较不同方位MPR图像对不同类型胸骨骨折的诊断价值.结果 48例胸骨骨折中,矢状位MPR图像对骨折的检出率为100％,明显高于横断面MPR (58.3％)和冠状位CPR (83.3％)图像的检出率(P =0.000).对胸骨横断骨折,尤其是无错位的横断骨折,矢状位MPR图像明显优于横断面MPR和冠状位CPR图像(P =0.000).而对错位性骨折、斜行骨折和粉碎性骨折,三种方位MPR图像对骨折的检出率未见显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 MSCT的MPR图像可准确地检出胸骨骨折,尤其是矢状位MPR图像可避免对无错位横断骨折的漏诊.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎HRCT研究

目的研究慢性化脓性中耳炎HRCT表现及临床价值。方法回顾性分析手术证实慢性化脓性中耳炎118耳颞骨横断面、冠状面HRCT,并与手术结果对照。结果胆脂瘤型、骨疡型和单纯型中耳炎HRCT分型诊断的准确率分别为95.8%、94.1%、96.6%,特异性分别为98.4%、96.1%、95.8%,敏感性分别为92.9%、86.7%、97.9%。在鼓室和/乳突窦内有无软组织影,软组织影的形态,面神经管、骨迷路破坏方面,胆脂瘤型、骨疡型中耳炎与单纯型中耳炎之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),而胆脂瘤型中耳炎与骨疡型中耳炎之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏听小骨较骨疡型中耳炎常见(P<0.05),单纯型中耳炎均未破坏听小骨。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏鼓室盾板、鼓室盖的发生率高于骨疡型和单纯型中耳炎(P<0.05)。胆脂瘤型中耳炎破坏周围骨质边缘硬化高达92.9%,骨疡型中耳炎破坏周围骨质边缘毛糙高达80%。结论HRCT可准确显示中耳腔内软组织灶的分布、形态及听小骨、周围重要结构的破坏情况,在慢性化脓性中耳炎分型诊断及术前评估中有重要价值。     

64排CT不同重建方法对桡骨下端隐匿性骨折的诊断价值比较

目的比较多排螺旋CT不同重建方法对桡骨下端隐匿性骨折的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析42例桡骨下端隐匿性骨折患者的螺旋CT资料,均对桡骨下端进行轴位MPR、矢状位MPR、冠状位MPR、容积重建(VR)成像,比较不同重建方法所得图像对桡骨下端隐匿性骨折的显示情况。结果42例桡骨下端隐匿性骨折中,轴位MPR、矢状位MPR、冠状位MPR、VR图像对骨折的显示率分别为64.3%、90.5%、83.3%、52.4%。对桡骨下端隐匿性骨折,矢状位MPR及冠状位MPR优于轴位MPR及VR图像(P0.05)。矢状位MPR与冠状位MPR对桡骨下端隐匿性骨折的显示率差异无统计学意义(P=0.508),轴位MPR与VR图像对桡骨下端隐匿性骨折的显示率差异无统计学意义(P=0.267)。结论螺旋CT的MPR图像可准确地检出桡骨下端隐匿性骨折。矢状位MPR及冠状位图像显示骨折线更清楚,需重点观察,轴位MPR图像对骨折显示率低,VR图像对桡骨下端隐匿性骨折有时难于判断。     

中耳疾病的CT诊断及与传统X线的比较

目的 探讨ＣＴ在中耳疾病诊断中的应用及其价值。材料与方法 搜集本院经手术病理证实的中耳疾病４３例４６耳;慢性化脓性中耳炎３６耳,其中单纯型５耳,骨疡型（肉芽肿型）１０耳,胆脂瘤型２１耳（其中１耳为乳突根治术后复发）,中耳癌４例,中耳先天畸形６耳。所有病例术前均行双侧乳突Ｍａｙｅｒ’ｓ位和Ｓｃｈｕｌｌｅｒ’ｓ位摄片及螺旋ＣＴ轴位、冠状靶放大扫描。ＣＴ、平片所见与手术、病理对照。结果 ３６耳慢性化脓性     

CT多平面重组显示镫骨的方法及应用价值

目的探讨利用螺旋CT多平面重组(mu ltip lanar reform ation,MPR)技术显示镫骨整体结构的方法和临床价值。方法对50例无耳症状、体征的志愿者行平行枕眶线扫描,应用轴位图像行多方位的MPR。比较轴位MPR、冠状位MPR、矢状位MPR和镫骨斜位MPR显示镫骨整体结构的差异。测量镫骨斜位图像显示层面在轴位定位图像上与矢状面的夹角,在冠状位定位图像上与矢状面的夹角。先天性镫骨异常31例,全部病例经电测听检查均表现有不同程度的传音性耳聋,均行听骨链重建术。结果正常组轴位、冠状位、矢状位均未能显示镫骨弓的整体形态,镫骨斜位MPR图像均直观显示了镫骨弓的整体形态和结构。在轴位定位图像上,镫骨斜位MPR图像显示层面与矢状面的夹角为36°±8°,在冠状位定位图像上与矢状面的夹角为57°±6°。异常组31例,其中一侧小腿缺如3例;镫骨弓不发育3例;镫骨底板增厚与周围骨融合16例;镫骨底板上结构(小头、颈、小腿)完全缺如9例,斜位MPR图像均直观显示其病理改变,轴位、冠状位以及矢状位图像均不能准确显示镫骨发育不良的病理改变。结论镫骨斜位MPR图像,能显示正常镫骨整体结构和镫骨异常改变,对听骨链重建术的术前评价具有重要意义。     

MSCT斜轴位多平面重组图像在面神经管膝状窝及其周围骨折诊断中的价值

目的探讨MSCT扫描斜轴位MPR在面神经管膝状窝及其周围骨折中的诊断价值。方法收集经行颅中窝面神经减压手术证实的面神经管膝状窝或鼓室段近端骨折患者33例,回顾分析其术前CT图像,将术中所见与常规轴位、冠状位及斜轴位MPR图像所见对比。比较2种诊断模式(常规轴位及冠状位联合应用,常规轴位、冠状位及斜轴位MPR联合应用)对面神经管膝状窝及其周围骨折的诊断符合率。结果术前CT显示骨折线累及膝状窝或鼓室段近端22例(66.67%),其中常规轴位显示8例(24.24%),冠状位显示6例(18.18%),斜轴位显示20例(60.61%)。常规轴位或冠状位及斜轴位图像均能显示骨折线累及膝状窝或鼓室段近端10例,仅斜轴位显示12例,常规轴位、冠状位或斜轴位均不能显示11例。斜轴位MPR显示面神经管膝状窝或鼓室段近端局限性扩大26例(78.79%)。统计分析表明2种不同的诊断模式对膝状窝及其周围骨折诊断符合率有统计学差别。结论斜轴位MPR与常规轴位、冠状位图像联合观察可提高术前面神经管膝状窝及其周围骨折的诊断符合率。     

多层螺旋CT的多平面重建对眼眶爆裂骨折的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的多平面重建(MPR)对眼眶爆裂骨折的诊断价值.方法 80例眼眶爆裂骨折的患者行MSCT容积扫描得到常规轴位图像后,通过重建得到MPR图像.结果眼眶爆裂骨折的直接MSCT征象表现为:51例眶壁骨质连续性中断、4例可见粉碎骨折及25例眶壁骨质凹陷及曲度失常;间接征象为56例眶内软组织受压移位、8例见上颌窦内结节状或息肉状突起及34例副鼻窦内积液等.眶内壁骨折以横断面显示最佳(34/80),眶下壁骨折以冠状面及矢状面显示最佳(13/80),混合性骨折以冠状面图像显示最佳(4/80). 结论 MSCT容积扫描的多平面重建能全面、准确地诊断眼眶爆裂骨折,为临床治疗和评估预后提供重要的参考价值.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.