小肾癌的MRI诊断

目的:探讨小肾癌的MRI表现。方法:21例手术病理证实的小肾癌患者,肿瘤直径均为1.3～3.0cm,术前1个半月内行MRI检查,对MRI表现进行对比。结果:21例患者均被MRI检出,16例边界清楚,5例部分边界不清。18例病理检查有假包膜,MRI显示假包膜16例(16/18,88.89%)。平扫信号无特征性。11例MRI增强扫描中,4例不均匀强化,其增强程度低于肾实质;6例未见明显强化;1例为囊性,增强后囊壁及分隔有强化。MRI分期诊断准确率为80.95%(17/21)。结论:小肾癌MRI的信号复杂多变,假包膜的出现有助于诊断,静脉增强扫描信号取决于肿瘤血供。MRI有利于小肾癌的检出和分期。     

乏脂肪肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾细胞癌的CT鉴别诊断

目的探讨乏脂肪肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(RAML)与肾细胞癌(RCC)的CT鉴别诊断征象,提高乏脂肪RAML的诊断水平。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实并行CT平扫及双期增强扫描的乏脂肪RAML28例、RCC34例患者的资料。对各项CT观察指标进行统计学分析。结果单发或多发、病灶与皮质交角、假包膜及"黑星征"等4项CT观察指标在乏脂肪RAML与RCC组中的差异有统计学意义。结论病灶的单发与多发、与皮质的交角、假包膜及"黑星征"对两者的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

肾细胞癌的磁共振表现及病理对照研究

目的:探讨肾细胞癌(RCC)的MRI征象及其病理基础,评价其临床诊断价值。方法:41例RCC患者均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,其中10例行动态增强MRI扫描,并将MRI征象与手术病理表现对照分析。结果:肾透明细胞癌以等信号或长T1、长T2信号改变为主,颗粒细胞癌以长T1、长T2信号改变为主。MRI平扫,SE-T1WI和FSE-T2WI序列分别有21例和25例显示假包膜;对比增强扫描,38例RCC肿块明显强化,病理切片示其中34例细胞排列为实性,内含丰富的窦样血管;28例强化不均匀,病理切片示其中25例可见出血坏死;平均信号强度-时间曲线示肿瘤组织的最大强化斜率大于正常肾实质。结论:RCC的MRI表现与病理类型及肿瘤结构有关;假包膜征对诊断RCC有价值,不同MRI扫描序列和不同RCC细胞类型的假包膜征显示率无差异;动态增强MRI扫描对RCC的诊断有一定帮助。     

特殊病理类型肾脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的:探讨肾脏少见病理类型的血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT、MRI影像表现,提高对该病变的影像表现认识。方法:回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的肾脏不典型血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT、MRI影像资料,分析其病灶大小、部位、边界、CT平扫及增强表现和MRI信号特征以及肝、肾的伴发病灶等。结果:肿块来源肾实质,可突出肾轮廓或贯穿肾实质,边界光整;CT、MRI平扫肿块呈混杂密度或信号,MRT2WI病灶内可见与肌肉相似的稍低信号,肿块内常伴囊变、出血,可见假包膜、钙化,但均无明显脂肪密度或信号;增强扫描皮质期呈轻中度强化。结论:肾脏不典型血管平滑肌脂肪瘤CT、MRI表现多样,灶内无明显脂肪是其共性,病灶边界光整,MRT2WI病灶内见与肌肉相似的稍低信号影可提示诊断,但最后确诊仍需依赖病理。     

少脂肪肾错构瘤与肾透明细胞癌的CT及MRI鉴别分析

目的 :探讨少脂肪肾错构瘤(renal angiomyolipoma,RAML)与肾透明细胞癌(clear cell renal carcinoma,cc RCC)的影像特征,以提高术前诊断的准确性,为临床治疗提供有效的参考。方法:回顾性分析45例经手术病理证实的少脂肪RAML和cc RCC患者的临床及影像资料,其中少脂肪RAML 17例、cc RCC 28例。结果:17例少脂肪RAML中,CT平扫12例呈稍高密度,3例呈等密度,2例呈混杂低密度。增强扫描17例均匀强化,其中10例皮质期中度强化,4例明显强化;实质期及肾盂期持续强化,3例呈"快进快出"强化方式。9例可见"杯口征"和"劈裂征"。11例行MRI扫描,其中6例脂肪抑制T2WI呈不均匀低信号,5例脂肪抑制T2WI呈均匀低信号、T1WI呈等信号。28例cc RCC CT平扫14例呈低密度,8例呈等密度,6例呈混杂低密度;25例呈不均匀强化,呈"快进快出"强化方式,3例皮质期轻度强化、实质期及肾盂期呈渐进性均匀强化。6例行MRI扫描,脂肪T2WI呈混杂稍高信号、T1WI呈等低信号,3例有假包膜。结论 :少脂肪RAML的CT平扫及动态增强扫描表现具有一定的特征,结合MRI T2WI均匀低信号、双回波3D T1WI及DWI有利于少脂肪RAML与cc RCC的鉴别。     

乳头状肾细胞癌的CT和MRI特征

目的 分析乳头状肾细胞癌(papillary renal cell carcinoma,PRCC)的CT和MRI表现特征,以提高诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的17例PRCC的临床资料及CT和MRI检查结果,并与手术病理对照.结果 12例PRCC CT平扫肿瘤为均匀的等密度或不均匀的囊实性病灶,增强扫描皮髓期肿瘤实性部分呈轻度均匀强化;实质期强化程度高于皮髓期,病灶边界显示最清楚;分泌期病灶密度等于或稍低于实质期,7例PRCC MRI平扫T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈欠均匀低信号,增强扫描皮髓期及实质期轻度不均匀强化,肿瘤边界清楚,有完整假包膜.结论 PRCC与CRCC在CT、MRI上有不同的表现,具有一定的特征性,有利于提高其诊断的准确性,对PRCC的术前诊断具有重要作用.     

肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI表现特征

目的 探讨肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HEA)的CT、MRI表现特征,旨在提高对该病的认识和诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例肝脏HEA患者的CT、MRI资料,其中4例接受CT平扫+增强扫描,2例接受MRI平扫+增强扫描,2例接受CT、MRI平扫+增强扫描.结果 8例患者中,7例为女性,均为单发病灶,病灶最大径42～68 mm,边界均清楚.6例CT表现稍低密度,其中1例可见脂肪密度,2例片状低密度囊变区.4例病灶MRI表现为T1 WI呈稍低信号,1例在反相位可见信号减低,T2 WI呈稍高、高信号.8例增强扫描,7例动脉期明显不均匀强化,5例呈"快进慢出",2例呈"快进快出",1例呈"延迟强化".6例增强扫描见"中心血管征",2例见不完整假包膜.结论 HEA影像表现具有一定特征,动脉期明显不均匀强化、中心血管征、"快进慢出"强化方式及无假包膜表现有助于提示诊断,其确诊仍有赖于组织病理学及免疫组化检查.     

肾脏乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾癌的MRI鉴别诊断

目的:探讨乏脂肪肾脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾癌的MRI表现,提高对肾脏肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的15例肾脏乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与94例肾细胞癌的MRI资料.通过病灶的T2WI信号特征以及动态增强表现,分析病灶是否存在脂质、出血、坏死或囊变、假包膜、血管流空,与肾实质交界是否成角,并对两组肿瘤进行统计学检验.结果:病灶T2WI信号强度、与肾皮质交角、假包膜、坏死或囊性变发生率在两组中差异具有统计学意义,两组肿瘤的增强表现有差异.结论:MRI对乏脂肪肾脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤及肾癌的鉴别诊断具有重要意义,仔细分析其信号特征有助于做出准确的术前诊断.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的影像学特点与临床预后分析

目的探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤(solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas,SPT)的影像学表现及外科治疗后的预后情况。方法方对我院收治的手术治疗且术后病理证实的20例SPT患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 CT联合MRI可以准确发现胰腺肿物位置,CT平扫均显示为边界清楚的密度不均匀的,囊-实性或囊性、实性占位性病变,同时可以发现钙化灶;CT增强扫描实性部分及包膜呈中度强化,静脉期和延迟期呈持续强化,但强化程度低于正常胰腺组织。囊性成分呈液性,低密度,无强化。MRI检查显示边界清楚、信号混杂的囊-实性肿块。通过在T1WI、T2WI上显示的不同信号分辨囊性或实性成分;增强扫描可见包膜强化,随着不同时期,包膜的信号强化度不同。经过手术治疗后,患者获得长期生存,复发率低。结论通过影像学资料分析可确定最佳手术方案。     

乏脂肪性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现

目的探讨乏脂肪肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（RAML）的CT表现,以提高其诊断准确性。方法 14例RAML患者均经腹部CT平扫和动态增强扫描,对所有患者RAML病灶的数目、形态、密度、是否合并钙化以及强化型式进行回顾性分析,全部病例经手术和病理学确诊。结果多数病灶为边界清楚的圆形肿物,单发或多发,CT平扫多呈等或高密度影,本组病例未见瘤内钙化灶。所有患者的RAML病灶在动态增强的皮质期与实质期均表现为均匀的持续性强化。结论乏脂肪RAML病灶多表现为边界清楚的实性肿块,少有钙化。CT观察病灶的形态,密度及强化形式等特征性表现,有助于提高其定性诊断的准确性。     

Co-existent renal eosinophilic granuloma and renal adenocarcinoma

Localized renal eosinophilic granuloma has not been previously reported. In this patient there was osseous eosinophilic granuloma and a 1 cm hypervascular renal lesion which pathologically proved to be coexistent renal adenocarcinoma and eosinophilic granuloma.     

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and renal function

Renal function was studied before and after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in 79 patients. In a prospective study of 28 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis, renal function was similar during angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and after PTRA. In 37 patients with bilateral renal artery stenoses, 9 patients with solitary kidneys and renal artery stenoses and 5 patients with transplant renal artery stenoses, there was no statistical difference in the renal function before and after PTRA. Of the 79 patients studied, 50 had normal renal function before PTRA. In 5 of these renal function decreased, requiring temporary hemodialysis in 1. Of 29 patients with impairment of renal function due to renal artery stenosis, improvement was noted in 14, stabilization of renal function in 11, and decrease of renal function in 4. It is concluded that PTRA is a safe technique that can make life-long drug treatment unnecessary in antihypertensive patients. It can restore or stabilize renal function in renal insufficiency caused by renal artery stenosis. It has to be kept in mind that contrast medium toxicity and cholesterol embolization can induce severe renal insufficiency after PTRA.     

Hemorrhagic renal angiomyolipoma: Superselective renal arterial embolization for preservation of renal function

A 35-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis and known bilateral renal angiomyolipomas presented with shock due to massive hematuria arising from the left kidney. The cause of bleeding was diagnosed angiographically as arising from a left upper pole renal artery aneurysm within the tumor. Cessation of bleeding and clinical stabilization occurred without deterioration of renal function after superselective embolization of the dorsal segmental renal artery with a single 5-mm Gianturco coil.     

Primary renal angiosarcoma mimicking a renal cell carcinoma

Primary renal angiosarcoma is a very rare malignant tumor that closely mimics the more common renal cell adenocarcinoma (hypernephroma) in radiologic appearance. Both tumors are hypervascular masses and the diagnosis must be confirmed histologically. However, in the presence of a tumor with a capsular blood supply, and in the absence of venous invasion, the diagnosis of renal angiosarcoma may be suggested, especially in a patient with a new onset of consumption coagulopathy.