浙江畲族Kidd、Duffy血型基因型的调查

Kidd、Duffy血型系统是比较重要的血型系统之一,可引起新生儿溶血病、溶血性输血反应 等,其抗原的分布具有种族多态性[1].笔者用基因分型方法对浙江畲族人群的 Kidd、Duffy血型的基因型进行了调查,现报道如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 检测对象共90例,男40例,女50例,年龄26～83 岁,皆为3代无血缘关系的健康的浙江省景宁畲族自治县境内的畲族人.     

梅州市客家人群ABO、Rh、MN系统血型分布

为了解梅州市客家人群血型分布情况,笔者调查统计了7125名无偿献血者的ABO、Rh血型系统和405名无偿献血者的 MN血型系统,报告如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 调查对象梅州市客家地区无偿献血人群(父母双方上溯三代均为客家人). 随机抽样,不分性别和年龄. 1.2 试剂抗-A及抗-B单抗血清(长春生研所);抗-C、-c、-D、-E,抗-M、-N血清(广州血液中心);Polymatching试剂(Baso公司). 1.3 方法按<中国输血技术操作规程>(血站部分)进行.同时用标准红细胞作对照试验,以确认抗血清的可靠性.各血型系统基因频率的计算公式见文献[1]. 2 结果(见附表).     

新疆奎屯市哈萨克族人群ABO、Rh血型分布及基因频率调查

目的了解新疆奎屯地区哈萨克族人群ABO血型和Rh血型分布情况。方法采用试管直接凝集法分别检测ABO、Rh血型系统血型。结果268名受检者血型结果经χ2检验,无显著性差异,其分布符合Hardy～weinberg平衡,ABO血型分布以O型最多,O〉B〉A〉AB,基因频率为0．6108,民族指数为1．0326;Rh血型表现型中以CCDee型最多,占0．3545;基因组复合体频率CDe最多占0．595,基因频率D为0．8388。结论奎屯市哈萨克族人群ABO、Rh血型分布特点符合新疆地区哈萨克族血型分布特点。     

如何估计Rh血型期望值和Hardy—Weinberg吻合度

血型普查结果的正确与否，可信眼程度如何？必须经过统计学处理才能判断，其中明望值、基因频率和Hardy－Weinberg吻合度测验等是比较常选用的项目指标。现将有关公式及演算方法介绍如下。1Rh血型夫型及基因频率计算按文献[1]为例：调查了253名满族之Rh血型，其表型分布频率及特征为：CcDE－（104＝41．11％）＞CCDee（92＝36．36％）＞ccDE－（28＝11．07％）＞CcDee（21＝8．30％）＞CCDE－（5＝1．58％）＞ccDee（3＝1．19％）＞ccdee（1＝0．39％），其他表型均为0。1．1Rh血型基因频率计算公式[2]如下，依据表型1．2Rh血型组…     

ABO、MN、P、Rh和HLA 5种血型系统在亲子鉴定中的应用

血型是人类的一种遗传性状 ,它遵循孟德尔遗传学定律 ,常表现为简单的显性或隐性遗传。在一个家庭中 ,孩子的血型基因必定来自父母。因此 ,血型可以作为一种遗传标记用于亲子鉴定 [1 ] 。据文献报道 ,中国汉族人群利用 ABO、MN、P、Rh和 HLA5种血型系统进行亲子鉴定是可行的 [2 ] 。笔者在 1 999年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 2月间 ,采用 ABO、MN、P、Rh和 HLA 5种血型系统对深圳市 (主要是宝安、南山二区 ) 1 1 2例亲子鉴定案例进行了分析 ,现报告如下。1　材料和方法1 .1　案例来源　受公证处、律师事务所、公安、计生等部门委托 ,对入户…     

某地区抗Mur抗体分布频率的调查研究及输血策略

正目前人类血型有30余种之多,不规则抗体指除ABO血型系统以外的抗体,在日常输血工作中是常见的干扰试验因素[1]。由于未输注完全相配合血型,可产生MNSs血型系统的不规则抗体,其抗体可导致患者发生严重的输血反应,抗Mur抗体属于MNSs血型系统的不规则抗体[2]。国内外研究报道,东南亚部分地区稀有血型抗原的分布频率不相同[3]。现     

云南丽江纳西族ABO、MN、P、Rh血型的分布

为了解云南丽江纳西族ABO、MN、P和Rh血型分布情况，笔者于1998年5月对丽江纳西族自治县部分纳西族居民的ABO、MN、P和Rh血型分布进行调查，现将结果报告如下。     

贵州5个少数民族的血型分布调查

据2001年全国第5次人口普查公布的资料,贵州全省有48个少数民族,少数民族人口占全省人口的37.85%。为了解贵州苗族、侗族、布依族、土家族、仡佬族这5个主要少数民族的血型分布情况,笔者对其,ABO、Rh、MN、P血型系统作了调查,现将调查结果报告如下。 1 材料与方法 1.1 调查对象贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州、贵阳市及部份县的机关干部、工人、农民、学生,避免在同一家庭中采集2个标本,不分年龄性别,随机抽样。 1.2 标本采集全部从肘静抽血3～5ml,冷藏保存,送实验室待检。 1.3 标准血清抗-A、抗-B血清为调查用血清,本中心自制;抗-C、抗-c、抗-D、抗-E、抗-M、抗-N和抗P血清为上海市血液中心产品。 1.4 实验方法和基因频率计算按文献［1］方法进行,并作Hardy-Weinberg吻合度测验。     

达斡尔族谷胱甘肽S-转移酶GSTT1和GSTM1基因多态性

目的探讨内蒙古地区达斡尔族谷胱甘肽争转移酶（glutathione S-transferases，GSTs）GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性分布特点，为内蒙古少数民族基因型研究提供相关数据。方法采用内对照聚合酶链反应技术（PCR）和凝胶成像分析方法，对220例内蒙古地区达斡尔族个体的GSTT1、GSTM1基因缺失型频率进行了分析。结果GSTM1基因缺失型、GSTT1缺失型在内蒙古地区达斡尔族人群中检出频率分别为50．8％和71．4％。同时具有GSTM1缺失型和TSTT1缺失型个体的检出频率为31．4％。结论中国达斡尔族人群GSTM1、GSTT1基因呈多态性分布，与汉旅相比存在一定差异，与蒙古族相比差异无统计学意义。     

闽东畲族ABO、MN、P血型分布调查

闽东畲族ＡＢＯ、ＭＮ、Ｐ血型分布调查３５５０００福建省宁德地区第一医院陈则清畲族是我国５５个少数民族之一，闽东是畲族主要聚居区，笔者现将闽东畲族ＡＢＯ、ＭＮ、Ｐ血型分布的调查结果及血型分布的群体遗传特征，报告如下。１材料与方法１．１调查对象与资料来源...     

Meaning, values, needs, and multiculturalism in bereavement

Meaning, Values, Needs, and Multiculturalism in Bereavement A review of Personal Care in an Impersonal World: A Multdimesional Look at Bereavemenl, edited by John D. Morgan. Amityville, NY: Baywood, 1993. 261 pp. ISBN 0-89503-109-4. $31.95. Keviewed by Kevin Ann Oltjenhruns.     

Nutrition, exercise, work, and sex in pregnancy

This article focuses on the effect of daily living on pregnancy outcome. Although most patients can continue their everyday activities without any concern about effect on pregnancy outcome, all pregnant patients want and need their physician's advice about all of these areas.     

Pathophysiology of prenatal drug-exposure: in utero, in the newborn, in childhood, and in agencies

Medical communities are documenting an increase in the numbers of infants being born with prenatal drug exposure. Medical, educational, and social agencies are serving large numbers of these infants, toddlers, and their families. These infants and toddlers constitute a population whose short-term and long-term needs have not been adequately identified or addressed in the health, social, emotional, or developmental domains. This article discusses the pathophysiology in prenatal drug exposure and the role of the nurse when providing services to these infants, toddlers, and their families.     

Association between serum ferritin, hemoglobin, iron intake, and diabetes in adults in Jiangsu, China

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between iron status, iron intake, and diabetes among Chinese adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional household survey was carried out in 2002 in Jiangsu Province, China. The sample contained 2,849 men and women aged > or =20 years with a response rate of 89.0%. Iron intake was assessed by food weighing plus consecutive individual 3-day food records. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum ferritin, and hemoglobin were measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 18.3% in men and 31.5% in women. Mean hemoglobin and serum ferritin increased across groups with increasing FPG. The prevalence of anemia among women was 15.0% in individuals with FPG >7.0 mmol/l compared with 32.6% in individuals with FPG <5.6 mmol/l. There was a similar, however not significant, trend among men. In women, after adjusting for known risk factors, the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes was 2.15 (95% CI 1.03-4.51) for subjects in the upper quartile of hemoglobin compared with the rest, and the corresponding OR for the upper quartile of serum ferritin was 3.79 (1.72-8.36). Iron intake was positively associated with diabetes in women; fourth quartile intake of iron yielded an OR of 5.53 (1.47-20.44) compared with the first quartile in the multivariate analyses. In men, similar trends were suggested, although they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Iron status and iron intake was independently associated with risk of diabetes in Chinese women but not in men.     

Brotizolam, a triazolothienodiazepine, in insomnia

Sixty-three outpatients with chronic insomnia were treated for 3 weeks under double-blind conditions with either brotizolam (n = 29) at a dose of 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg or placebo (n = 34). A 3-day placebo period preceded and followed the double-blind treatment phase. Brotizolam consistently produced significantly more sleep improvement than placebo but also more adverse effects. In those patients switched abruptly from brotizolam to placebo, rebound insomnia was observed, being most marked at the first post-brotizolam placebo night.     

Peak expiratory flow in healthy,young, non-active subjects in seated,supine, and prone postures

Objective: To compare the PEFs in healthy, young, non-active subjects in seated, supine, and prone postures. Methods: A total of 30 healthy volunteers (15 male, mean age 22.7 years, non-smokers, sedentary) underwent a physical examination, spirometry to confirm normal pulmonary function, and PEF using the Mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter while wearing a nose clip. PEF measurements were repeated three times in each of three positions (seated, prone, and supine) in random order and differed by less than 20 L/min for a given position. Paired Student’s t-tests were used to analyze the results, and the significance level was set at 5%. Results: The PEF values obtained when the study participants were in a seated position (481.0 ± 115.1 L/min) were higher than those obtained when participants were in prone (453.7 ± 112.1 L/min) or supine (453.2 ± 114.3 L/min) positions (p < 0.05). No significant difference in PEF values was observed between the prone and supine positions. Conclusion: Body posture affects PEF in healthy, young, non-active subjects. PEFs are higher when subjects are in a seated position compared to prone or supine positions, but no difference in PEF is observed between the prone and supine positions.     

炎症、内皮、凝血与脓毒症

脓毒症临床特征主要表现为全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)与多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS),其病理过程复杂,涉及大量细胞、炎症介质与凝血系统的激活,其中内皮细胞功能的改变起着至关重要的作用.现就与内皮细胞有关的炎症、凝血在脓毒症中的作用,以及内皮损伤的分子机制和内皮在脓毒症治疗中的潜在价值进行综述.