Haemodynamic effects of magnesium lithospermate B in rats with renal failure

A study was performed to investigate the haemodynamic effects of magnesium lithospermate B in rats with renal failure. Urinary excretion of sodium and potassium was significantly increased by administration of magnesium lithospermate B. Blood pressure was significantly lower in the magnesium lithospermate B-treated group, compared with the control group. In addition, renal tissue blood flow and cerebral blood flow were significantly higher in the magnesium lithospermate B-treated group, with significantly reduced renal vascular resistance and cerebral vascular resistance compared with the control group. These results confirm that magnesium lithospermate B reduces renovascular hypertension by improving urinary electrolyte excretion and haemodynamics.     

Effects on blood pressure of caffeic acid analogues isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix in rats with adenine-induced renal hypertension

The effects of caffeic acid analogues isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix were examined in rats with adenine-induced renal failure and hypertension. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures were decreased after magnesium lithospermate B administration. Oral administration of lithospermic acid B also decreased these blood pressure values even though the effects were weaker than those of magnesium lithospermate B. However, rats given lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid or caffeic acid showed no appreciable changes in systolic, mean or diastolic blood pressure throughout the experimental period. Urinary excretion of both kallikrein and sodium was increased significantly in rats given magnesium lithospermate B or lithospermic acid B. These results indicate that the action of these compounds shows a structure-specific pattern.     

Effects of Dan Shen preparations on blood and urine components in rats with renal failure

Two Dan Shen preparations commercially available in China were given intraperitoneally to rats with renal failure in order to investigate their effects on blood and urine components. In rats given an injection of compound Dan Shen composed of Dan Shen and Jiang Xiang, effects similar to those found after administration of magnesium lithospermate B (the active constituent of Dan Shen) alone were observed. In contrast, in rats given noncompound Dan Shen containing almost no magnesium lithospermate B as revealed by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis, there was a significant decrease only in the blood levels of urea nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus.     

Magnesium Lithospermate B from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Ameliorates Aging‐Induced Renal Inflammation and Senescence via NADPH Oxidase‐Mediated Reactive Oxygen Generation

The present study was conducted to examine whether magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix was renoprotective in pathways related to age‐related oxidative stress in aged rats. Magnesium lithospermate B was orally administered at a dose of 2‐ or 8‐mg/kg body weight for 16 consecutive days, and the effects were compared with those of vehicle in old and young rats. Magnesium lithospermate B administration to old rats ameliorated renal oxidative stress through reduction of reactive oxygen species. The old rats exhibited a dysregulation of the expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys, and MLB administration significantly reduced the protein expression of major subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox4 and p22^phox), phospho‐p38, nuclear factor‐kappa B p65, cyclooxygenase‐2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In addition, MLB‐treated old rats showed lower levels of senescence‐related proteins such as p16, ADP‐ribosylation factor 6, p53, and p21 through effects on the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Magnesium lithospermate B administration also significantly attenuated the age‐related increase in serum urea nitrogen, reflecting renal dysfunction, up‐regulated podocyte structural proteins, and reduced renal structural injury. Our results provide important evidence that MLB reduces the renal damage of oxidative stress in old rats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

健脾排毒丸治疗腺嘌呤诱导大鼠慢性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

目的：观察健脾排毒丸对腺嘌呤诱导大鼠慢性肾衰大鼠的保护作用。方法：腺嘌呤诱导大鼠慢性肾衰模型，用健脾排毒丸干预30d，以肾功能及肾脏病理为观察指标。结果：健脾排毒丸可降低慢性肾功能衰竭模型大鼠的尿量、尿蛋白，并明显降低血中肌酐、尿素氮及胆固醇含量，病理学显示可减轻模型鼠肾组织的损害。结论：健脾排毒丸对腺嘌呤诱导大鼠慢性肾功能衰竭有较好的治疗作用。     

Decrease in uraemic toxins,a newly found beneficial effect of Ephedrae Herba

The levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, methylguanidine and guanidinosuccinic acid, which accumulate in the blood in parallel with the progress of renal failure after adenine administration, were decreased markedly and significantly in rats given Ephedrae Herba extract. Administration of the fraction III of Ephedrae Herba extract was found to be more effective than any of the other fractions in decreasing uraemic toxin parameters. Analysis of the fractions by means of thin layer chromatography revealed that the fraction III contains condensed tannin.     

真武汤对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾功能影响的实验研究

目的:观察真武汤对实验性慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾功能的影响。方法:采用“单肾切除加腺嘌呤灌胃法”建立大鼠慢性肾衰竭模型。予真武汤灌胃治疗。每周测体重2、4h尿量和24h尿蛋白,给药4周后处死取血测SCr、BUN、血钙、血磷、红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量。结果:真武汤在24h尿蛋白量、SCr、BUN、血磷、血钙、血红蛋白方面的作用与模型组对比有改善。结论:真武汤对单侧肾切除后腺嘌呤性慢性衰竭大鼠的肾功能具有一定的改善作用。     

降氮煎剂对慢性肾衰大鼠肾功能的作用及其对尿酸的影响

目的研究降氮煎剂对腺嘌呤所致慢性肾衰竭大鼠模型的肾功能的作用及其对尿酸的影响。方法除空白组外,其他大鼠皆用腺嘌呤灌胃法来复制慢性肾衰竭的模型。将尿毒清作为对照组,按照体重层次将造模大鼠随机分为模型组,尿毒清组(给予尿毒清颗粒)及实验组(给予降氮煎剂),治疗14 d后,测试每组大鼠血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)及肾组织URAT1表达的水平。结果①实验组SCR、BUN、UA明显低于尿毒清组及模型组(P<0.05);②实验组肾组织URAT1蛋白表达明显低于尿毒清组及模型组(P<0.05),而尿毒清组与模型组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论降氮煎剂可以显著降低Scr、BUN、UA及肾组织URAT1水平,具有改善肾功能及独立降低尿酸的作用。     

Effect of magnesium lithospermate B on urinary prostaglandins in rats with renal failure

Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 showed a significant increase following administration of magnesium lithospermate B [1] in rats with renal failure. In contrast, that of thromboxane B2 showed a significant decrease, indicating the improvement of renal failure.     

Uraemic toxin reduction: A newly found effect of hydrolysable-type tannin-containing crude drug and gallotannin

The levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, methylguanidine and guanidinosuccinic acid, which accumulate in blood in parallel with the progress of renal failure after adenine administration, were decreased significantly in rats given Galla Rhois, Moutan Cortex or Paeoniae Radix extract. Administration of Galla Rhois extract was found to be more effective than the other two crude drugs in decreasing the uraemic toxin parameters. A uraemic toxin-decreasing effect similar to that of crude drug was also obtained using 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose.     

The nephroprotective effects of the herbal medicine preparation, WH30+, on the chemical-induced acute and chronic renal failure in rats

In this study, we evaluated the renal protective effects of a Chinese herbal preparation WH30+ in male Wistar rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure and adenine-induced chronic renal failure. WH30+ is a Chinese herb preparation composed of Rheum Palmatum, Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Cordyceps Sinensis, Leonurus Sibiricus, Epihedium Macranthum, Radix Astragali, and Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, which has been used to treat kidney deficiency in human. An acute renal failure and chronic renal failure rat model were introduced by glycerol injection (i.m.) and fed with adenine-excessive diet, respectively. WH30+ was administered to rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day from 10 days before the diseases were induced until the rats were sacrificed. A reduction in body weight (p < 0.01) was observed in rats with chronic renal failure, but there was no difference between treatment groups. However, the body weight of rats with acute renal failure without treatment was significantly lower than those treated with WH30+ (p < 0.05). Overall, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were elevated significantly (p < 0.01) in renal failure rats compared to control. Treatment with WH30+ improved both serum creatinine and urea nitrogen slightly in both models. The WH30+-treated rats with acute renal failure had significantly (p < 0.05) greater creatinine clearance than those without treatment. The results of the study show that WH30+ is more effective in the prevention of acute renal failure than chronic renal failure.     

刺络放血联合艾灸对肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能影响的实验研究

[目的]观察刺络放血联合艾灸对实验性慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能的影响。[方法]将54只大鼠随机分为3组:正常组、模型组、刺络放血联合艾灸治疗组(简称刺灸组)。采用腺嘌呤溶液灌胃复制慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠模型,刺灸组自造模之日起予刺络放血联合艾灸治疗21d,余动物不予任何治疗措施。以肌酐、尿素氮和肾组织的病理学变化为观察指标。[结果]21d后,模型组大鼠存活率45.5%,刺灸组大鼠存活率81.8%。模型组大鼠肌酐、尿素氮较正常组均明显上升,具有显著性差异(P0.01),刺灸组尿素氮较模型组有下降趋势,肌酐较模型组下降,具有差异(P0.01)光镜下肾脏组织病理提示模型组肾小管明显扩张,肾间质大量炎细胞浸润、肾间质纤维化,肾小管和间质可见黄褐色腺嘌呤结晶。刺灸组亦出现上述病变,病变程度较模型组轻。[结论]刺络放血联合艾灸具有减轻腺嘌呤致慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能损害和肾脏组织损伤作用的趋势。     

益肾化浊注射液对实验性慢性肾衰的影响

目的 :研究益肾化浊注射液的抗慢性肾衰作用。方法 :用 5 /6大鼠肾切除方法制成动物慢性肾衰模型 ,以给药前及给药后 4周、8周大鼠血尿素氮、血肌酐、内生肌酐清除率、尿蛋白、血甘油三脂、胆固醇为观察指标进行实验研究。结果 :益肾化浊注射液可明显降低 5 /6肾切除大鼠血肌酐、血尿素氮、尿蛋白 ,提高内生肌酐清除率。该药还有降低血甘油三脂、胆固醇的作用。结论 :益肾化浊注射液对慢性肾衰大鼠肾功能具有明显改善作用     

刺灸对腺嘌呤致慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能影响的研究

[目的]观察刺血和艾灸疗法对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠肾功能的影响.[方法]采用腺嘌呤溶液灌胃的方法复制大鼠慢性肾功能衰竭模型,以大鼠一般情况、肌酐、尿素氮和肾组织病理为观察指标.[结果]治疗28 d后,刺血组、艾灸组、刺+灸组大鼠肌酐、尿素氮均明显下降,较治疗前有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),而刺血组、艾灸组、刺+灸组较模型组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但刺+灸组肌酐和尿素氮均数值下降最多.光镜下肾脏组织病理提示刺+灸组能减轻肾小管一肾间质损害,修复肾脏组织,改善病理状态.[结论]刺+灸组对腺嘌呤致慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠有改善肾功能和修复损伤肾脏组织的作用趋势.     

Confirmation that tannin-containing crude drugs have a uraemic toxin-decreasing action

Nine crude drugs containing tannins were selected in order to examine their actions on rats with renal failure. The levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), methylguanidine (MG) and guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) were decreased markedly and significantly in rats given Ephedrae Herba. Chebulae Fructus and Geranii Herba produced the same effect on uraemic toxins as that of Ephedrae Herba. MG was significantly decreased by all tannin-containing crude drugs. However, there were no particular changes in these parameters after administration of non-tannin-containing crude drugs. The levels of urea nitrogen, Cr, MG and GSA showed a tendency to be increased in rats given Rehmanniae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Alismatis Rhizoma, but MG was decreased significantly in rats given Bupleuri Radix. Non-tannin compounds also produced no significant decreases in the levels of uraemic toxins.     

当归补血汤对腺嘌呤肾衰大鼠造血功能影响的实验研究

目的：探讨当归补血汤对腺嘌呤肾衰大鼠造血功能的影响。方法：建立腺嘌呤肾衰大鼠模型,观察口服当归补血汤后肾衰大鼠红细胞脆性改变,以及甲状旁腺素、中分子物质、红细胞总数及血红蛋白、血清肌酐和尿素氮含量变化。结果：当归补血汤可以明显降低红细胞脆性的增加,抑制骨髓甲状旁腺素、血清肌酐和尿素氮含量异常增加,降低血浆中分子物质总量含量,提高红细胞总数及血红蛋白含量。结论：当归补血汤对腺嘌呤肾衰大鼠造血功能改变具有调控作用。     

慢肾康延缓大鼠慢性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

目的:观察中药复方幔肾康延缓大鼠慢性肾功能衰竭(慢性肾衰)的治疗作用。方法:采用肾3/4切除法复制实验性慢性肾衰大鼠模型,用慢肾康加入饮水中进行用药,观察肾功能和肾组织形态及基质成分的变化。结果:与对照组比较,治疗组大鼠的尿蛋白、血尿素氮和肌酐值均显著降低;肾小球纤维化程度明显减轻,肾小球内纤维连接蛋白沉积减少。结论:慢肾康有减轻肾小球纤维化及延缓慢性肾衰进展的作用。     

Depressor effect of magnesium lithospermate B,a component of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix,in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The effects of magnesium lithospermate B on blood pressure were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures were decreased after magnesium lithospermate B administration, whereas the urinary levels of kallikrein, prostaglandin E₂, sodium and potassium were increased. The mechanisms of the depressor action of magnesium lithospermate B were discussed on the basis of these findings.     

Celastrol attenuates renal injury in diabetic rats via MAPK/NF‐κB pathway

The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal protective effect of celastrol on diabetic rats. Furthermore, the mechanism of its action was discussed whether it was related to MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway. There were a total of 36 rats. Six rats were randomly chosen as the control group. The remaining 30 rats were given 1% streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) and were randomly divided into five groups: the model control group, the low‐dose celastrol group, the high‐dose celastrol group, the Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides group, and the MAPK/NF‐κB inhibitor group. After 4 weeks of continuous administration, 24‐hr urine volume, urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine content were observed, and hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining of the kidney and liver were evaluated. p38MAPK was designated by immunohistochemical method, and NF‐κB p65 in renal tissue was detected by western blotting. Our results showed that celastrol could not only reduce contents of creatinine and urea nitrogen in blood but also reduce excretion of urinary protein in diabetic rats, improve renal pathological injury, and down‐regulate the expression of p38MAPK and NF‐κB p65. In conclusion, celastrol could protect kidney of diabetic rats by regulating the signal pathway of MAPK/NF‐κB, inhibiting inflammation and delaying renal injury.     

中药通腑固肾灌肠剂治疗大鼠慢性肾衰的实验观察

目的：观察通腑固肾灌肠剂对腺嘌呤致大鼠慢性肾衰的影响。方法：连续喂养０．５％腺嘌呤使ＳＤ大鼠产生氮质血症、毒素蓄积等类似于人慢性肾衰的症状。两周后,治疗组大鼠每天用中药通腑固肾灌肠剂（１３,６．５ｇ·ｋｇ^－１）灌肠连续２周后测定大鼠血尿素氮（（ＢＵＮ）,肌酐（Ｓｃｒ）,ＲＢＣ,ＨＧＢ,ＨＣＴ及肾脏病理学检查。结果：通腑固肾灌肠剂能明显改善大鼠肾衰症状,用药２周后使ＢＵＮ,Ｓｃｒ水平明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,有升ＲＢＣ,ＨＧＢ,ＨＣＴ趋势,给药组与模型组大鼠比较,肾重量减轻（Ｐ＜０．０１）,肾组织内结晶沉积物减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）,纤维组织增生减轻。结论：通腑固肾灌肠剂对大鼠肾衰有明显治疗效果。