脂蛋白(a)和C反应蛋白水平与维持性血液透析患者左室功能的关系

目的探讨脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与维持性血液透析(MHD)患者左室功能的关系。方法对71例MHD患者测定其血清CRP、LP(a)水平,根据LP(a)、CRP水平将患者分为LP(a)升高组[LP(a)≥300 mg/L]、CRP升高组[CRP≥8 mg/L],LP(a)正常组[LP(a)<300 mg/L]、CRP正常组(CRP<8 mg/L),所有患者用心脏彩色超声波测定左室功能的各项参数,并分别进行左室功能的评价。结果与左心功能正常组比较,左室功能不全组血清LP(a)和CRP水平明显升高(P<0.01)。结论 MHD患者存在慢性炎症状态,慢性炎症状态参与了MHD患者左室功能不全的发生。     

脂蛋白(a)对冠心病的致病性研究

目的分析血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]在冠心病发病中的作用。方法将入选的495例患者以Lp(a)水平300 mg/L为切点,分为冠心病组(270例)、非冠心病组(225例),Lp(a)300 mg/L组(174例)、Lp(a)≤300 mg/L组(321例),分析Lp(a)在冠心病发病中的作用。结果冠心病组血清Lp(a)均值为(310.09±253.73)mg/L,非冠心病组为(261.41±187.11)mg/L,冠心病组明显高于非冠心病患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Lp(a)300 mg/L组冠心病患病率明显高于Lp(a)≤300 mg/L组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Logostic回归分析显示,Lp(a)、LDL-C和Apo B同为冠心病独立危险因素。服用他汀类药物者与未服用他汀类药物者Lp(a)水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Lp(a)是冠心病的独立危险因素,在冠心病的发病中起着重要的作用。     

脂蛋白(a)与缺血性脑卒中的相关性分析

目的分析血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]与缺血性脑卒中发病的相关性。方法选取127例缺血性脑卒中患者作为研究组,并选择同期住院的非脑卒中患者307例作为对照组,比较两组患者的Lp(a)水平,分析Lp(a)在缺血性脑卒中发病中的作用。结果脑卒中患者的Lp(a)水平[(317.11±252.32)mg/L]明显高于非脑卒中患者[(264.34±197.55)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LP(a)300 mg/L患者脑卒中患病率(35.12%)明显高于LP(a)≤300 mg/L的患者(25.56%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05),高水平LP(a)组患脑卒中的风险是正常组的1.38倍;经多因素Logostic回归分析揭示,Lp(a)与年龄是缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。结论 Lp(a)是缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。     

维持性透析患者高脂蛋白(a)水平影响因素探讨

目的探讨血液透析患者脂蛋白（a）[Lp（a）]代谢紊乱机制,为寻找有效控制Lp（a）紊乱的方法提供理论基础。方法采用高分辨SDS-琼脂糖凝胶电泳联合免疫印迹法检测66例维持性血液透析（MHD）患者、51例终末期肾病（ESRD）患者和62例健康对照apo（a）表型,监测常见的影响Lp（a）水平的网素指标,统计分析并找出与维持性透析患者高Lp（a）水平密切相关的因素。结果LWM表型中,MHD组与ESRD组Lp（a）中位数浓度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但显著高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）。与健康对照组相比,MHD组、ESRD组相天指标肌酐（Crea）、清蛋白（Alb）、血红蛋白（Hb）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、胱抑素（CysC）检测结果差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。MHD组与ESRD组相比,Crea、CRP、CysC结果差异有统计学意义（P〈o．05）。LWM表型患者Lp（a）浓度与Alb、CysC存在相关性（P〈0．05）;HWM表型中与Lp（a）浓度相关的指标则是CRP和CysC（P〈0．01）。但就MHD组总体来讲,Lp（a）浓度与Alb和CysC结果相关（P〈0．01）。回归分析表明,就MHD组总体而言,apo（a）表型、Alb、CysC进入了回归方程,确定系数（r^2）为0．348,其中apo（a）表型对应的r^2为0．121,CysC埘应的,上为0．178,Alb埘应的r^2为0．049。结论导致维持性血液透析患者高Lp（a）水平的机制是多种因素共同作用的结果,而且不同表型的Lp（a）升高原因存在差异,临床上可考虑针对不同表型采取不同措施,以达到更好的治疗效果。     

高脂蛋白(A)水平与脑卒中发病危险因素的关系

背景流行病学及临床观察表明,脂蛋白(A)是一个新的脑血管病危险因素,与缺血性脑卒中关系较大.目的探讨高脂蛋白(A)水平与脑卒中的关系.设计病例-对照分析.单位中南大学湘雅医院神经病学研究所.对象选择1999-09/2002-03在中南大学湘雅医院神经内科住院的294例脑卒中患者.294例脑卒中患者分为脑梗死组159例,急性高血压性脑出血组135例.脑梗死组中动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死者109例,腔隙性脑梗死者50例.并选择来自门诊连续健康体检人员94例为健康体检组.方法采用夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定各组的血浆脂蛋白(A),并将动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者及急性高血压性脑出血患者分别按血脂各项正常与否(脂蛋白(A)除外)分成两组,血脂正常组与血脂异常组脂蛋白(A)水平比较采用独立样本t检验,采用多元线性回归法分析性别、高血压及血脂各项与脂蛋白(A)血清水平有无相关性.主要观察指标①动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死组、腔隙性脑梗死组和急性高血压性脑出血组及健康对照组间脂蛋白(A)的比较.②血浆脂蛋白(A)水平与血脂各项的相关性分析.结果所纳入的294例患者及94例正常对照组均进入结果分析.①动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死组、腔隙性脑梗死组和急性高血压性脑出血组及健康对照组间脂蛋白(A)的比较动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死、脑出血组患者脂蛋白(A)水平均较健康对照组增高(P＜0.05).动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死组脂蛋白(A)浓度较急性高血压性脑出血组高(P＜0.05);腔隙性脑梗死患者的脂蛋白(A)水平稍高于对照组,但差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).②血浆脂蛋白(A)水平与血脂各项的相关性分析血脂正常组与血脂异常组脂蛋白(A)水平比较采用独立样本t检验,显示两组脂蛋白(A)水平接近(P＞0.05).采用多元线性回归法分析亦显示性别、高血压及血脂各项与脂蛋白(A)血清水平无相关性. 结论高脂蛋白(A)可能是脑出血及动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的独立危险因素.     

老年陈旧性心肌梗死患者血清脂蛋白(a)与外周动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨老年心肌梗死患者血清脂蛋白(a)的表达水平及其与外周动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法将既往有陈旧性心肌梗死病史的40例老年高血压病患者进行血清脂蛋白(a)检测以及颈动脉超声、下肢动脉超声检查,并与40例无陈旧性心肌梗死病史的老年高血压病患者的上述检查结果进行比较。结果陈旧性心肌梗死组血清脂蛋白(a)为761.46 mg/L,显著高于无心肌梗死组[血清脂蛋白(a)为343.27 mg/L],P<0.05。结论陈旧性心肌梗死组患者血清脂蛋白(a)显著升高,其与动脉粥样硬化程度密切相关,应积极干预。     

新疆塔吉克族、哈萨克族健康成年人脂蛋白(a)水平及相关因素分析

目的了解我国塔吉克族和哈萨克族健康成年人脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]水平的分布情况及相关因素。方法横断面研究。于2021年5—10月和2022年3—6月, 分别在新疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县和富蕴县收集2 637名塔吉克族[男1 010人, 年龄(40.08±14.74)岁;女1 627人, 年龄(38.27±12.90)岁]和1 911名哈萨克族[男720人, 年龄(42.10±12.26)岁, 女1 191人, 年龄(40.30±10.28)岁]健康成年人的血液样本, 检测空腹血糖(FBG)、肌酐(Cr)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和Lp(a), 描述Lp(a)水平在不同性别和年龄人群中的分布情况, 比较塔吉克族和哈萨克族Lp(a)水平, 使用多因素线性回归分析两民族Lp(a)水平相关因素。结果塔吉克族人和哈萨克族人Lp(a)水平分布均呈偏态分布, Lp(a)水平范围分别为0.40～1 229.40 mg/L和0.62～2 108.58 mg/L, Lp(a)水平分别为78.90(38.60, 190.20)和103.30(49.57, 234...     

冠心病患者血清脂蛋白(a)水平临床分析

目的:评价血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]在冠心病(CHD)诊疗中的地位和作用。方法:取250例患者血清进行测定Lp(a)和总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),其中正常组63例,冠心病组89例,高血压病组52例,其它类心脏病组46例。结果:①冠心病组血清Lp(a)较其他3组均显著升高(P<0.01),高血压组和其它类心脏病组与正常组Lp水平比较,无显著统计学差异(P>0.05);②冠心病单支病变组、2支病变组、2支以上病变组各组间血清Lp(a)水平比较差异均有统计学意义;③冠心病非急性心肌梗死患者与急性心肌梗死患者血清Lp(a)浓度无明显差异(P>0.05);④多因素逐步回归分析表明,Lp(a)与TG、TC、HDL-C之间无显著相关。结论:高Lp(a)水平是冠心病的独立危险因子,对于预测冠心病的发生有一定的价值,但对于预测冠心病急性心血管病事件的发生却未见明显的优势。     

脂蛋白(a)增高的临床意义

大量的证据提示在几种心血管疾病的发生和进展中脂蛋白(a)[Lipoprotin(a),Lp(a)]的作用,本文涉及Lp(a)的增高与心血管病、Lp(a)增高的实验室过筛和Lp(a)增高的治疗.     

原发性高血压合并冠心病患者脂蛋白(a)的变化

目的 探讨原发性高血压(EH)合并冠心病患者血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]水平的变化及其临床意义.方法 选择老年EH患者159例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为单纯EH组73例和合并冠心病组86例,检测其空腹血糖、肌酐、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、LP(a)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算体重指数.结果 与单纯EH组相比,Lp(a)水平在EH合并冠心病组明显增高[(0.34±0.12)、(0.48±0.18)mmol/L,t=-11.367,P＜0.05],在EH合并冠心病组中随冠状动脉病变程度的加重Lp(a)水平呈增高趋势[单支、双支、多支及弥漫病变组分别为(0.34±0.14)、(0.46±0.15)、(0.66±0.12)mmol/L,F=31.842,P=0.012].结论 EH患者Lp(a)水平与冠心病的发生及其严重程度相关.Lp(a)作为冠心病的危险因素,可以预测冠状动脉病变的严重程度.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of lipoprotein(a)[LP(a)] in patients with essential hypertension(EH) and coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods One hundred and fifty-nine EH older patients were recruited in the study.Eighty-six elderly patients were diagnosed as EH combined with CHD,and 73 patients were diagnosed as simple EH.All patients were tested for the fasting blood glucose(FBG),creatinine(Cr),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),HDL-C,LDL-C,LP(a),and the body mass index(BMI) was calculated.Results Plasma Lp(a) increased(0.48±0.18)mmol/L in the EH combined with CHD patients,which were significantly higher than the increasing of(0.34±0.12) mmol/L in the simple EH patients(t=-11.367,P＜0.05).The level of plasma Lp(a) increased with the severity of the stenosis of the coronary artery(Lp(a):(0.37±0.14) mmol/L in single arterial branch stenoses,(0.46±0.15)mmol/L in double arterial branch stenoses,(0.66±0.12)mmol/L in triangle arterial branch stenoses,F=31.842,P=0.012).Conclusion The Lp(a) concentration in patients with EH are correlated with the occurrence and severity of coronary heart disease.As a risk of coronary heart disease,Lp(a) can predict the severity of coronary artery stenosis.     

维持性血液透析患者营养不良、炎症和心血管疾病的关系

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养不良、炎症和心血管疾病的发生情况及三者之间的关系.方法 67例MHD患者通过SGA评分、人体测量和血生化指标进行营养评估,测量高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)作为炎症标记物并记录心血管并发症.分析营养状况、炎症及心血管并发症的关系.结果 根据SGA评分营养不良的发生率为49.3％.营养不良组hs-CRP高于营养正常组(P＜0.05).hs-CRP升高者22例(32.8％),其白蛋白(ALB)水平低于正常者(P＜0.05).hs-CRP与SGA分值、ALB、血肌酐(Scr)负相关(P＜0.05).合并心血管并发症者ALB、preALB低于无并发症者,而hs-CRP高于无并发症者(P＜0.05).67例患者营养不良、炎症及动脉粥样硬化(MIA)综合征的发生率为17.9％.结论 部分MHD患者存在MIA综合征,营养不良与炎症相互影响,二者可能共同参与心血管疾病的发生.     

维持性血液透析患者死亡原因分析

目的 总结维持性血液透析患者死亡原因,分析其相关影响因素.方法 回顾性分析36例维持性血液透析患者死亡原因及其相关影响因素.结果 36例死亡的血液透析患者中,主要死亡病因为心血管事件15例(41.7％),脑血管意外7例(19.4％),感染7例(19.4％),上消化道出血3例(8.3％),恶性肿瘤2例(5.6％),原因不明2例(5.6％).与非心脑血管疾病死亡患者相比,死于心脑血管疾病的患者中合并糖尿病45.5％(10/22) vs 7.1％(1/14)(P＜0.05)、充血性心力衰竭54.6％(12/22) vs 14.3％(2/14)(P＜0.05)、左心室肥厚50.0％(11/22) vs14.3％(2/14)(P＜0.05)的比例较高,而血白蛋白的水平较低(31.9 g/L vs 36.3 g/L,P＜0.05).进一步进行logistic回归分析提示糖尿病、透析前充血性心力衰竭史、左心室肥厚可能是维持性血液透析患者死亡的危险因素.结论 持性血液透析患者的死亡原因主要为心血管疾病、脑血管疾病和感染.积极改善患者的营养状况,有效预防和干预糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭、左心室肥厚等并发症,可能有助于提高患者的早期和长期生存率.     

Lipoprotein(a) after acute exercise in healthy subjects

Some acute-phase proteins increase during exercise, and lipoprotein(a) has been considered an acutephase protein on the basis of an increase in its serum level after acute cardiovascular episodes or surgery. We found no significant effect of acute physical exercise (600 kpm/min for 20 min) on lipoprotein(a) levels in ten healthy subjects [pre exercise 6.25 (0.1–14), median (range), mg/dl; at the end of exercise 6 (0.1–12) mg/dl; 30 min post exercise 5.9 (0.1–23) mg/dl; 60 min post exercise 5.95 (0.1–11) mg/dl. This suggest that activation of the adrenergic system does not induce changes in lipoprotein(a) levels.     

Lipoprotein(a): structural implications for pathophysiology

The assembly between a low-density lipoprotein particle and apolipoprotein(a), a highly carbohydraterich protein, gives origin to a peculiar class of lipoproteins, only found in the hedgehog, primates, and humans, termed lipoprotein(a). Apolipoprotein(a), which shares a high degree of sequence homology with the fibrinolytic proenzyme plasminogen, is linked to the apolipoprotein B-100 component of low-density lipoprotein via a disulfide bond and confers distinct biochemical and metabolic properties to lipoprotein(a). Because of its peculiar structural features and the observed correlation between high lipoprotein(a) levels and the development of a variety of atherosclerotic disorders, this lipoprotein has become the focus of an intense research effort. Although accumulation of lipoprotein(a) in the vessel wall at sites of vascular injury has been clearly evidenced, the mechanism(s) by which lipoprotein(a) exerts its pathogenic effect in this milieu remain largely unknown. It has been hypothesized that the pathological effect of lipoprotein(a) is related either to its similarity to low-density lipoprotein (i.e., a pro-atherogenic effect) or to the apolipoprotein(a) similarity to plasminogen (i.e., a pro-thrombotic/anti-fibrinolytic effect). However, it is probable that both components contribute to the pathogenicity of lipoprotein(a). The fact that lipoprotein(a) levels are largely genetically determined, varying widely among individuals and racial groups, adds additional elements to the scientific interest that surrounds this lipoprotein. Both clinical and biochemical studies of lipoprotein(a) have been complicated by the high degree of structural heterogeneity of apolipoprotein(a), which is considered the most polymorphic protein in human plasma. Our aim in this paper is to provide an overview of the most salient structural features of lipoprotein(a) and their possible pathophysiological implications.     

Carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are important factors in mortality and morbidity of dialysis patients. Cardiovascular risk assessment is important in order to arrange the treatment strategies. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and various CVD risk factors in dialysis patients. METHODS: 22 HD and 54 PD patients were included in the study. Carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque score (PS) were obtained by B-mode ultrasonography for each participant. Uric acid, albumin, bilirubin, lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-l (apo A-l), apolipoprotein B (apo B), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin A, vitamin E, sialic acid (SA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were determined. The differences of the cardiovascular risk factors between the patients according to the treatment modality and the comparison of the risk factors as indicators of IMT and PS were investigated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in IMT and PS between the two groups. SA, TBARS, hs-CRP, total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, white blood cell (WBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels were significantly higher; albumin levels were significantly lower in PD group. In multiple regression analysis, only bilirubin for IMT and SA for PS were independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: SA can be a superior marker to hs-CRP in PD patients; however, hs-CRP seems to be a more valuable marker than SA in HD patients according to the correlation analysis. This study provides information and opportunity for comparison of relatively new cardiovascular risk markers in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients using carotid atherosclerosis as an objective assessment criterion.     

维持性血液透析患者抑郁障碍调查及相关因素分析

目的 调查维持性血液透析患者抑郁障碍发生情况并进行相关因素分析.方法应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表横断面调查规律性血液透析患者180例,将患者分为抑郁障碍组和非抑郁障碍组,同时收集患者的基本资料及实验室数据.结果 180例维持性血液透析患者中抑郁障碍的患病率为56.7%,抑郁障碍组的年龄、脂蛋白a、空腹血糖值、EPO/HCT比值显著高于非抑郁障碍组(t值分别为-3.343、-3.098、-2.826、-2.990,P均＜0.05),而血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、肌酐、尿酸、血红蛋白、红细胞压积低于非抑郁障碍组( t值分别为3.968、2.611、2.998、2.324、1.990、1.981,P均＜0.05).多元回归分析发现女性、脂蛋白a升高、空腹血糖升高为维持性血液透析患者合并抑郁障碍的危险因素.结论维持性血液透析患者抑郁障碍的患病率高;合并抑郁障碍的患者营养状态差,更易发生贫血;注意纠正患者的糖脂代谢紊乱.