重视MR组织学特征在心力衰竭中的临床价值

心脏MR（CMR）不仅是评估心脏结构及功能的金标准,而且其独特的组织特征成像（如钆对比剂延迟强化等）能够在体动态显示心肌充血、水肿、坏死和纤维化等病理学改变,特别是近年发展起来的参数定量技术能在心脏大体结构及功能改变之前更早地识别心肌微观结构重构。CMR这些特征对于心力衰竭病人的病因学诊断和预后风险评估有重要价值,对于临床前期心力衰竭高危病人的筛查也有巨大潜能。     

心脏磁共振在左心房评价中的临床应用与研究进展

左心房的结构和功能异常是心血管疾病的重要预后因素。心脏磁共振(CMR)作为一种无创性检查方法,具有较高的空间、时间分辨率及可重复性高等优势,已成为评估左心房结构和功能的金标准。心脏磁共振特征跟踪(CMR-FT)技术可以早期识别左心房的功能障碍,钆延迟强化(LGE)技术及T 1-mapping技术可以综合评估左心房纤维化,在评估左心房功能和协助诊断方面十分重要。虽然CMR新技术的应用越来越广泛,但依然存在一定的局限性。本文对心脏磁共振在左心房的临床应用与研究进展进行综述。     

心脏淀粉样变性的CMR评估及研究进展

心脏淀粉样变性（CA）是系统性淀粉样变性累及心脏引起心脏损害的一种严重的疾病。心脏磁共振（CMR）具有多方位、多参数、无创、无辐射、高软组织分辨力的检查优势,在CA的早期诊断及不同亚型的鉴别、临床风险分层、治疗后的心肌反应监测、心肌淀粉样蛋白负荷评估和预后评估中具有重要价值。就CMR在CA的心脏形态结构和功能、心肌应变、组织特征评估方面的应用研究进展进行综述。     

CMR在法洛四联症术后评估中的应用

心脏磁共振（CMR）是法洛四联症（TOF）术后评估的一站式影像诊断工具。随着四维血流CMR技术、CMR-特征追踪技术和纵向弛豫时间定量成像等新技术的发展和应用,CMR可以同时实现心肌运动、血流动力学及心肌组织定量评估,特别对于评价术后TOF（rTOF）早期的血流动力学改变,早期预判rTOF的功能异常,以及反映心肌纤维化与rTOF心律失常的关系是非常有价值的。就上述CMR新技术及其在TOF术后的应用进行综述。     

基于CMR致心律失常性右室心肌病心肌纤维化程度与心功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨致心律失常性右室发育不良/心肌病(ARVD/C)心室壁心肌纤维化程度与心室容积及心室功能变化的相关性,以期通过纤维化程度评估患者预后.方法 搜集依据最新ARVD/C诊断指南确诊并行心脏磁共振(CMR)检查患者的影像学资料,定量测量心室容积和功能,包括心室舒张末容积(EDV)、心室收缩末容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)、射血分数(EF)及心室舒张末容积指数(EDVI).并分别计算左心室壁、右心室壁及总体心肌纤维化指数,评估其纤维化严重程度.分析心肌纤维化指数与心脏功能指标间的相关性.结果 共35例患者确诊为ARVD/C且行CMR检查,CMR评估ARVD/C患者的LVEF为(48.39±11.10)％,LVEDVI为(111.14±28.66) mL/m2;RVEF为(33.51±13.19)％,RVEDVI为(174.74±64.36) mL/m2.CMR评估左心室壁心肌纤维化指数为(19.7±28.4)％,右心室壁心肌纤维化指数为(50.9±37.7)％,总体心肌纤维化指数为(26.8±28.9)％.左心室壁心肌纤维化指数与LVEF间呈负相关(r=-0.669,P＜0.01),右心室壁心肌纤维化指数与RVEF间呈负相关且相关程度高(r=-0.874,P＜0.01);总体心肌纤维化指数与LVEF、RVEF间亦均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.588(P ＜0.01)、-0.835(P ＜0.01).右心室壁心肌纤维化指数、总体心肌纤维化指数与右心室舒张末容积指数(RVEDVI)间均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.846(P ＜0.01)、0.847(P ＜0.01).结论 CMR可以全面评价ARVD/C患者心肌组织特征变化及心脏功能改变;CMR显示的心室壁心肌纤维化程度与心功能存在相关性,可以间接反映心脏功能的变化情况.     

糖尿病心肌病的CMR诊断及研究进展

心脏磁共振（CMR）成像技术具有多参数、多成像序列的特点,可以对糖尿病心肌病（DbCM）进行早期诊断,评价DbCM存在的心脏结构重塑、心脏整体和局部的收缩和舒张功能障碍、心肌灌注受损、心脏局部及弥漫性纤维化及心脏能量代谢和脂质异常,为病人的早期治疗及预后评估提供重要信息。就CMR对DbCM的心脏组织特征、风险评估和远期预后方面的诊断予以综述。     

心脏磁共振T1mapping技术评估肥厚型心肌病心肌纤维化

目的 基于心脏磁共振(CMR)T1 mapping技术定量评估肥厚型心肌病(HCM)心肌纤维化.资料与方法 回顾性收集2019年6月—2021年7月昆明医科大学第一附属医院45例HCM患者(HCM组)及44例CMR结果正常者(对照组)的临床及CMR资料,所有患者均行CMR检查,包括T1 mapping序列、延迟强化(L...     

心脏磁共振特征追踪技术在非缺血性心肌病中的临床应用进展

非缺血性心肌病(non-ischemia cardiomyopathy, NICD)是指非冠状动脉病变引起的一大类心肌疾病,与缺血性心肌病(冠心病为主)相比,发病隐匿,常与遗传、心肌代谢及心脏结构改变有关,早期可完全无临床症状,其终末阶段导致的心力衰竭严重威胁危害公众健康[1].心脏磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance, CMR)扫描技术经过几十年的发展,在 NICD 的诊断及预后评估中发挥了至关重要的作用.近年来新兴的心脏磁共振特征追踪(CMR-feature tracking,CMR-FT)技术能够无创定量评价整体及局部心肌组织形变,有助于早期诊断心脏疾病,并为评价心脏收缩及舒张功能提供重要参数指标[2 -5].因此,本文将对 CMR-FT在常见 NICD 中的临床应用及进展做一综述.     

心脏MRI在扩张性心肌病的成年病人中对心肌炎的诊断价值

目的使用心脏MR(CMR)和心内膜心肌活检术(EMB)对患扩张性心肌病(DCM)的成年病人的活动性心肌炎进行诊断评估。方法我们评估了23例慢性扩张性心肌病的成年病人,他们在(3.5±2.6)d内均顺利地接受了心脏MRI和心内膜心肌活检术两项检查。心内膜心肌活检术被认为是诊断的金标准。CMR在评估心肌炎的过程中使用的参数参     

MR组织追踪成像对肥厚性心肌病的评估价值

肥厚性心肌病(HCM)是青少年心源性猝死最常见的原因,在人群中具有较高的发病率及病死率,早期诊断与有效监测具有重要的临床意义。心肌组织特征追踪成像是一种心脏磁共振(CMR)新技术,能通过追踪心肌应力的变化情况来反映心肌舒缩功能状态。心肌肥厚与心肌纤维化是引起心肌应力改变的主要因素,也是HCM的主要病理特征。因此,心肌组织特征追踪成像可用于评估HCM。就该技术在HCM早期诊断、评估心肌纤维化及预测疾病预后等方面的研究进展及临床价值进行综述。     

心脏磁共振评估肺动脉高压的研究进展

肺动脉高压（PH）是一组恶性进展性疾病,可以导致右心衰竭甚至死亡,因此对其进行早期诊断和评估至关重要。心脏磁共振（CMR）作为评估心血管的“一站式”检查,不仅可以采用多参数对PH病人心脏结构、功能、血流动力学及心肌组织特征等进行评价,还可以鉴别不同类型的PH,在PH的诊疗评估中发挥着重要作用,特别是基于CMR的人工智能的应用更是成为PH临床实践的新方向。     

磁共振心功能电影序列快速多参数对比评估危重症STEMI患者的扫描技术探索

目的 阐述磁共振心功能电影序列(CINE)在危重症急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者扫描及后处理对比分析中的应用价值.方法 选取临床确诊的危重症STEMI患者1例,通过心脏磁共振成像(CMR)序列的快速优化组合,重点对比分析心功能成像序列,分享扫描经验和技术要点.结果 CMR全部检查时间仅为18 min,CIN...     

Diagnosis of coronary artery disease with dobutamine-stress MRI

Dobutamine-stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a new diagnostic tool for the non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease. Technological advances in CMR have evolved this technique to an adequate alternative to the standard cardiac stress tests. Its high reproducibility and excellent image quality of the anatomical features of the left ventricle and left ventricular function at rest and during stress make it an ideal technique for the comprehensive evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Besides its ability to detect myocardial ischemia, CMR has proved to be diagnostic for myocardial viability as well. A recent technical refinement in CMR using myocardial tagging has improved the diagnostic accuracy for myocardial ischemia even further. Dobutamine-stress CMR is used to identify wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle in patients with proven or suspected coronary artery disease [1-4]. Dobutamine-stress CMR has emerged as a highly accurate and safe diagnostic modality [1-4]. Recently, the use of high-dose dobutamine CMR in combination with the myocardial tagging technique has been reported, with excellent diagnostic results. The use of this new technique and the clinical applications are discussed.     

Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Demonstrated by Integrated Cardiac F-18 FDG PET/MR

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common condition defined as a diffuse or segmental left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with a nondilated and hyperdynamic chamber as well as cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac MR (CMR) imaging is a key modality for evaluation of HCM. In addition to the assessment of LV wall thickness, LV function and aortic flow, CMR is capable of estimation of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in affected myocardium which has been shown to have a direct correlation with incidence and severity of arrhythmias in HCM. In patients with HCM, LGE on CMR is presumed to represent intramyocardial fibrosis. Meanwhile, F-18 FDG myocardial PET has been sporadically studied in HCM, mostly for evaluation of the metabolic status of a hypertrophic myocardial segment, especially after interventions or to demonstrate partial myocardial fibrosis. We presented here the case of a 25-year-old male patient referred for simultaneous F-18 FDG cardiac PET/MR for the evaluation of septal hypertrophy. The PET/MR revealed myocardial fibrosis in the septum associated with FDG-defect and LGE.     

Cardiovascular MRI for the assessment of heart failure: focus on clinical management and prognosis

Cardiovascular MR (CMR) has an emerging role in the noninvasive diagnostic assessment of heart failure (HF). Different imaging sequences allow for a detailed assessment of cardiac morphology, function, myocardial perfusion, tissue characterization, and blood flow measurement. This article reviews the key applications of CMR in HF, with special focus on how CMR may influence the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of HF patients.     

The cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) approach to assessing myocardial viability

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a noninvasive imaging method that can determine myocardial anatomy, function, perfusion, and viability in a relative short examination. In terms of viability assessment, CMR can determine viability in a non-contrast enhanced scan using dobutamine stress following protocols comparable to those developed for dobutamine echocardiography. CMR can also determine viability with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) methods. The gadolinium-based contrast agents used for LGE differentiate viable myocardium from scar on the basis of differences in cell membrane integrity for acute myocardial infarction. In chronic myocardial infarction, the scarred tissue enhances much more than normal myocardium due to increases in extracellular volume. LGE is well validated in pre-clinical and clinical studies that now span from almost a cellular level in animals to human validations in a large international multicenter clinical trial. Beyond infarct size or infarct detection, LGE is a strong predictor of mortality and adverse cardiac events. CMR can also image microvascular obstruction and intracardiac thrombus. When combined with a measure of area at risk like T2-weighted images, CMR can determine infarct size, area at risk, and thus estimate myocardial salvage 1-7 days after acute myocardial infarction. Thus, CMR is a well validated technique that can assess viability by gadolinium-free dobutamine stress testing or late gadolinium enhancement.     

PET measurements of myocardial blood flow post myocardial infarction: Relationship to invasive and cardiac magnetic resonance studies and potential clinical applications

This review focuses on clinical studies concerning assessment of coronary microvascular and conduit vessel function primarily in the context of acute and sub acute myocardial infarction (MI). The ability of quantitative PET measurements of myocardial blood flow (MBF) to delineate underlying pathophysiology and assist in clinical decision making in this setting is discussed. Likewise, considered are physiological metrics fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve, index of microvascular resistance (FFR, CFR, IMR) obtained from invasive studies performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, typically at the time of PCI for MI. The role both of invasive studies and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in assessing microvascular function, a key determinant of prognosis, is reviewed. The interface between quantitative PET MBF measurements and underlying pathophysiology, as demonstrated both by invasive and CMR methodology, is discussed in the context of optimal interpretation of the quantitative PET MBF exam and its potential clinical applications.