骨小梁金属髋臼杯在全髋关节置换术中的应用及近期疗效

目的探讨应用骨小梁金属髋臼杯行全髋关节置换术的近期疗效。方法自2013-01—2015-01采用骨小梁金属髋臼杯行初次全髋关节置换治疗24例(26髋)髋关节疾患。采用Kawamura影像学评价标准观察骨长入情况。结果全部患者均获得平均16(6~28)个月随访,术前Harris髋关节评分为(46.6±10.2)分,末次随访时评分为(88.3±6.3)分,手术前后Harris评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。X线表现:2例术后发现透亮带,所有患者髋臼假体固定稳定,未出现明显假体移位、假体周围骨溶解征象。其中21髋发现在假体与界面之间有明显骨长入征象。并发症:4例术中出现股骨距裂缝骨折。结论采用骨小梁金属髋臼杯行全髋关节置换术假体骨长入明显,近期疗效满意。     

髋臼假体角度与全髋关节置换术后脱位的关系

目的研究人工全髋关节置换术（THA）髋臼假体安装固定角度与术后髋关节脱位的关系。方法在X线片测量236例（248髋）THA术后的髋臼外展角和前倾角,将外展角设定为〈30°、30-50°、〉50°3组,前倾角设定为〈0°、0-25°、〉25°3组。分析以上2个因素与术后髋关节脱位的关系。结果脱位组外展角平均（39±11．88）°,非脱位组为（38．98±8．65）°,两组之间外展角差异无统计学意义（P=0．449）;脱位组前倾角平均（12．33±14．89）°,非脱位组为（13．21±11．52）°,两组之间前倾角差异无统计学意义（P=0．131）°外展角在〈30°、30-50°、〉50°不同范围的脱位率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,前倾角在〈0°、0～25°、〉25°不同范围内的脱位率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论髋臼假体外展角在14～58°范围内、前倾角在-15～350范围内与THA术后脱位之间不存在相关性。     

陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术中困难及对策

目的分析陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术中可能出现的困难,研究避免其出现的对策.方法 2001年9月至2007年12月,我院共施行1019例陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术,其中男性585例,女性434例,平均年龄59.5岁(39～76岁);采用Stryker陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节362例,普鲁斯陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节544例,Lima陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节(三明治型)113例;术前诊断显示股骨头缺血性坏死314例,发育性髋关节脱位268例,骨关节炎194例,强直性脊柱炎74例,类风湿性关节炎107例.股骨颈骨折Garden Ⅳ型62例.结果术中出现的技术性困难,包括术中因关节稳定性不佳,需要调整髋臼杯位置34例;置放陶瓷内衬不当,需要取出重新安装19例;髋臼内衬置放时碎裂3例;截骨位置过低造成超过0.5 cm肢体短缩31例.结论针对陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术假体材料的特性,在手术操作技术上做出相应的调整,可避免可能会出现的困难.     

全髋关节置换术中髋臼假体放置的定向技术

全髋关节置换术是骨科临床的重要术式之一,其疗效取决于手术的细节,特别是假体的精确放置.由于髋臼解剖位置深在,骨盆的形状又不规则,给术中髋臼假体放置的定向造成一定困难.本文综合文献报道,将现有的髋臼假体放置的定向技术加以分类,总结加以综述.     

陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术中期随访结果的报道

目的分析陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术（THA）平均5年随访的临床结果。方法延长随访先前报道2001年9月至2007年12月本组进行的1139例（1208髋）陶瓷-陶瓷THA,包括Stryker陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节354例（368髋）,普鲁士陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节672例（727髋）,Lima陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节（三明治型）113例（113髋）。其中,男617例,女522例,平均年龄59.5岁（39~75岁）。术前诊断包括股骨头缺血性坏死334例,发育性髋关节发育不全238例,骨性关节炎335例,强直性脊柱炎84例,类风湿性关节炎87例,股骨颈骨折GardenⅣ型61例。至2011年3月,共有1017例病例获得随访。结果以翻修为终点的假体生存率为98.5%,并发症包括脱位11例,其中3例因为反复脱位而翻修;假体周围骨折5例,其中3例因假体松动而进行翻修;感染7例,均行二期翻修;陶瓷碎裂3例,2例进行了翻修,1例仍在随访中;异响3例,均未需要翻修。末次随访,平均术后Harris髋关节评分92.4分。在没有翻修的病例中,没有发现骨溶解的证据。结论陶瓷-陶瓷THA平均5年的中期临床结果满意。     

陶对陶与陶对聚乙烯假体在全髋关节置换术中的中期随访分析

目的：比较陶对陶（ceramic-on-ceramic,COC）与陶对聚乙烯假体（ceramic-on-polyeth-ylene,COP）在全髋关节置换术中应用的可靠性和耐用性。方法对77例接受初次全髋关节置换的患者进行回顾性研究,比较 COC 与 COP 两种不同假体术后髋关节功能及并发症。结果COC组与 COP 组术后髋关节 Harris 评分分别为92．6±5．1和91．3±4．2,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）;两者在翻修、脱位、陶瓷破碎、异响、松动、骨溶解、深部感染、异化骨化发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论COC 与 COP 假体均能获得较好的临床疗效,两者术后在髋关节功能及并发症方面疗效相当。     

陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术中大小直径股骨头的早期比较

[目的]分析陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术中分别应用不同直径的股骨头的临床效果,并作相应的比较.[方法]2008年9月～2009年10月,本院共施行136例(157髋)陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术,其中男59例(68髋),女77例(89髋),年龄27～81岁(平均61.3岁);均采用德国LINK BetaCupTm复合陶瓷界面非骨水泥压配固定髋臼系统进行全髋关节置换;术前诊断显示股骨头缺血性坏死76髋,发育性髋关节脱位46髋,骨关节炎15髋,强直性脊柱炎11髋,类风湿性关节炎3髋,股骨颈骨折GardenⅣ型6髋.术中根据髋臼磨挫直径大小选择相应的股骨头假体(直径分别为28,32,36 mm),根据股骨头假体的直径大小分为3组,Ф28 mm组69髋,(Ф32 mm组31髋,Ф36 mm组57髋,通过术前及术后的Harris评分了解髋关节功能及疼痛的改善情况.[结果]随访时间12～18个月(平均16.2个月),(Ф28 mm、Ф32 mm、Ф36 mm股骨头术前Harris总评分、疼痛评分、功能评分、活动范围评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05),术后Harris总评分、疼痛评分、功能评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05),每组术后Harris评分较术前明显改善(P<0.05),股骨头直径越大术后活动范围改善就越明显(P<0.05).[结论]陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术股骨头直径的选择对术后疼痛的缓解差异性并无影响,但在髋关节活动范围改善方面大直径的球头要优于小直径的球头.陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术对手术技术及患者自身条件的要求较高,不可盲目追求大直径而忽略髋臼的实际承载条件.     

陶瓷-聚乙烯全髋关节置换术临床应用回顾

无菌性松动仍是影响全髋关节置换术后假体存留的重要原因,完全避免使用聚乙烯作为假体材料或减少假体部件中聚乙烯磨损成为延长全髋关节使用寿命的关键途径.在众多人工髋关节界面选择中,陶瓷-聚乙烯组合有其独特优势.文献报道陶瓷-聚乙烯人工关节与金属-聚乙烯人工关节相比,能明显降低聚乙烯的线性磨损率和容积性磨损率.笔者过去10余年近3000例临床应用,也证实陶瓷-聚乙烯全髋关节置换的有效性和可靠性.陶瓷-聚乙烯全髋关节还有临床植入简便、无需改变手术习惯、无需特殊手术器械等优点,有着较广泛的临床适用范围.     

全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折研究进展

全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的发生率近年来不断增加,已成为继假体松动和复发性脱位之后导致髋关节翻修的第3位最常见原因。股骨假体周围骨折治疗难度大,手术失败率高,有一定致死率。认识并避免导致股骨假体周围骨折的危险因素,正确掌握各类型骨折的治疗原则,准确判断股骨假体的稳定性,并选择适当的内固定或翻修方法,是获得可靠治疗疗效的保证。     

大头陶瓷-陶瓷人工全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良

目的探讨大头陶瓷-陶瓷人工全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良的临床疗效。方法对51例先天性髋关节发育不良患者(62髋)行大头陶瓷-陶瓷人工全髋关节置换术,术后皮牵引固定,对疗效进行评价。结果 51例均获随访,时间20～63(35.1±6.2)个月。患者切口均一期愈合。2例术后出现股神经麻痹症状,3个月后恢复正常﹔1例出现轻度跛行。未出现脱位、感染、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症。术后患侧肢体较术前延长2～5 cm。术后5个月,患者均可下床活动且恢复日常生活及工作。根据Harris评分标准:疼痛评分术前为15～25(18.5±3.5)分,术后为33～42(38.1±2.6)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。髋关节功能评分由术前的9～18(15.4±2.3)分增加到末次随访时的37～45(40.3±1.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)﹔屈髋活动度术前为65°～120°(81.5°±10.1°),术后为92°～135°(118.5°±7.6°),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大头陶瓷-陶瓷人工全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良临床疗效满意。     

骨盆旋转对全髋关节置换术中髋臼假体安放角度的影响

目的：研究骨盆沿人体三维方向旋转对全髋关节置换术中髋臼假体实际安放角度的影响规律。方法：采集正常成人的骨盆CT影像学资料,采用电脑软件三维重建骨盆髋臼并模拟骨盆分别围绕与人体矢状面、横断面和冠状面垂直的X轴、Y轴和Z轴旋转时,以标准角度植入髋臼假体时测量臼杯的放射外展角（radiographic inclination,RI）和放射前倾角（radiographic anteversion,RA）。采用相关性分析量化各个轴向旋转角度与髋臼实际角度的关系。结果：骨盆沿X轴及Y轴旋转时对髋臼的RA影响较小,但对RI影响较大并呈线性相关,回归方程分别为RA=0.682 4X+10.256（r²=0.308 4）和RA=-0.714 1Y+10.424（r²=0.999 8）;骨盆沿Z轴旋转时对RA几乎无影响,但与RI呈线性相关,回归方程为RI=1.0Z+46（r²=1.0）。结论：骨盆的前后旋转或沿躯体的纵轴旋转均明显影响髋臼的前倾角,但对外展角影响较小;相反,骨盆在冠状面上的左右歪斜可明显影响髋臼的外展角,但不影响其前倾角。     

Harris-Galante Ⅰ非骨水泥型髋臼假体的中远期疗效分析

[目的]观察分析H/GI人工全髋关节置换术后髋臼假体中、远期疗效。[方法]对1992～2000年采用H/GI人工全髋关节置换术后髋臼假体置换21例(21髋)患者的临床病历和X线片进行回顾性研究。临床随访根据Harris进行评分,X线随访根据DeLee等髋臼分区进行观察。[结果]截止2010年5月10日,随访到19例(19髋),平均随访时间15年(10～18年)。19例中3髋臼杯进行了翻修,集中在术后9～12年。X线片示髋臼假体明确松动3髋、可能松动5髋,内衬磨损率为每年(0.27±0.10)mm。翻修手术中取出的假体表面的骨生长不满意。[结论]H/GI髋臼假体的中、远期疗效不满意。导致较高假体失效率原因包括内衬与金属臼杯设计不合理和过多的螺钉、螺钉孔有关的骨溶解与假体松动。     

Unsatisfactory results with a ceramic total hip prosthesis

We reviewed the results of forty-two total hip replacements that had been done with the self-locking Autophor ceramic total hip prosthesis in thirty-four patients. The patients ranged in age from twenty-five to sixty-seven years (average, forty-eight years). The diagnoses were avascular necrosis (eight patients), degenerative arthritis (nineteen patients), ankylosing spondylitis (one patient), post-traumatic arthritis (two patients), and rheumatoid arthritis (four patients). Seven procedures were revisions: five, of a loose cemented total hip prosthesis and two, of a loose noncemented endoprosthesis. No revision was done for infection. The length of follow-up ranged from twenty-seven to sixty-six months (average, fifty-one months). The patients were evaluated by physical examination, serial radiographs, and questionnaires. The hips were rated with the modified Harris hip score. At the time of follow-up, eleven of the twenty-seven patients who had had a primary hip replacement complained of at least moderate pain that limited activities; however, only three patients had to have a revision. The femoral components had a notable tendency to subside more than five millimeters, and in fifteen hips there was radiographic evidence of progressive loosening. Our experience with the self-locking Autophor ceramic total hip prosthesis has been disappointing. We no longer use it.     

Primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fracture

Objective:To explore the operative indications and operative methods of primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fracture and to observe the clinical curative effect. Methods:We retrospectively summarized and analyzed the traumatic conditions, fracture types, complications, operative time, operative techniques, and short-term curative effect of 11 patients(10 males and 1 female, with a mean age of 42. 4 years) with acetabular fracture who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. Results: The patients were followed up for 6-45 months (mean = 28 months). Their average Harris score of postoperative hip joint was 78. Conclusion:Under strict mastery of indications, patients with acetabular fracture may undergo primary total hip arthroplasty, but stable acetabular components should be made.     

全髋关节翻修术中髋臼假体的选择和髋臼骨缺损的处理

目的探讨全髋关节翻修术中髋臼假体的选择和髋臼骨缺损的处理。方法2002年1月至2007年6月收治资料较完整的全髋关节翻修术患者共55例，其中行髋臼假体翻修术的患者有36例，男8例，女28例；年龄52～86岁，平均73岁。左髋13例，右髋23例。髋臼翻修原因：髋臼假体松动20例，髋臼和股骨假体均有明显松动12例；头臼不匹配2例；髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例。髋臼骨缺损21例，按照美国矫形外科学会（AAOS）分类标准：Ⅰ型：节段性骨缺损6例；Ⅱ型：腔隙性骨缺损9例；Ⅲ型：混合型骨缺损6例。结果36例中，4例仅翻修髋臼侧假体，保留原股骨假体；3例更换了磨损严重的聚乙烯内衬，未予更换金属假体，其余29例均行全髋关节置换翻修术。髋臼骨缺损21例中，6例使用颗粒骨打压植骨＋骨水泥假体，2例为结构性和颗粒性打压植骨＋骨水泥假体，9例为结构性植骨＋颗粒打压植骨后，使用金属加强环＋骨水泥假体，1例为结构性植骨后，使用常规髋臼假体，3例仅对局部骨缺损部位进行植骨未予更换稳定的金属假体。随访时间6～68个月，平均39个月。Harris评分由术前的平均48分，提高至随访时平均89分。结论机械性磨损是人工髋关节松动翻修的主要原因；翻修时，假体的选择和骨缺损的处理要根据患者个体情况差异和术中具体情况综合考虑；周密的术前计划、准备多种类型髋臼假体供术中选择、充分自体和异体植骨是保证手术顺利进行的根本。     

Experimental and analytical validation of a modular acetabular prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty

A finite element model has been developed to predict in vivo micro motion between a modular acetabular cup and liner after cement less total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to experimentally validate the model. Six LVDT sensors were used to monitor the micromotion of the liner when subjected to loading conditions ranging from 250 N to 5000 N. Deformations at points of interest for both the experiment and FEM were compared. Results of the FEM with different coefficient of friction between the liner and the cup were investigated to correlate with the experimental results.     

Acute total hip arthroplasty for selected displaced acetabular fractures: two to twelve-year results.

BACKGROUND: We assessed the role of acute total hip arthroplasty in a selected group of patients with a displaced acetabular fracture and complicating features that greatly diminished the likelihood of a favorable outcome after open reduction and internal fixation. METHODS: Between 1985 and 1997, fifty-seven patients underwent an acute total hip arthroplasty for a displaced acetabular fracture. Patients were followed for a mean of 8.1 years (range, two to twelve years). The mean time from the injury to the arthroplasty was six days (range, one to twenty days). The mean age of the patients at the time of the arthroplasty was sixty-nine years (range, twenty-six to eighty-nine years). Indications for the acute arthroplasty included intra-articular comminution as well as full-thickness abrasive loss of the articular cartilage, impaction of the femoral head, and impaction of the acetabulum that involved >40% of the joint surface and included the weight-bearing region. RESULTS: At the time of the latest follow-up, the mean Harris hip score was 89 points (range, 69 to 100 points); forty-five patients (79%) had an excellent or good outcome. There were six cases of heterotopic bone formation, including one of symptomatic grade-IV ossification. During the initial six postoperative weeks, the acetabular cups subsided an average of 3 mm medially and 2 mm vertically. All of the cups then stabilized, and none were loose at the latest follow-up evaluation. Six patients had excessive medialization of the cup, but none had late loosening or osteolysis. Nine cups (16%) had notable polyethylene wear, but none were revised. No cup or stem had late clinical or radiographic evidence of loosening. There were three late procedures: one for revision of a malaligned cup because of recurrent dislocations, one for removal of hardware from the greater trochanter, and one for excision of heterotopic bone. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients with a displaced acetabular fracture that has a low likelihood of a favorable outcome after fracture treatment, an acute total hip arthroplasty may provide an alternative means with which to achieve a painless, mobile hip. These complex procedures are best undertaken by a surgical team with substantial experience with both acetabular trauma and hip arthroplasty.     

Patient-reported outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty: comparison of midterm results

The aim of this study was to compare the midterm functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). A cross-sectional postal audit survey of all consecutive patients who had a primary joint replacement at one orthopedic center 5 to 8 years ago was conducted. Participants completed an Oxford hip score or Oxford knee score, which are self-report measures of functional ability. Completed questionnaires were returned from 1112 THA patients and 613 TKA patients, giving a response rate of 72%. The median Oxford knee score of 26 was significantly worse than the median Oxford hip score of 19 (P < .001). In conclusion, TKA patients experience a significantly poorer functional outcome than THA patients 5 to 8 years postoperatively.