SOAR量表和ASTRAL量表评分对急性缺血性卒中患者1年不良预后的预测功能评价

目的:探讨SOAR和ASTRAL评分对急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者1年不良预后的预测价值。方法:纳入AIS患者807例,收集临床基线资料,同时应用SOAR和ASTRAL量表进行评分,并进行1年随访。以患者1年时出现死亡或功能残障(m RS≥3分)作为不良结局事件。通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)比较2个量表的预测价值。结果:最终纳入AIS患者772例进行数据分析,1年随访出现不良结局196例(25.4%),其中死亡68例(8.8%)。SOAR和ASTRAL量表预测AIS患者1年不良预后结局的AUC值分别为0.739和0.860(均P<0.001),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);SOAR和ASTRAL量表预测AIS患者1年死亡结局的AUC值分别为0.755和0.809,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:应用SOAR和ASTRAL量表能够较好地对AIS人群的1年不良预后进行预测;ASTRAL量表的预测能力优于SOAR量表。     

改良早期急诊预警评估量表在急诊内科患者的预后评估效果

目的:探讨改良早期急诊预警评估量表(MEWS)在急诊内科患者的预后评估效果。方法:选取2015年1月~2017年6月我院急诊内科收治的160例患者为研究对象,比较生存与死亡患者的MEWS及APACHEⅡ得分,采用ROC曲线分析两种量表预测死亡的曲线下面积(AUC),评估诊断价值。结果:生存组的急诊内科患者MEWS、APACHEⅡ评分均显著低于死亡患者(P0.05);MEWS≥5分入ICU比例及死亡比例显著高于APACHEⅡ评分≥15分比例;MEWS≥5分入HDU比例显著低于APACHEⅡ评分≥15分比例,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。MEWS预测急诊内科死亡的AUC为0.963;APACHEⅡ评分预测急诊内科死亡的AUC为0.778,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:MEWS评分对急诊内科患者的预后有一定预测能力,值得推广应用。     

iScore、PLAN和ASTRAL评分对急性缺血性卒中患者不良结局风险预测价值探讨

目的:探讨国外iScore、PLAN和ASTRAL评分对我国急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者3个月的不良结局预测价值。方法:前瞻性收集2012年12月至2013年8月在我科住院的AIS患者221例,记录有关基线资料,并使用3个量表进行评分。以卒中后3个月出现死亡或功能残障(改良Rankin评分≥3分)作为不良预后事件。通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)比较3个量表的预测价值;使用Hosmer-Lemeshow法判断模型的拟合优度;应用Pearson相关分析评估实际与预期结局事件的关联程度。结果:在AIS后3个月,71例(32.1%)出现不良预后。iScore、PLAN和ASTRAL评分的AUC分别为0.816、0.830和0.841;Hosmer-Lemeshow法x2值分别为1.676、5.976和12.858(均P>0.05);Pearson相关系数分别为0.899、0.857和0.939(均P<0.05)。结论:iScore、PLAN和ASTRAL量表对AIS患者3个月发生不良事件的风险预测能力强,与预期结局事件关联程度高。     

mSOAR评分对急性缺血性卒中患者不良预后风险预测价值的探讨

目的:探讨改良SOAR(Stroke subtype,Oxfordshire community stroke project classification,Age and prestroke modified rankin,m SOAR)评分对我国急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者出院时发生不良预后事件的预测价值。方法:分析2014年10月至2017年12月公利医院神经内科和急诊科收治的AIS患者1 461例,记录年龄、性别、牛津郡社区卒中项目(Oxfordshire community stroke project,OCSP)分型、卒中前改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分等信息,并于入院时使用m SOAR量表进行评分。所有患者出院时均行m RS评分,以出院时出现死亡或重度残疾(m RS≥4分)作为不良预后事件。结果:出院时382例(26.1%)患者出现不良预后事件。在m SOAR评分1~6分之间,每增加1分,患者出院时存在残疾的风险都会有显著增加(P0.001),出院时不良预后风险在m SOAR评分0~3分组与4~8分组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。m SOAR评分预测患者出院时不良预后风险时的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.868(95%CI为0.844~0.891)。结论:m SOAR量表对我国AIS患者出院时发生不良预后事件的风险预测能力较强。     

血清冷诱导RNA结合蛋白与脓毒性休克患者病情严重程度及预后的相关性

目的探讨血清冷诱导RNA结合蛋白(CIRP)与脓毒性休克患者病情严重程度及预后的相关性。方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2020年1月海南医学院第二附属医院急诊重症监护室(EICU)收治的脓毒性休克患者107例为研究对象。收集患者一般资料、急性生理和慢性健康状况评估系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭估计(SOFA)评分、CIRP、血乳酸(Lac)、血清肌酐(s Cr)、血白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(NeuR)及降钙素原(PCT)。根据患者28 d预后情况将其分为死亡组和存活组。采用Pearson相关分析探讨脓毒性休克患者CIRP与SOFA评分及APACHEⅡ评分的相关性;采用Logistic回归分析探讨脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线并评估各指标对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的预测价值。结果随访28 d后,25例(23.4%)患者死亡(死亡组),82例(76.6%)患者存活(存活组)。死亡组APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CIRP、血Lac、s Cr及PCT水平明显高于存活组(P <0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,脓毒性休克患者CIRP与SOFA评分及APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关(r=0.337,P=0.005;r=0.249,P=0.039)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,APACHEⅡ评分[OR=1.138,95%CI(1.066,1.214)]、SOFA评分[OR=1.326,95%CI(1.174,1.478)]、CIRP[OR=1.322,95%CI(1.141,1.502)]及PCT[OR=1.055,95%CI(1.003,1.108)]为脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的危险因素(P <0.05)。CIRP、SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分、PCT预测脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.915[95%CI(0.823,0.969)]、0.834[95%CI(0.726,0.913)]、0.798[95%CI(0.684,0.885)]、0.685[95%CI(0.562,0.792)]。CIRP预测脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的AUC大于SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分、PCT预测脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的AUC(Z=2.134,P=0.041;Z=2.348,P=0.026;Z=3.64,P <0.001)。CIRP的最佳临界值为2.6μg/L时,预测脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的敏感度为96.8%,特异度为73.7%。结论血清CIRP与脓毒性休克患者病情严重程度及预后密切相关,为28 d死亡的独立危险因素,可作为评价脓毒性休克患者预后的较好指标。     

全面无反应性量表和格拉斯哥昏迷评分量表对神经重症监护病房患者意识障碍和短期预后的评估价值比较

目的通过对意识障碍患者同时采用全面无反应性量表(full outline of unresponsiveness,FOUR)和格拉斯哥昏迷评分量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分,比较两个量表对患者意识障碍程度准确性及预后的评估价值。方法便利抽样选择2016年1月至2017年6月入住我院神经重症监护病房(neurological intensive care unit,NICU)的99例意识障碍患者作为研究对象。在患者入住NICU 72h内进行FOUR和GCS评分,比较使用GCS和FOUR量表评分所需时间以及其对患者意识障碍程度及预后评估的差别。结果两表评分所需时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且与意识障碍水平均呈正相关(P0.001);FOUR和GCS预测昏迷的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.897、0.913(P=0.5759);两表得分与改良Rankin量表评分均呈负相关(P0.001);FOUR、GCS量表预测住院期间死亡的AUC分别为0.766、0.729,预测住院期间是否残疾及死亡的AUC分别为0.703、0.723,两者比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 FOUR与GCS量表评分所需时间相当,两量表均可用于判断NICU患者意识障碍的程度及预后。     

缺血性脑卒中取栓后出血转化及长期预后的影响因子分析

目的:分析急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者取栓术再通后发生出血转化(HT)和长期预后不良的影响因素。方法:收集接受取栓治疗的前循环AIS患者102例的临床资料,根据术后24 h～1周内是否发生HT和随访1年时改良Rankin评分量表(m RS)评分,将患者分为HT组、NHT组和预后良好组、预后不良组。回顾性分析各组临床资料,探究发生HT和长期预后不良的影响因素。结果:102例患者,纳入HT组58例、NHT组44例,纳入预后不良组56例、预后良好组46例。单因素分析可知,HT和NHT组、预后良好和预后不良组的Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.022);年龄(P=0.108)、冠心病(P=0.061)、低密度脂蛋白(P=0.078)和术前静脉溶栓(P=0.058)可能对术后HT产生影响;取栓次数(P=0.118)、到院至穿刺时间(P=0.098)和发病至穿刺时间(P=0.023)可能对长期预后产生影响;其他资料差异无统计学差异(P0.05)。将上述影响因素代入多元Logistic回归模型,分析结果显示,取栓前ASPECTS评分是术后发生HT(P=0.001, OR=0.561, 95%CI 0.393～0.700)的影响因素;取栓前ASPECTS评分(P=0.022, OR=0.719, 95%CI 0.542～0.953)和发病至穿刺时间(P=0.042, OR=1.003, 95%CI 0.997～1.005)是患者长期预后不良的影响因素。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线分析显示,取栓前ASPECTS评分对发生HT(AUC=0.736, 95%CI 0.637～0.875, P=0.000)和长期预后不良(AUC=0.630, 95%CI=0.522～0.734, P=0.025)均有一定的预测能力。结论:取栓前ASPECTS评分是取栓再通后发生HT和预后不良的独立危险因素,ASPECTS评分越低,取栓再通后HT发生风险越高,长期预后越差。     

应用SOAR评分预测急性缺血性卒中患者短期不良预后风险

目的:探讨国外SOAR评分对我国急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者短期不良预后的预测价值。方法:前瞻性纳入我科2012年2月至2013年8月住院的AIS患者221例,收集临床相关基线资料并进行SOAR评分,分别以出院和卒中后3个月时功能残障和死亡定义为不良结局事件;通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)判断SOAR评分的预测价值;使用Hosmer-Lemeshow法判断模型的拟合优度;应用Pearson相关分析评价实际与预期结局事件的关联程度。结果:出院和3个月时出现不良预后的患者分别为63例(28.5%)和71例(32.1%),死亡9例(4.1%)。SOAR评分在三个结局事件中的AUC分别为0.700、0.705、0.872;灵敏度分别为0.508、0.529、0.889;特异度分别为0.804、0.828、0.741;cut-off临界值为2分。Hosmer-Lemeshow法x2值分别为4.222、2.785、1.045(均P>0.05);Pearson相关系数分别为0.978、0.991、0.914(均P<0.05)。结论:SOAR评分对AIS患者短期不良结局发生风险预测价值较高,评分越高,出现不良预后的风险越大。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者外周血NLRP3炎性小体表达变化及临床意义

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性小体的表达及其临床意义。方法选取2016年1月至2020年1月在该院就诊的AIS患者185例为观察组,另选同期门诊体检健康者50例为对照组。观察组患者依据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分为轻度组(59例)、中度组(62例)和重度组(64例),依据改良的Rankin量表评分(mRS评分)分为预后良好组(143例)和预后不良组(42例)。测定并比较各亚组间NLRP3mRNA相对表达水平的差异,评价其对AIS患者预后不良的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,观察组PBMCs NLRP3、半胱氨酸蛋白酶1(Caspase-1)mRNA相对表达水平及蛋白表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AIS不同严重程度组间PBMCs NLRP3、Caspase-1mRNA相对表达水平及IL-1β、IL-18水平比较,重度组最高,中度组次之,轻度组最低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。预后不良组患者NLRP3、Caspase-1mRNA相对表达水平及IL-1β、IL-18水平高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AIS患者外周血PBMCs NLRP3mRNA相对表达水平与Caspase-1mRNA、IL-1β、IL-18呈正相关(r=0.760,P0.001;r=0.712,P0.001;r=0.640,P=0.008),也与NIHSS和mRS评分呈正相关(r=0.730,P0.001;r=0.690,P0.001)。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,NLRP3mRNA相对表达水平预测AIS的曲线下面积为0.894(95%CI:0.821～0.967),当最佳临界值为1.84时,其预测AIS患者预后不良的灵敏度和特异度分别为81.08%和82.50%,其预测效能优于mRS和NIHSS评分。结论 NLRP3炎性小体参与了AIS的炎症级联放大,对于AIS患者预后不良的预测,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

sdLDL-C/LDL-C、sdLDL-C/HDL-C对急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的评估价值

目的 研究小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(sdLDL-C)/LDL-C、sdLDL-C/HDL-C对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者预后的评估价值。方法 选择2018年6月至2021年6月在我院接受保守治疗的AIS患者作为研究对象，随访3个月并根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好组和预后不良组，用Logistic回归分析预后相关影响因素，用ROC曲线分析相关指标对预后的评估效能。结果 单因素和多因素回归分析表明，年龄(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.02～1.14,P=0.003)、NIHSS评分(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.12～1.34,P<0.01)、sdLDL-C/LDL-C(OR=6.56,95%CI:2.35～18.85,P<0.01)和sdLDL-C/HDL-C(OR=6.69,95%CI:1.69～26.5,P=0.006)是AIS患者预后的独立影响因素。sdLDL-C/LDL-C和sdLDL-C/HDL-C预测AIS患者不良结局的曲线下面积(AUC^ROC)分别为0.70(95%CI:0.63～0.77)和0.68(95%CI...     

Predictive validity of the Braden Scale,Norton Scale,and Waterlow Scale in the Czech Republic

The aim of this study was to determine the predictive validity of the Braden, Norton, and Waterlow scales in 2 long‐term care departments in the Czech Republic. Assessing the risk for developing pressure ulcers is the first step in their prevention. At present, many scales are used in clinical practice, but most of them have not been properly validated yet (for example, the Modified Norton Scale in the Czech Republic). In the Czech Republic, only the Braden Scale has been validated so far. This is a prospective comparative instrument testing study. A random sample of 123 patients was recruited. The predictive validity of the pressure ulcer risk assessment scales was evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The data were collected from April to August 2014. In the present study, the best predictive validity values were observed for the Norton Scale, followed by the Braden Scale and the Waterlow Scale, in that order. We recommended that the above 3 pressure ulcer risk assessment scales continue to be evaluated in the Czech clinical setting.     

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Motivation Assessment Scale and Resident Choice Assessment Scale

The Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS) and Resident Choice Assessment Scale (RCAS) are commonly used to evaluate people with severe developmental disabilities. However, the factor structure of these scales has not been subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We analyzed 335 MAS administrations via CFA and 122 RCAS administrations via exploratory factor analysis and CFA. The original factor structure of the MAS was not supported, though an alternative model that included omission of the sensory reinforcement function was supported. Exploratory factor analysis of the RCAS revealed one- and two-factor structures, but the two-factor model was not supported via CFA. Instead, a limited single factor that included several core items was supported. Implications for the revision and use of these scales are discussed.     

Development and psychometric properties of the Inner Strength Scale

Background

Four dimensions of inner strength were previously identified in a meta-theoretical analysis: firmness, creativity, connectedness, and flexibility.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop an Inner Strength Scale (ISS) based on those four dimensions and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Method

An initial version of ISS was distributed for validation purpose with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the resilience scale, and the sense of Coherence Scale. A convenience sample of 391 adults, aged 19–90 years participated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used in the process of exploring, evaluating, and reducing the 63-item ISS to the 20-item ISS. Cronbach's alpha and test–retest were used to measure reliability.

Results

CFA showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit for the 20-item ISS. The analysis supported a fourfactor solution explaining 51% of the variance. Cronbach‘s alpha on the 20-item ISS was 0.86, and the test–retest showed stability over time (r = 0.79).

Conclusion

The ISS was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for capturing a multifaceted understanding of inner strength. Further tests of psychometric properties of the ISS will be performed in forthcoming studies.     

The Research on the Correlation between the Numerical Rating Scale and Verbal Rating Scale and the Improvement on Pain Assessment

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数字疼痛量表和描述疼痛量表的相关性研究和改进

目的探讨"长海痛尺"的科学性和可行性.方法研究证明数字疼痛量表(NRS)和描述疼痛量表(VRS)的相关性,并设计"长海痛尺".结果 NRS和VRS之间相关性良好,相关系数r为0.8241.结论 "长海痛尺"的设计具有一定的科学依据,且具有简便、易理解、结果相对准确的特点,可以满足临床一线工作的需要.     

PDMS-2运动发育量表与Gesell儿童发育量表一致性研究

目的:研究Peabody运动发育量表第2版(Peabody developmental motor scales 2,PDMS-2)与Gesell儿童发育量表在脑瘫高危儿运动发育评测中的一致性。方法:47例具有高危病史(病理性黄疸、早产、低出生体重、窒息等)及异常临床表现的患儿作为研究对象(≤6个月23例,>6个月24例),平均月龄(7.29±3.17)个月(3个月-13个月),由同一名评估者在同一时间,或在一周之内,进行PMDS-2与Gesell的评估。利用SPSS13.0统计软件将PDMS-2与Gesell的粗大运动发育商和精细运动发育商进行分别比较,观察两者的相关性。结果:47例患儿PDMS-2与Gesell粗大运动发育商的相关系数为0.76(P<0.001),精细运动发育商的相关系数为0.61(P<0.001)。在≤6个月的月龄组中,两者粗大运动发育商和精细运动发育商的相关系数分别为0.53(P=0.01)和0.62(P=0.001);在>6个月的月龄组中,两者的相关系数分别为0.88(P<0.001),0.74(P<0.001)。结论:在3个月—13个月的高危儿中,PDMS-2与Gesell的粗大运动发育商和精细运动发育商有显著的相关性,尤其在月龄稍大的患儿中相关性更为突出。     

Development and psychometric properties of the Individualized Care Scale

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: In this study we describe the development of the Individualized Care Scale (ICS) and evaluate its validity, psychometric properties and feasibility. The ICS was designed to measure patients' views on how individuality is supported through specific nursing interventions (ICA) and how they perceive individuality in their own care (ICB) during hospitalization. METHOD: Three different data sets were collected among patients being discharged from hospital (n1 = 203, n2 = 279, n3 = 454). This bipartite 38-item ICS promises to be a brief, timely, easy to administer and useful self-completion measure for evaluating clinical nursing practice from the patient's point of view. RESULTS: The findings supported the internal consistency reliability of the ICS (alpha 0.94 for ICA and ICB 0.93) and the three subscales (alphas 0.85-0.90). Item analysis supported the item construction of each scale. Content validity was furthered by a critical literature review and four expert analyses. Principal component analysis (Promax with Kaiser normalization) among earlier factor analyses supported construct validity by generating a three-factor solution which accounted for 65% of the variance in the ICA and 61% in the ICB. Pearson's correlation coefficients were at least 0.88 between the subscales and the total domain ICA or ICB. CONCLUSIONS: The ICS has demonstrated promise as a tool for measuring patients' evaluations of their hospital experience and individuality in care.     

护士工作应激源量表的编制及信效度检验

目的编制适用于我国的标准化护士工作应激源量表,对该量表进行条目分析和信效度检验。方法采用理论与经验相结合的方法,以拉扎勒斯的应激理论模型作为编制量表的基本理论框架。首先,对352名护士应用开放式问卷进行条目收集,建立条目库,形成护士工作应激源量表草本;然后选取387名护士施测,形成包括6个分量表的护士工作应激源评定量表的预试本;最后,应用预试本对469名护士施测,对问卷的信效度进行了检验。结果确定了护士工作应激源量表由6个因素组成,即与护士工作期望有关的应激源,与家庭有关的应激源,与人际关系有关的应激源,与工作性质有关的应激源,与患者有关的应激源,与工作负荷有关的应激源。6个维度可累积解释总方差的56.28%,量表具有良好的信、效度。结论本量表为我国护士工作应激的评估提供了一套有效的方法。     

Validation of the Cognitive Appraisal Health Scale with Jordanian patients

The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties and the theoretical structure of the Cognitive Appraisal Health Scale for patients with acute and chronic diseases in medical and surgical wards. Previously, the Scale was validated with patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. However, in order to examine the psychometric properties of the scale with patients diagnosed with health problems other than prostate cancer, this study was conducted. The convenience sample of 140 male and 128 female patients was selected from an educational hospital and three private hospitals in Jordan. The factor structure for the Scale was examined by using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The 13 item model with three factors yielded highly acceptable indices in all respects for patients with acute and chronic diseases and appears most useful for measuring their cognitive appraisal.     

责任护士应用Morse跌倒评估量表情况分析

目的探讨责任护士应用Morse跌倒评估量表情况。方法责任护士应用Morse跌倒评估量表对21378例患者进行评估,采用自行设计调查表,了解责任护士应用Morse跌倒评估量表对患者跌倒风险评估情况;选择跌倒风险评估时机,同时了解跌倒风险患者发生跌倒情况。结果本组21378例患者中,有222例患者存在跌倒风险。责任护士在跌倒风险评估中对跌倒史、超过1个医学诊断、静脉输入的条目评估准确率较高,为91.6%以上;对行走辅助、步态、认知状态的条目评估准确率较低,为86.0%以下。责任护士在患者入院时、Morse跌倒评估得分≥24分、转科和跌倒后评估时机选择准确率较高,为90.2%以上;在患者病情变化、口服了会导致跌倒药物时评估时机选择准确率较低,为67.9%以下。结论加强护士培训,提高量表的使用及评估时机选择的准确率,使防跌倒的评估和预防工作贯穿于临床护理工作中,最大限度地预防患者跌倒事件的发生。