帕金森病相关性疼痛的相关因素及其对生活质量的影响

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)相关性疼痛的相关因素及其对生活质量的影响。方法根据是否伴有疼痛将120例PD患者分为疼痛组(49例)和非疼痛组(71例)。采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)和Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级评估患者的严重程度,采用PD生活质量量表-39(PDQ-39)测评其生活质量,用数字评分法(NRS)评估疼痛组患者疼痛程度。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和MMSE评价患者的焦虑、抑郁及认知情况。结果与无疼痛组比较,疼痛组H-Y分期及UPDRSⅠ、UPDRSⅢ服药后(med-on)、UPDRSⅢ服药前(med-off)、PDQ-39、HAMA、HAMD评分均显著升高(P0.05～0.01)。Spearman相关分析显示,NRS评分与H-Y分级及UPDRSⅠ、UPDRSⅢmed-off、UPDRSⅢmed-on、PDQ-39、HAMA、HAMD评分呈正相关(P0.05～0.01),与年龄、发病年龄、病程、受教育年限及UPDRSⅡ、MMSE评分无相关性(均P0.05)。线性回归分析显示,UPDRSⅡ、HAMA、NRS评分对PDQ-39有显著性影响(均P0.01)。结论 PD相关性疼痛可能与精神活动、运动症状、焦虑抑郁相关。PD相关性疼痛是影响PD患者生活质量的独立预测因子。     

帕金森病患者睡眠障碍情况3年半随访研究

目的随访观察帕金森病(PD)患者睡眠障碍情况的发生、发展及变化及相关因素。方法应用PD睡眠量表(PDSS)、统一PD评定量表第Ⅱ、Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅡ、Ⅲ)、PD非运动症状(NMS)筛查问卷(NMSQ)、汉密尔顿抑郁及焦虑量表(HAMD及HAMA)、MMSE和蒙特利尔认知测验(Mo CA)等量表,在基线和3年半随访末对106例原发性PD患者的睡眠情况、日常生活能力、运动症状、抑郁、焦虑情绪及认知能力等方面进行评估,同时计算患者每日左旋多巴等效剂量(LED)。结果与基线(124.18±14.31)比较,患者PDSS总分在随访末(113.90±23.98)时明显下降(P0.001),其中梦境困扰、夜尿及白天过度嗜睡均明显降低(均P0.01)。随着疾病进展,PD患者睡眠障碍发生率在随访末时(77.08%)较基线时(53.77%)明显上升(P=0.001),失眠(包括入睡困难及保持睡眠困难)、肢体不安及不宁腿、梦境困扰、夜尿、白天过度嗜睡、震颤、肌肉痛性痉挛在随访中均明显升高(均P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,PD患者睡眠障碍与其年龄、UPDRSⅡ及Ⅲ、NMS、HAMD及HAMA评分和每日LED相关,而与MMSE、MOCA评分及病程长短等无关。结论PD患者睡眠障碍发生率高、表现类型多样,随着年龄增长、疾病进展逐渐加重,合并较多NMS、日常生活能力及运动症状严重及伴有抑郁、焦虑情绪的患者多存在睡眠障碍。     

不同性别帕金森病患者血尿酸水平的相关性研究

目的研究不同性别帕金森病(PD)患者血尿酸水平的相关影响因素。方法收集72例男性PD患者及56例女性PD患者的临床资料。采取高效液相色谱法检测患者血尿酸水平,分析血尿酸水平与临床资料的相关性。结果相关性分析显示,女性PD患者血尿酸水平与患者年龄、起病年龄呈正相关(r=0.283,P=0.034;r=0.295,P=0.027),与病程、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级、统一帕金森病评分量表(UPDRS)评分,以及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、MMSE、非运动症状问卷(NMS-Quest)评分间无明显相关性(均P0.05);男性PD患者血尿酸水平与UPDRSⅣ评分、HAMD呈负相关(r=-0.249,P=0.035;r=-0.279,P=0.017),与年龄、起病年龄、病程、H-Y分级、UPDRSⅡ、UPDRSⅢ、UPDRS总分,以及HAMA、MMSE、NMS-Quest评分无明显相关性(均P0.05)。男性和女性患者血尿酸水平与左旋多巴等效剂量(LED)及左旋多巴剂量均呈负相关(均P0.05),与多巴胺受体激动剂剂量无关(均P0.05)。结论女性PD患者年龄越大、起病越晚,血尿酸水平越高;男性PD患者治疗并发症越多、抑郁越重,血尿酸水平越低。PD患者血尿酸水平与患者左旋多巴服用剂量呈反比。     

帕金森病患者的非运动症状对其生活质量的影响

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者及不同亚群生活质量(QOL)的影响因素,分析非运动症状(NMS)的具体影响。方法用统一PD评定量表第Ⅲ、Ⅴ部分(UPDRS-Ⅲ、H-Y分级)评定185名原发性PD患者的运动症状,用PDNMS筛查问卷(NMSQ)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)和蒙特利尔认知测验(MOCA)评定NMS,用36条简化医疗结局调查问卷(SF-36)评价QOL。采用逐步多元线性回归分析探讨PD患者QOL的影响因素和NMS的具体作用。结果 PD患者SF-36各维度分值均较健康同龄老人下降。相关分析显示,SF-36总分与H-Y分级、UPDRSⅢ、HAMA、HAMD及NMSQ分值成负相关,与PDSS评分成正相关,与HAMD的6个因子(除日夜变化)和NMSQ的9个症状群(除性功能)均显著负相关。回归分析显示,UPDRSⅢ和强直分能解释SF-36总分变化的21.6%,加入各NMS量表分值后,NMSQ能单独解释SF-36总分变化的21.5%;引入HAMD和NMSQ的细项后,绝望感、泌尿道症状、认知损害、体质量减轻、和阻滞症状能解释SF-36总分变化的35.8%;≤65岁、66岁～75岁和>75岁患者的QOL影响因素不同。结论 NMS中的绝望感、泌尿道症状、认知、体质量减轻、阻滞症状以及运动障碍中的强直型对QOL的影响较大,且导致不同年龄段患者QOL下降的因素不同。故需重视上述NMS的诊治,以改善PD患者QOL。     

帕金森病和便秘的关系

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)与便秘的关系。方法收集164例便秘PD患者及69例无便秘PD患者的一般资料,采用PD统一评价量表(UPDRS)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、克里夫兰量表(CCS)对患者进行评估,根据CCS将便秘患者分为重度便秘亚组和轻度便秘亚组。对结果进行比较。结果便秘组病程显著长于,HAMD评分、左旋多巴等效剂量(LED)、UPDRSⅢ评分及H-Y分期显著高于无便秘组(P0.05~0.01)。非条件Logistic回归显示,PD病程、UPDRSⅢ评分、H-Y分期、LED与PD患者便秘呈正相关(均P0.05)。UPDRSⅢ评分及LED是PD便秘发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.070,95%CI:1.012~1.131,P0.05;OR=1.002,95%CI:1.000~1.004,P0.05)。重度便秘亚组患者PD及便秘病程明显长于,HAMD评分、LED、UPDRSⅢ评分、H-Y分期显著高于轻度便秘亚组(P0.05~0.01)。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,PD病程、便秘病程、HAMD评分、UPDRSⅢ评分、H-Y分期、LED与便秘严重程度呈正相关(OR=1.237,1.564,1.055,1.071,1.776,1.002;P0.05~0.01)。HAMD评分是重度便秘的独立危险因素(OR=1.056,95%CI:1.001~1.115,P0.05)。结论 PD患者运动症状重、服用抗PD药物剂量大是PD便秘发生的独立危险因素,抑郁是PD患者重度便秘的独立危险因素。     

帕金森病伴抑郁和焦虑共病的研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者伴抑郁和焦虑共病的发生率及其相关因素。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对480名PD患者和105名正常对照者进行评分,采用统一PD评定量表第Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期评定PD患者的运动症状,采用PD非运动症状(NMS)筛查问卷(NMSQ)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)和蒙特利尔认知测验(MOCA)评定PD患者的NMS。结果 PD组中抑郁的发生率(19.4%)明显高于正常对照组(5.7%),焦虑的发生率(30.4%)明显高于正常对照组(14.3%),抑郁和焦虑共病的发生率(15.8%)也明显高于正常对照组(5.7%)(均P<0.01)。多元Logistc回归分析显示,抑郁的发生与NMSQ评分呈正相关(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.07~1.37);焦虑的发生与女性(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.04~3.50)、H-Y分期(OR=2.87,95%CI:1.23~6.70)、UPDRSⅢ评分(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.00~1.06)及NMSQ评分(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.10~1.26)呈正相关,而与PD...     

帕金森病伴发疲劳的影响因素分析

目的 分析帕金森病(PD)患者疲劳的影响因素及其临床症状特点,为PD伴发疲劳的治疗提供参考。方法 病例对照研究,选取2019年1月-2020年12月包头医学院第二附属医院神经内科收治的155例PD患者,根据疲劳严重度量表(FSS),PD无疲劳组(FSS>4分)59例,PD伴发疲劳组(FSS≤4分)96例。采用统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分(MDS-UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMA)17项、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMD)14项、帕金森病睡眠量表(PDSS)中文版、简易精神状态量表等评估患者的运动症状和非运动症状。采用疲劳量表-14(FS-14)对PD患者的躯体疲劳、脑力疲劳进行评分。PD患者依据MDS-UPDRSⅡ～Ⅲ条目计算震颤类项目总分和姿势异常-步态障碍类项目总分。结果 与非疲劳组比较,疲劳组患者MDS-UPDRSⅢ、H-Y评分、HAMA、HAMD、病程均增高,PDSS降低(P<0.05)。MDS-UPDRSⅢ评分(OR=1.105,P=0.011)、抑郁(OR=1.160,P=0.028)是疲劳的独立危险因素。脑力疲劳与HAM...     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗早期帕金森病患者抑郁及睡眠障碍的临床研究

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)治疗早期帕金森病(PD)抑郁及睡眠障碍的临床疗效。方法选取Hoehn-Yahr分级1~2级的PD患者64例,按照随机数字表法随机分为治疗组(31例)和假刺激组(33例)。治疗组用r TMS 5 Hz高频刺激患者双侧前额叶背外侧(DLPFC)区共10 d,假刺激组接受假刺激治疗共10 d。观察治疗前后两组患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)、PD统一评定量表第Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅢ)、外周血IL-6水平、脑内神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)含量的变化。结果与治疗前相比,治疗组患者治疗后及治疗后1个月时HAMD评分、UPDRSⅢ评分均明显降低;PDSS评分均明显升高(均P0.05)。与假刺激组同时间点相比,治疗组患者治疗后及治疗后1个月时HAMD评分、UPDRSⅢ评分均明显降低;PDSS评分均明显升高(均P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗组患者治疗后外周血IL-6水平及脑内5-HT、NE、DA水平均显著升高(均P0.05)。与假刺激组同时间点相比,治疗组患者治疗后外周血IL-6水平及脑内5-HT、NE、DA水平均显著升高(均P0.05)。结论高频r TMS刺激DLPFC区可短期改善早期PD患者的抑郁及睡眠障碍。     

粪菌移植替代多巴胺能药物治疗帕金森病案例分析

目的观察粪菌移植替代多巴胺能药物治疗帕金森病(PD)的疗效,探讨潜在的机制。方法为1例因服用多巴胺能药物出现幻觉而拒绝服药的PD患者行粪菌移植治疗,应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、PD问卷(PDQ39)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、Bristol便秘评分、统一PD评定量表Ⅲ(UPDRSⅢ量表)对患者移植治疗前及移植治疗后4周、8周、12周的相关症状进行评分,同时对患者移植治疗前和移植治疗后4周、12周的粪菌进行16 s rRNA高通量基因测序分析菌群。结果与移植治疗前相比,移植治疗后HAMD、HAMA、PDQ39、PSQI、Bristol便秘评分、UPDRSⅢ量表评分均明显降低,粪菌16 s rRNA高通量测序显示粪菌移植治疗后拟杆菌属丰度下降,而瘤胃、布劳特、普雷沃等菌属丰度增高。结论粪菌移植对PD患者的非运动症状和运动症状均显示出明显效果,其机理可能与重建正常功能的肠道菌群密切相关。     

影响帕金森病运动亚型的相关因素分析

目的研究帕金森病步态和姿势异常亚型(Postural instability gait disorder,PIGD)与震颤亚型(Tremor dominant,TD)的临床表现差异以及影响帕金森病亚型的相关因素。方法收集2019年1月至2020年1月就诊于我院帕金森病专科门诊的69例帕金森病患者,分为PIGD组和TD组进行临床资料采集以及量表评估,量表包括Hoehn-Yahr量表(H-Y)、国际运动障碍学会统一帕金森病评定量表(MDS-UPDRS)、非运动症状评价量表(NMSS)、帕金森病睡眠量表(PDSS)、简明智力状态检查(MMSE)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、帕金森病生活质量评价量表(PDQ-39)。将收集的数据进行统计学分析。结果两组患者在发病年龄、病程、服用左旋多巴等效剂量、HAMA、HAMD、MMSE、PDSS、NMSS、PDQ-39评分的方面差异无统计学意义。在发病年龄、受教育程度、是否患有共病、UPDRS评分、H-Y分级、僵硬、运动迟缓、震颤、姿势和步态异常的方面差异有统计学意义。进行下一步相关性分析发现患者发病年龄、共病严重程度、H-Y分级、UPDRS评分、运动症状与PD亚型有相关性。结论帕金森病患者的发病年龄、共病严重程度、疾病严重程度、运动症状是影响PIGD亚型的相关因素。     

帕金森操康复训练的临床疗效观察

目的探讨帕金森健康操对帕金森病患者运动功能和日常生活能力的影响。方法选取2013年4月至2014年7月期间我院收治的帕金森病患者38例。分为两组:治疗组给予临床常规药物治疗及常规康复治疗,并在此基础上教授帕金森健康操,每天2 h;对照组仅给予临床常规药物治疗及常规康复治疗。治疗5月及14月后观察疗效。结果两组治疗5月后UPDRSⅡ评分和UPDRSⅢ评分均较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在治疗14月后,与治疗前比较降低更加显著(P0.01)。治疗组在治疗14月后与治疗5月后比较也有明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗5月后和治疗14月后治疗组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论帕金森健康操能提高帕金森病患者的运动功能,改善患者的日常生活活动能力,特别是长期预后具有较好的临床效果。     

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex in the treatment of motor signs in Parkinson's disease: A quantitative review of the literature

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by the emergence of motor deficits. In light of the voluminous and conflicting findings in the literature, the aim of the present quantitative review was to examine the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) in the treatment of motor signs in PD. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed using meta‐analytic techniques and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) sections II and III were used as outcome measures. In order to determine the treatment effects of rTMS, the UPDRS II and III scores obtained at baseline, same day, to 1 day post rTMS treatment (short‐term follow‐up) and 1‐month post stimulation (long‐term follow‐up) were compared between the active and sham rTMS groups. Additionally, the placebo effect was evaluated as the changes in UPDRS III scores in the sham rTMS groups. A placebo effect was not demonstrated, because sham rTMS did not improve motor signs as measured by UPDRS III. Compared with sham rTMS, active rTMS targeting the M1 significantly improved UPDRS III scores at the short‐term follow‐up (Cohen's d of 0.27, UPDRS III score improvement of 3.8 points). When the long‐term follow‐up UPDRS III scores were compared with baseline scores, the standardized effect size between active and sham rTMS did not reach significance. However, this translated into a significant nonstandardized 6.3‐point improvement on the UPDRS III. No significant improvement in the UPDRS II was found. rTMS over the M1 may improve motor signs. Further studies are needed to provide a definite conclusion. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

Gait function and locus coeruleus Lewy body pathology in 51 Parkinson's disease patients

IntroductionGait impairment in Parkinson's Disease (PD) is often severely disabling, yet frequently remains refractory to treatment. The locus coeruleus (LC) has diffuse noradrenergic projections that are thought to play a role in gait function. Enhancement of norepinephrine transmission may improve gait in some PD patients. We hypothesized that the severity of PD pathology, and more specifically, Lewy bodies and neuronal loss in the LC, would correlate with the severity of gait dysfunction in PD.MethodsAutopsy data from 51 patients, collected through the Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center, were correlated with clinical gait-related measures, including individual Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part II and III questions, total UPDRS Part III scores, and timed up-and-go speed (TUG).ResultsNeither the presence nor degree of Lewy body pathology in the LC on autopsy was associated with a higher UPDRS part III gait score. LC tau deposition and frontal Lewy body deposition were not correlated with any of the assessed gait measures. The degree of Lewy body pathology, independent of Braak stage, was positively associated with the severity of motor symptoms overall (UPDRS Part III total score).ConclusionNeither the degree of Lewy body nor tau pathology in the LC is associated with severity of gait disorders in PD. This finding may have implications for targeted noradrenergic therapies in patients with refractory gait disorders.     

Parkinson's disease motor subtypes and bilateral GPi deep brain stimulation: One-year outcomes

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the differences in motor symptoms and quality of life (QOL) outcomes following bilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS), across well-defined motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD), to improve clinical decision making.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study investigated bilateral GPi DBS outcomes in 65 PD patients. Outcome measures included the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) before and one year after surgery. Outcomes were compared between the tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes and between the TD and akinetic-rigid (AR) subtypes.ResultsFor the entire cohort, motor function (UPDRS III) in the Off-medication state, motor complications (UPDRS IV), activities of daily living (ADL, UPDRS II), and the ADL and discomfort domains of PDQ-39 significantly improved one year following GPi implantation compared to baseline (effect size = 1.32, 1.15, 0.25, 0.45, and 0.34, respectively). GPi DBS improved the Off-medication UPDRS III scores regardless of the motor subtypes. However, compared to the PIGD and AR patients, the TD patients showed greater improvement in overall UPDRS III postoperatively primarily due to greater tremor improvement in the Off-medication state. The outcomes in akinesia, rigidity, axial symptoms and QOL were similar among all subtypes.ConclusionBilateral GPi DBS was effective for advanced PD patients regardless of motor subtypes. Greater tremor improvement in the TD patients accounted for greater Off-medication motor improvement. Longer-term GPi DBS outcomes across different motor subtypes and brain targets should be further studied.     

Nonmotor symptoms are independently associated with impaired health‐related quality of life in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease

We performed a cross‐sectional study of 82 Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) enrolled during an 18‐month period using a clinical interview to assess the prevalence of nonmotor symptoms (NMS), the association with disease severity and motor status, and the impact on patients' health‐related quality of life (Hr‐QoL). The patients' NMS, Hr‐QoL, disease severity, and motor status were assessed by the Nonmotor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), the 39‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39), the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (H&Y) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III), respectively. We found that 100% of patients with PD presented with NMS. The NMSS significantly correlated with disease duration (Spearman's r_S = 0.276, P = 0.012), H&Y (r_S = 0.230, P = 0.038), and UPDRS III (r_S = 0.350, P = 0.001). Similarly, the PDQ‐39 SI significantly associated with the disease duration (r_S = 0.258, P = 0.019), H&Y (r_S = 0.340, P = 0.002), and UPDRS III (r_S = 0.453, P < 0.001). NMS domains that influenced the PDQ‐39 SI were sleep/fatigue, mood, gastrointestinal, urinary, and miscellaneous symptoms. This strongly suggested that the five domains played a key role in the manifestation of Hr‐QoL. NMSS explains more of the variability in Hr‐QoL than UPDRS III, when both are the model (stepwise multiple linear regression analysis R² change, 47.8% vs. 5.87%, respectively). Therefore, these findings demonstrate that NMS are independently and negatively associated with Hr‐QoL in PD and that improving NMS should be viewed as an important part in the management of PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society     

The impact of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on depression in Parkinson's disease: A randomized,double‐blind,placebo‐controlled study

Based on several open‐label and case studies, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) seems to have an antidepressive effect on patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, this hypothesis requires further confirmation. We conducted a randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled study to evaluate the effect of rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on depression and various motor and nonmotor features of PD. Twenty‐two PD patients with mild or moderate depressive episodes were assigned into two groups, one receiving real‐rTMS (90% of resting motor threshold, 5 Hz, 600 pulses‐a‐day for 10 days) over the left DLPFC, and another group receiving sham‐rTMS. An investigator blinded to the treatment performed three video‐taped examinations on each patient: before stimulation (baseline), 1 day (short term), and 30 days after treatment session ended (long‐term effect). Mini‐Mental State Examination, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn‐Yahr, Epworth Sleepiness, Visual Analog and Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scales (MADRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Trail making and Stroop tests were applied. In the actively treated group, not only depression rating scales showed significant improvement 30 days after treatment ended (BDI by 44.4% and MADRS by 26.1%), but also the accuracy of Stroop test (by 16%). We could also demonstrate an insignificant improvement in UPDRS‐III by 7.5 points (31.9%, P = 0.06). In the sham‐treated group none of the examined tests and scales improved significantly after sham stimulation. Our study demonstrated the beneficial effect of the left DLPFC rTMS on depression in PD lasting at least 30 days after treatment. However, this result should be confirmed in patients with severe depression by further clinical trials. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society     

Validation of the Italian version of the Non Motor Symptoms Scale for Parkinson's disease

ObjectiveTo validate the adapted Italian version of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), a tool to assess non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsA cross cultural adaptation of the NMSS into Italian and a psychometric analysis of the translated version of the NMSS was carried out in patients with PD from two university centres–affiliated hospitals. The quality of data and the acceptability, reliability and construct validity of NMSS were analyzed. The following standard scales were also applied: Hoehn and Yahr staging, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Autonomic Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-Motor, Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part I and Modified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was calculated.ResultsSeventy-one patients with PD were assessed (mean age years 69.8 ± 9.6 SD; 31% women; mean length of disease 6.3 ± 4.6 years; H&Y median: 2). Mean NMSS was 39.76 (SD 31.9; skewness 0.95). The total score of NMSS was free of floor or ceiling effects and showed a satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient on total score was 0.72 [range for domains: 0.64–0.73], SEM value was 3.88 [½ SD = 31.90]). Significant positive correlations were found among total NMSS and other NMS standard tests, but no significant correlation appeared with UPDRS part III, CIRS and LEDD.ConclusionsThe Italian NMSS is a comprehensive and helpful measure for NMS in native Italian patients with PD.     

Sleep problems affect quality of life in Parkinson's disease along disease progression

ObjectivesNon-motor symptoms (NMS) frequently impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Sleep problems represent one of the main NMS complained by PD patients. In this observation study, sleep problems measured by Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale - 2nd version (PDSS-2), and HRQoL measured by Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ39) were quantified in patients with PD ranging from mild to moderate-advanced disease stages, and correlated to motor impairment and anti-PD therapy.MethodsWe included idiopathic PD patients who underwent PDSS-2 and PDQ39. Moreover, we assessed patients' motor symptoms by rating the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) - III section (motor examination), patients' PD status following H&Y stage, and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD).ResultsOne-hundred and fifty-four patients with PD were included and distributed for H&Y stage. PDSS-2 and PDQ39 total and sub-items scores significantly increased with the H&Y stage. PDSS-2 total score significantly correlated with PDQ39 total score (γ = 0.63, P < 0.01). Finally, distributing PD patients according to the PDSS-2 cut-off for detecting sleep disturbances, we found in poor sleepers (n = 58) higher PDQ39 scores than good sleepers (n = 89).ConclusionsSleep problems are very common in patients with PD and severely impact on HRQoL. Sleep impairment and low HRQoL occur from the early stages of the disease and deteriorate along disease progression. Further studies investigating sleep and quality of life should be planned for targeting sleep improvement to increase HRQoL and possibly reduce motor impairment.     

帕金森病患者躯体疲劳的临床调查分析

目的:研究帕金森病(PD)患者伴躯体疲劳的分布情况及其相关因素.方法:运用帕金森病疲劳量表对113例原发性PD患者进行疲劳评估,并用统一PD评分量表,Hoehn-Yahr(分期、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、简易精神状态量表、帕金森睡眠量表、生活质量评分等量表对PD患者进行测定.结果:PD患者中,疲劳的发生率为41.6%,Logistic回归分析发现生活质量为疲劳的独立相关因素.结论:疲劳在PD患者中很普遍,明显影响患者生活质量.