大动脉转换术治疗新生儿完全性大动脉错位

目的 回顾总结完全性大动脉错位（D－TGA）的手术治疗。方法 1999年11月至2001年8月，采用大动脉转换术（Switch）手术方法纠治新生儿D－TGA 16例，其中室间隔完整型大动脉错位（D－GA／IVS）6例，大动脉错位伴室间隔缺损（D－TGA／VSD）10例。所有病例都在深低温低流量和深低温停循环下行Switch纠治术。结果 Switch手术治疗TGA共16例，其中TGA／IVS 6例，无死亡；TGA／VSD 10例，死亡2例，均为伴有冠状动脉畸形者。14例随访2－20个月，VSD残余漏1例，肺动脉轻度残余梗阻2例，14例心功能均良好。结论 Switch手术是D－TGA纠治的首选方法，但必须早期手术。     

High anomalous origin of both coronary arteries in a patient with aortic valve disease

High anomalous origin of both coronary arteries is extremely rare. We report the case of a patient with a right coronary artery that originated from the left surface of the ascending aorta approximately 25 mm above the sinotubular junction and a left coronary artery that originated from the sinotubular junction close to the non-left commissure. The patient also had persistent left superior vena cava. We diagnosed the anomaly preoperatively using 64-slice multidetector computed tomographic angiography. The detailed imaging information helped us to avoid coronary artery injury and perform the operation safely with adequate myocardial protection.     

Simultaneous coronary bypass and abdominal aortic surgery in patients with severe coronary disease — indication and results

In patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) abdominal aortic surgery is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Some patients will present with both symptomatic CAD and large, symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) or end-stage aortic occlusive disease (AOD) that does not allow for a two-stage procedure. We report a series of 29 patients who underwent simultaneous coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and abdominal aortic surgery (25 AAA, 4 AOD). In the AAA group there were 23 males and 2 females with a mean age of 68 years (50–80). Sixteen patients presented with severe three-vessel disease. Ten patients had unstable angina. Aortic stenosis or insufficiency was present in two and one patient, respectively. Four patients with three-vessel disease and an ejection fraction below 30% presented with end-stage AOD and critical limb ischemia. Coronary bypass graft surgery was performed first. With the patient still on partial cardiopulmonary bypass, abdominal aortic surgery was carried out. Patients received an average of 3.1 coronary bypass grafts. Additionally, three aortic valves were implanted. Fourteen tube grafts and 15 bi-iliacal or bifemoral bifurcation grafts were placed in the abdominal aortic position. Additional vascular surgery was performed in five patients. Intraoperative management was without complication in all but one patient, who had intraoperative myocardial infarction (AOD group). Hospital mortality was 8% (2/25) in the AAA group. There was however substantial hospital morbidity (52.2%). The mean follow-up is 20.5±2.5 months. The actuarial survival rate at 3 years is 84.9%. It is concluded that combined CABG and abdominal aortic surgery is a reasonable option for patients who present with both severe CAD and symptomatic abdominal aortic disease. The continuation of CPB during aortic surgery may effectively prevent the adverse effects of infrarenal aortic clamping on a failing ventricle.     

Patients with anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery remain at risk after surgical repair

Objectives

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) from the opposite sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac anomaly associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). Single-center studies describe surgical repair as safe, although medium- and long-term effects on symptoms and risk of SCD remain unknown. We sought to describe outcomes of surgical repair of AAOCA.

Health-related quality of life before and after bariatric surgery in adolescents

Background

Recent data reaffirm decreased health-related quality of life (HRQL) in obese adults and children. Health-related quality of life is markedly improved after bariatric surgery in adults. Little HRQL data are available in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery.

Methods

Sixteen patients (14-20 years old) underwent gastric bypass. Thirteen patients completed a general HRQL measure (Short Form 36 [SF-36]) before surgery. Of these, 9 completed the SF-36 again at various follow-up times, as well as a measure of weight-related quality of life (Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite). Three patients completed postsurgical forms only. Data were analyzed using t test and analysis of variance. Results are reported as mean ± SD.

Results

Mean age and body mass index at operation were 18.5 ± 1.7 years and 54 ± 7.6 kg/m². Postoperatively, patients lost an average of 66% ± 29% excess weight over a mean follow-up of 17 ± 12 (range, 1-39) months. Mean preoperative SF-36 physical component score was 34.7 ± 10 and mental component score was 40.6 ± 13.5 (adult population mean = 50.0 ± 10 for each). At last follow-up, mean physical component score had increased to 55.5 ± 5, and mental component score, to 55.2 ± 8.6 (P < .0001). Adolescent Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite scores after surgery did not differ from means for normal weight adults (93% ± 7% vs 96% ± 7%, P = .15).

Conclusions

Health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults undergoing bariatric surgery improves dramatically in early follow-up. Long-term data are needed to definitively study this surgical therapy for obesity in adolescents.     

Different characteristics of postoperative heart failure after surgery for aortic stenosis and coronary disease

Objective—Postoperative heart failure (PHF) remains a major determinant of outcome after cardiac surgery. However, possible differences in characteristics of PHF after valve surgery and coronary surgery (CABG) have received little attention. Therefore, this issue was studied in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) and CABG, respectively.

Design—Three hundred and ninety‐eight patients undergoing isolated AVR for aortic stenosis were compared with 398 patients, matched for age and sex, undergoing on‐pump isolated CABG. Forty‐five AVR and 47 CABG patients required treatment for PHF and these were studied in detail.

Results—The AVR group had longer aortic cross‐clamp time and higher rate of isolated right ventricular heart failure postoperatively. Myocardial ischemia during induction and perioperative myocardial infarction were more common in the CABG group. One‐year mortality was 8.9% in the AVR group vs 25.5% in the CABG group (p?=?0.05).

Conclusions—The incidence of PHF was similar in both groups but different characteristics were found. Isolated right ventricular failure and PHF precipitated by septicemia were more common in AVR patients. PHF was more clearly associated with myocardial ischemia and infarction in CABG patients, which could explain their less favorable survival.     

Gastrointestinal symptoms in relation to quality of life after metabolic surgery in adolescents

BackgroundAdolescent obesity is associated with significant co-morbidities, including decreased quality of life (QOL). QOL improves after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), but recent studies have demonstrated that certain gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) worsen after surgery, including reflux symptoms, nausea, bloating, and diarrhea.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate QOL and the effect of these symptoms on QOL after bariatric surgery.SettingFive academic centers that perform adolescent MBS in the United States.MethodsWe prospectively studied 228 adolescents undergoing MBS using the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery cohort. GIS and QOL scores were assessed before surgery, at 6 months, and yearly to 5 years after surgery. Analysis involved linear models examining QOL and the association between GIS and QOL adjusting for a priori determined covariates.ResultsAdjusting for body mass index change over time, the physical component score (PCS) of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) increased after surgery from 44.2 at baseline to 54.4 at 5 years (P < .0001). The mental component score did not significantly change over time. The SF-36 domains that showed the biggest increase after surgery were physical functioning, physical role functioning, and general health. The SF-36 PCS decreased significantly over time post surgery in those with GIS of reflux, nausea, and diarrhea but remained higher than baseline SF-36 PCS. There was no statistically significant change in mental component score or impact of weight on quality of life-KIDS scores in those with or without GIS.ConclusionQOL, specifically the SF-36 PCS, increases after MBS. Reflux symptoms, nausea, and diarrhea reduce the degree of improvement in QOL in adolescents after MBS. Patients should be monitored and treated for these symptoms to address this decreased QOL.     

The association of sagittal abdominal diameter with metabolic syndrome risk before and after weight-loss surgery in adolescents

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) affects ∼10% of U.S. adolescents. Abdominal obesity is the most prevalent component and may indicate MetS risk in adolescents undergoing weight loss surgery.ObjectivesAssess MetS risk/severity and its association with abdominal obesity (measured by sagittal abdominal diameter, SAD) before and after weight loss surgery in adolescents to determine whether SAD predicts MetS risk in this population.SettingData were collected in the Teen Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) study at 5 sites (U.S. children's hospitals) performing weight-loss surgery in adolescents. The current study is a secondary analysis of these data.MethodsWe examined data collected presurgery through 5 years postsurgery. MetS risk/severity was defined using the MetS severity z score (MetS-z), and MetS prevalence was determined using age-appropriate criteria. Association between SAD and MetS-z was evaluated with an adjusted linear mixed model.ResultsAmong 228 individuals (75% female, 72% White), mean age 16.5 years and body mass index (BMI) 53 kg/m², 79% met MetS criteria pre-urgery. MetS-z (1.5) and SAD (32cm) were correlated (r = 0.6, P < .0001) presurgery, and both improved significantly at 6 months, 1, and 5 years postsurgery, remaining highly correlated at each timepoint. SAD predicted MetS-z (β = 0.118; 95% CI, 0.109, 0.127) after adjustment for age, visit, surgery type, and caregiver education.ConclusionsAbdominal obesity is a key MetS risk marker in youth undergoing weight loss surgery. Both SAD and Met-z measures may be useful for MetS risk assessment and tracking postsurgery changes in this population, but more research is needed to identify effective lifestyle interventions targeting abdominal obesity.     

结直肠癌患者手术前后凝血功能的变化及临床意义

目的了解结直肠癌患者手术前后凝血功能指标的变化及临床意义。方法结直肠癌患者50例,于术前3天、术后第1、7、14、30天测定血小板(PLT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血浆纤维蛋白原降解产物(FDP)、凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)、血浆纤维蛋白肽(FPA)、纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物(PAP)、D-二聚体(D-D)量;对照组30例,为同期良性结直肠疾病手术者。结果与对照组比较,结直肠癌患者手术前后各检测指标值偏高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后30天上述指标与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义;结直肠癌患者术后15天与术前比较,各项指标均有不同程度的改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论结直肠癌患者存在明显的凝血、抗凝及纤溶机制的异常,其变化与病情发展及预后有关。     

起搏器安置术与冠状动脉造影同时进行的意义及临床安全性探讨

目的：探讨起博器安置术与冠状动脉造影（CAG）同时的临床意义及安全性。方法回顾性分析2012年3月至2013年12月97例植入起搏器患者资料,以是否同时进行CAG分为造影组41例和非造影组56例,观察冠心病在缓慢性心律失常患者中的比例,以及起搏器囊袋出血情况。结果造影组造影检出冠心病25例占59.5%,高于临床诊断的20例（漏诊7例,误诊2例）,占47.6%;造影组发生囊袋出血4例（9.5%）,非造影组发生5例（8.9%）,两组囊袋出血发生率差异无统计学意义（α2=87.46,P＆gt;0.05）。结论起博器安置术与冠状动脉造影同时进行是安全的,且可发现严重的冠脉病变,为下一步治疗提供依据,同时减少住院时间及住院费用,具有一定的临床意义。     

The evaluation and comparison of cerebellar mutism in children and adults after posterior fossa surgery: report of two adult cases and review of the literature

Summary. Summary.   Background: Although there are some cases of cerebellar mutism in adults after posterior fossa surgery for cerebellar tumour it generally occurs in children. Reversible pathophsiology and the anatomical substrate of this syndrome still remain unclear. The predominance of cerebellar mutism in children is suggested to be related to the higher incidence of posterior fossa tumours in children. However, the question regarding the reason for the obvious difference in the incidence of this syndrome between the paediatric and adult population still remaing unanswered. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare children and adult groups separately to understand the incidence and the clinical characteristics better and to elucidate the pathophysiological basis and predictive factors for this syndrome.   Method: We reviewed, analysed, and compared the cases of cerebellar mutism individually in children and in adults reported in the English literature. We found 106 reported cases in children and 11 cases in adults which were suitable for analysis. We added two adult cases to these.   Findings: The ages of the patients ranged from 2 to 16 (mean, 6.4 year) in children and from 17 to 74 (mean, 38.7 year) in adults. Although vermis was the main location in both groups, the incidence of vermis lesions was considered higher in the paediatric population (%91.5 versus %69.2). The rate of brain stem invasion was prominent in children (%31.1) when compared with adults (%7.6). The latency for the development of mutism and the duration of the mutism were similar in children and adults (mean, 1.4 d versus 2 d and mean, 5.07 wk versus 4.2 wk respectively). Mutism was transient in all the cases of both groups.   Interpretation: Recent concepts of cerebellar physiology disclose the importance of the cerebellum in learning, language, and mental and social functions. Pontine nuclei, the thalamus, motor and sensory areas and supplementary motor areas have been proven necessary for the initiation of speech. It can be hypothesized that uncompleted maturation of the reciprocal links in childhood connecting the cerebellum to these structure makes the children more vulnerable to have postoperative cerebellar mutism in comparison to the adult population.     

主动脉夹层术后患者康复期不适症状自评量表的编制

目的 构建主动脉夹层术后患者康复期不适症状自评量表,为评估主动脉夹层术后康复期不适症状并进行有效的症状管理提供依据。 方法 以症状管理模式为理论基础,基于心脏症状调查表,并根据前期主动脉夹层术后患者电话随访结果,结合心脏手术症状量表初步构建条目池,通过2轮专家咨询,并对出现不适症状的217例主动脉夹层术后康复期患者数据进行量表信效度检验。 结果 形成的主动脉夹层术后患者康复期不适症状自评量表包括22个条目,探索性因子分析提取7个公因子,累积方差贡献率为70.343%;条目水平内容效度指数为0.833~1.000,量表水平内容效度指数0.918;量表Cronbach′s α系数为0.874,Spearman-Brown分半信度系数为0.785。 结论 编制的主动脉夹层术后患者康复期不适症状自评量表具有良好的信效度,可作为主动脉夹层术后患者康复期不适症状的测评工具。     

Coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery anomalies in infants and young children

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been reported for coronary artery diseases in patients with Kawasaki disease and coronary artery complications after arterial switch operations for transposition of the great arteries. However, only a few studies have explored this modality for congenital coronary artery anomalies. As congenital coronary artery anomalies, particularly left coronary artery atresia and stenosis, are one of the reasons for sudden death, coronary revascularization is often required in infants and young children. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the outcome of CABG for such anomalies in infants and young children.METHODSFrom 2014 to 2018, 3 infants and 2 children (median age: 10 months; range: 6–40 months) with coronary artery anomalies underwent CABG at our hospital. The indications for the procedure included left main coronary artery atresia and stenosis in 2 and 3 patients, respectively. Graft patency was evaluated postoperatively by contrast-enhanced computed tomography or coronary angiography, and postoperative outcomes (including death and cardiac events) were assessed during the follow-up period.RESULTSNo 30-day or in-hospital mortalities were noted. Postoperative examinations revealed patent grafts in all patients. They were discharged without any cardiac complications. Regarding the outcomes at the follow-up period, the graft patency rate was 80.0% (4/5 grafts), with no deaths or cardiac events.CONCLUSIONSCABG is a useful strategy for coronary revascularization in infants and young children with coronary artery anomalies. Although the mid-term outcomes and patency are satisfactory, careful follow-up is necessary because the long-term outcomes remain unknown.     

Impact of early quantitative morbidity on 1-year outcomes in coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESWe applied the Clavien-Dindo Complications Classification (CDCC) and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) to the CORONARY trial to assess whether quantitative early morbidity affects outcomes at 1 year.METHODSAll postoperative hospitalization and 30-day follow-up complications were assigned a CDCC grade. CCI were calculated for all patients (n = 4752). Kaplan–Meier analysis examined 1-year mortality and 1-year co-primary outcome (i.e. death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, new-onset renal failure requiring dialysis or repeat coronary revascularization) by CDCC grade. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the predictive value of CCI for both outcomes.RESULTSFor off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, median CDCC were 1 [interquartile range: 0, 2] and 2 [1, 2] (P < 0.001), while median CCI were 8.7 [0, 22.6] and 20.9 [8.7, 29.6], respectively (P < 0.001). In on-pump, there were more grade I and grade II complications, particularly grade I and II transfusions (P < 0.001) and grade I acute kidney injury (P = 0.039), and more grade IVa respiratory failures (P = 0.047). Patients with ≥IIIa complications had greater cumulative 1-year mortality (P < 0.001). The median CCI was 8.7 [0, 22.6] in patients who survived and 22.6 [8.7, 44.3] in patients who died at 1 year (P < 0.001). The CCI remained an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality and 1-year co-primary outcome after multivariable adjustment (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSOn-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery had a greater number of complications in the early postoperative period, likely driven by transfusions, respiratory outcomes and acute kidney injury. This affects 1-year outcomes. Similar analyses have not yet been used to compare both techniques and could prove useful to quantify procedural morbidity.Clinical trial registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00463294","term_id":"NCT00463294"}}NCT00463294; Unique Identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00463294","term_id":"NCT00463294"}}NCT00463294.     

Myocardial ischaemia as judged from transoesophageal echocardiography and ECG in the early phase after coronary artery bypass surgery

The incidence of myocardial ischaemia, as diagnosed by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) versus ECG, and the relationship between ischaemic events and haemodynamic parameters were studied in 30 patients in the early phase after coronary artery bypass grafting. Information comprising invasive haemodynamics, TEE measurements, and 12-lead ECG was obtained on arrival of the patient in the intensive care unit (ICU), and then hourly in the ICU for 5 h. In the ICU, TEE signs of ischaemia were found in 14 patients and ECG signs of ischaemia in six patients. The ischaemic events were not related to levels of blood pressure or heart rate. Three patients showed signs of myocardial infarction postoperatively. All three of these patients showed both TEE and ECG signs of ischaemia in the ICU. It was concluded that TEE reveals more ischaemic events than ECG in the early postoperative period and that these ischaemic events do not correlate with the haemodynamic indices.     

白细胞介素-18早期诊断冠脉搭桥术后急性肾损伤的研究

目的 研究白细胞介素-18 (IL-18)与冠脉搭桥手术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的关系.方法 选择冠状动脉硬化性心脏病行冠脉搭桥手术的患者80例,根据AKI诊断标准,分为AKI组和非AKI组.分别留取术前及术后2、4、6、8、12、24 h等不同时间点的血液和尿液标本,测定标本中血清肌酐(Scr)、血液及尿液中IL-18水平.运用ROC曲线及曲线下面积评价尿液及血液的IL-18对AKI的敏感性及特异性.结果 80例患者共有13例发生AKI,发病率为16.25％,AKI组Scr升高峰值出现在24 ～ 48 h内.血、尿IL-18峰值均出现在术后4h,ROC曲线显示术后2h血及尿IL-18的AUC均＞0.8.Logistic回归分析表明术后2h血、尿IL-18是冠脉搭桥手术后AKI发生的有效预测指标.结论 冠脉搭桥手术后血液及尿液IL-18可作为冠脉搭桥术后AKI早期诊断生物标志物.