大学生后悔心理调查

Sugden对后悔定义为“将事件的真实结果与一个可能发生的、比真实结果更好的假设结果相比较并伴随痛苦情绪的过程”。后悔是一种负性情绪，在发展过程中常陷入痛苦．想摆脱．强化痛苦．更痛苦的恶性循环中，有研究表明后悔带来的痛苦较其错误本身引起的损失更大田。较有影响的后悔理论是“最小最大后悔值决策准则”：后悔产生的基础是决策失误或意志力薄弱，     

放开过去才能成就未来

红红有个毛病：就是喜欢后悔、自责和内疚。跟同学讲了件事情,之后就后悔不该告诉他;晚上看-一会儿电视,又后悔耽误了学习;丢了几块钱,也要后悔好几天……朋友们对她印象最深的就是,瞪着大眼睛,满脸懊恼地说：“你说这世界上怎么就没有卖后悔药的呢？”     

后悔的认知神经科学研究

1引言 后悔理沦[2-2]认为,后悔是一种当我们认识到或是想象自己如果做出了不同的决定,自己目前的状况本应会更好时的情绪.后悔是一种在决策过程中产生的情绪,也影响着之后的决策[3-5].研究后悔有助于认识情绪与决策之间的相互作用,更好地做出决策.     

重温他的好,婚姻才会幸福

一日,几个姐妹在一起闲聊,不知不觉扯到了各自的老公。这个话题一打开,就连一向寡言的莉也变得口若悬河。莉说:"不提他还好,一提我就来气。昨晚出去喝酒,凌晨快两点才回来,满身酒气不说,还吐得满床都是。平时家里、孩子从不管,就连他爸妈也是我在操心,真后悔当初怎么会嫁给他!"话音刚落,娜就抢着说:"不要说你家了,我比你更惨。让你和一年到头见不了几次面的人过一辈子试试?     

心理学家告诉你什么是“后悔药”

正后悔是我们经常经历的情绪。当我们回顾过去的行为和决定时感到如果当时做出不同的选择,可能会出现更好的结果,对,这就是后悔的感觉。(Newall,Chipperfield,Daniels,Hladkyj,Perry,2009;当一个人后悔时,他可以感受到情感、认知和神经生理的变化。后悔往往伴随着其他负面情绪,如内疚、失望、自     

后悔倾向问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的:探索后悔倾向的构成,编制后悔倾向问卷并检验其信效度。方法:通过文献研究和开放式问卷调查,形成初始问卷。以630名大中学生为被试对编制的问卷进行项目分析、因素分析及信效度检验。结果:(1)后悔倾向问卷包括14道题,由易感、情感和反思3个维度构成,验证性因素分析表明量表的结构模型拟合良好;(2)问卷各维度和总分的Cronbach α系数0.64~0.85,重测信度为0.83~0.88,总分与维度(0.88~0.79)以及各维度间(0.50~0.59)显著相关,问卷总分与效标的相关(0.86)也达到了显著性水平。结论:后悔倾向问卷具有良好的项目区分度、信效度,可以作为后悔倾向的测量工具。     

大学生调节倾向与行为意向及后悔情绪的关系

目的：探察大学生调节倾向与行为意向及后悔情绪的关系。方法：研究一采用初步修订的“调节倾向问卷”和“家庭环境量表中文版”，对300名大学生进行测试；研究二在此基础上，利用“调节倾向问卷”和不同情景下的任务选择，对157名大学生再次进行测试。结果：研究一表明，修订后的调节倾向问卷具有较好的信度和结构效度：大学生的调节倾向与家庭环境具有相关性。研究二发现，以追求为中心的个体行为意向更强烈，以回避为中心的个体更容易后悔。结论：“调节倾向问卷”对中国大学生群体具有一定的适用性，并且大学生的自我调节倾向对其不同刺激情景下的行为意向和后悔情绪具有显著的影响。该研究提示了在这一领域进行深入探索的必要性。     

农村丧亲个体哀伤反应的质性研究

目的:研究中国农村丧亲个体的哀伤反应。方法:选取9名江西东北部某农村丧亲个体进行半结构化的访谈,采用主题分析法对资料进行分析。结果:丧亲者的哀伤反应主要为四个方面,情感反应有伤心、想念、舍不得、痛苦、愤怒、无助感、孤独感、内疚、后悔、失落感和平静,认知反应有不相信、不公平、羡慕、反事实思维、闯入性思想、感觉逝者存在和对生命和物质的态度的转变,行为反应有退缩、人际冲突增加或减少以及回避提醒物,生理反应有疲倦、记忆力减退、食欲不振和失眠。结论:农村丧亲者的哀伤反应有其普遍性和独特性。     

殇痛:失独父母哀伤反应的质性研究北大核心CSCDCSSCI

目的:研究中国失独父母的哀伤反应。方法:采用质性研究方法,选取北京市4名失独父母进行深度访谈,并收集实物资料,采用主题分析法对资料进行分析。结果:失独父母的哀伤反应主要表现在四个方面:情感反应有思念/想念、孤独/孤单、后悔/自责、无奈/无助/无望、不舍/可惜、害怕过节、空、烦躁、震惊、痛苦;认知反应有不相信、不公平、自己倒霉/造孽/赖自己、幻觉、闯入性想法、反刍、自我贬低、自杀意念;行为反应有哭、社交退缩与回避、回避提醒物、冲动行为、整理或者保存遗物;生理反应有疲倦、睡眠问题、梦见已故者。结论:失独父母经历极其强烈的哀伤反应,其哀伤反应有其普遍性和独特性。     

青少年手淫行为及其对心身健康影响的性别差异

采用ＳＣＬ－９０和自编手淫行为调查表所进行的对照研究发现：与男生（Ｎ＝７０）相比，虽然女生（Ｎ＝３３）手淫行为的发生率较低，开始的年龄稍晚，手淫的频度也较低，但统计学分析发现，她们更多地认为手淫属下流行为，并倾向采用被动克制的方法来应付手淫冲动，而且手淫后的自责后悔等负性情绪也较男生普遍。女生组ＳＣＬ－９０各因子分值均高于男生组，其中人际关系敏感、忧郁、恐怖因子分值的增高具有显著意义。提示不同性别青少年的手淫行为及其对心身健康的影响也有所不同，这可能反映了两性在认知、情感及接受社会传统影响等方面的差异。     

Regret in individual and group decision making

We compared the regret that people report in individual and group decision-making in two experimental studies. In the first study, thirty-nine participants were randomly assigned to either an individual or a group decision-making condition, and then failed on an assigned task. They were asked to rate their regret and cognitive variables of controllability, internal and external factors related to their failure. Participants in the group decision condition, reported less regret than in the individual decision condition. In the second study, we added individual and group decision conditions where the participants heard others express regret. Fifty-eight participants played and lost the same game in the four conditions. In the group decision condition, we found that the participants who heard others express regret reported more regret than the participants who did not hear others' regret. These findings suggest that the expression of regret enhances others' regret. Some implications of the findings are discussed.     

The importance of affectively-laden beliefs about health risks: the case of tobacco use and sun protection

Affect is gaining prominence in health behavior research. However, little is known about the relative influence on behavior of specific affectively-laden beliefs about health risks (affective likelihood, worry, anticipated regret), particularly in comparison to cognitive likelihood beliefs. We investigated this issue in relation to two very different cancer-related behaviors. In two prospective studies [tobacco use (N = 1,088); sunscreen use (N = 491)], hierarchical linear and logistic regression analyses revealed that affectively-laden risk beliefs predicted intentions and behaviors more strongly than cognitive likelihood beliefs. Cognitive likelihood contributed independently only for sunscreen use intentions. Smoking-related outcomes were most strongly associated with anticipated regret. Sunscreen-related outcomes were most strongly associated with affective likelihood. Affectively-laden beliefs might be stronger predictors of some cancer-related behaviors than traditional cognitive likelihood measures. Including affective aspects of health risk beliefs in health behavior interventions and theoretical models, including investigating their interrelationships in different behavioral contexts, could advance both theory and practice.     

Change in feelings of regret over time: relation to decision-making style, behavior, and coping methods

This study investigated the change in feelings of regret over time in relation to decision-making style, critical thinking, behavior, and coping methods with the regret. Seventy undergraduate students completed a questionnaire on critical thinking, decision-making styles, feelings of regret and the coping methods in five different situations: entrance examinations, declarations of love, skiing, career changes, and investments. Results showed the following. First, in situations which normally occur only once (i.e., entrance examinations), subjects who indicated inaction felt increased regret over time, but those who indicated action felt decreased regret. Conversely, in situations which occur regularly (i.e., declarations of love and skiing), both of those who indicated action and inaction felt decreased regret. Second, people who indicated action coped with their regret using the method of rationalization more often than those who indicated inaction. In situations which normally occur only once, analytic decision-makers tended to cope with their regret by improving their behavior more than intuitive decision-makers. Finally, critical thinkers tended to adopt an analytic style more often than an intuitive style.     

Neural correlates of near-misses effect in gambling

The present study investigated the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the gambling near-miss effect by measuring event-related-potentials. Using a simple gambling task, we measured behavioral response and electrophysiological activity of gambling outcomes. Self-rating results showed that when compared to full-miss outcome, near-miss outcome were rated as less pleasant, but yielded higher motivation to play. Whereas the feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitude did not reflect the motivation rating differences between near-miss and full-miss, the P300 amplitude mirrored the motivation rating differences between near-miss and full-miss, with larger amplitudes for near-miss outcomes. Dipole source analysis of the difference wave (near-miss minus full-miss) indicated that two generators of the P300, localized in the putamen and orbitofrontal cortex, might be involved in motivational evaluation and regret, respectively. Our findings indicated that the near-miss effect stems from sources: higher levels of motivation and the presence of regret, caused by counterfactual thinking.     

Role of anticipated regret,intentions and intention stability in adolescent smoking initiation

Objectives To examine the impact of anticipated regret within the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) on intentions of adolescents to initiate smoking. To examine the moderating role of anticipated regret and intention stability on the relationship between intentions and smoking initiation in adolescents. Methods We conducted two studies measuring anticipated regret within the TPB applied to adolescent smoking initiation. In the first study, 347 non‐smoking adolescents (between 11 and 12 years of age) completed the TPB and anticipated regret measures about smoking initiation. In the second study, 675 non‐smoking adolescents (between 11 and 12 years of age) completed the TPB, anticipated regret, and intention stability measures in relation to smoking initiation. Smoking was assessed objectively by carbon monoxide breath monitor 9 months later. Results In Studies 1 and 2, regret significantly added to predictions of intentions over and above components of the TPB (p <.001). In Study 2, smoking behaviour was predicted by intentions and the relationship of intentions to behaviour was moderated by regret and intention stability. Conclusions Regret and intention stability were shown to be important variables within the TPB in understanding intentions and behaviour of smoking initiation in adolescents.     

Factors influencing NCGENES research participants- requests for non-medically actionable secondary findings

PurposeGenomic sequencing can reveal variants with limited to no medical actionability. Previous research has assessed individuals- intentions to learn this information, but few report the decisions they made and why.MethodsThe North Carolina Clinical Genomic Evaluation by Next Generation Exome Sequencing (NCGENES) project evaluated adult patients randomized to learn up to six types of non-medically actionable secondary findings (NMASF). We previously found that most participants intended to request NMASF and intentions were strongly predicted by anticipated regret. Here we examine discrepancies between intentions and decisions to request NMASF, hypothesizing that anticipated regret would predict requests but that this association would be mediated by participants- intentions.ResultsOf the 76% who expressed intentions to learn results, only 42% made one or more requests. Overall, only 32% of the 155 eligible participants requested NMASF. Analyses support a plausible causal link between anticipated regret, intentions, and requests.ConclusionsThe discordance between participants- expressed intentions and their actions provides insight into factors that influence patients- preferences for genomic information that has little to no actionability. These findings have implications for the timing and methods of eliciting preferences for NMASF and suggest that decisions to learn this information have cognitive and emotional components.     

Study structure may compromise understanding of longitudinal decision regret stability: A systematic review

ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review of decision regret studies in cancer patients to determine if regret is longitudinally stable, and whether these study structures account for late-emerging treatment effects.MethodsOnline databases including the George Mason Libraries, Global Health, Nursing and Allied Health, and PubMed were searched to identify decision regret studies with longitudinal components in patients with cancer.ResultsA total of 845 unique citations were identified; 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Data was also collected on the time horizon for 90 studies; 47 % of studies evaluated regret at time points of one year or less, although this has increased significantly in prostate cancer citations since 2010. Regret was infrequent, affecting less than 20 % of patients, and often stable. Effect sizes in studies where decision regret changed over time were small to negligible.ConclusionLongitudinal effects can influence the expression of decision regret, yet many studies are not designed to collect long-term data; prostate cancer studies may be particularly disadvantaged. The degree of this influence in current studies is small, though this outcome must be interpreted with caution.Practice ImplicationsProviders should be aware of the risk of late-emerging regret and counsel patients appropriately.     

Monitoring style of coping with cancer related threats: a review of the literature

Building on the Cognitive–Social Health Information-Processing model, this paper provides a theoretically guided review of monitoring (i.e., attend to and amplify) cancer-related threats. Specifically, the goals of the review are to examine whether individuals high on monitoring are characterized by specific cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to cancer-related health threats than individuals low on monitoring and the implications of these cognitive–affective responses for patient-centered outcomes, including patient–physician communication, decision-making and the development of interventions to promote adherence and adjustment. A total of 74 reports were found, based on 63 studies, 13 of which were intervention studies. The results suggest that although individuals high on monitoring are more knowledgeable about health threats, they are less satisfied with the information provided. Further, they tend to be characterized by greater perceived risk, more negative beliefs, and greater value of health-related information and experience more negative affective outcomes. Finally, individuals high on monitoring tend to be more demanding of the health providers in terms of desire for more information and emotional support, are more assertive during decision-making discussions, and subsequently experience more decisional regret. Psychoeducational interventions improve outcomes when the level and type of information provided is consistent with the individual’s monitoring style and the demands of the specific health threat. Implications for patient-centered outcomes, in terms of tailoring of interventions, patient–provider communication, and decision-making, are discussed.     

The role of anticipated regret and health beliefs in HPV vaccination intentions among young adults

Although cognitions have predicted young adults’ human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine decision-making, emotion-based theories of healthcare decision-making suggest that anticipatory emotions may be more predictive. This study examined whether anticipated regret was associated with young adults’ intentions to receive the HPV vaccine above and beyond the effects of commonly studied cognitions. Unvaccinated undergraduates (N = 233) completed a survey assessing Health Belief Model (HBM) variables (i.e., perceived severity of HPV-related diseases, perceived risk of developing these diseases, and perceived benefits of HPV vaccination), anticipatory emotions (i.e., anticipated regret if one were unvaccinated and later developed genital warts or HPV-related cancer), and HPV vaccine intentions. Anticipated regret was associated with HPV vaccine intentions above and beyond the effects of HBM variables among men. Among women, neither anticipated regret nor HBM variables showed consistent associations with HPV vaccine intentions. Findings suggest that anticipatory emotions should be considered when designing interventions to increase HPV vaccination among college men.     

Randomized controlled trial of a brief research‐based intervention promoting fruit and vegetable consumption

Objective. The present study sought to test the efficacy of a brief research‐based, leaflet‐like intervention to promote eating the recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetables (RDIFV). Design. A controlled, pre‐ post‐test experimental study with random allocation and a 1 week self‐report behavioural follow‐up was conducted. Method. The intervention employed persuasive communication targeting self‐efficacy and intention, and invited participants to form implementation intentions in relation to acquiring and preparing fruit and vegetables for consumption. Results. Intervention participants had stronger post‐intervention intentions to consume the RDIFV, and higher anticipated regret in relation to failing to do so, compared with controls, controlling for pre‐intervention scores. At follow‐up, the intervention group was found to have eaten more fruit and vegetables and to have consumed the RDIFV more frequently. Discussion. It is concluded that this study supports the previously reported power of implementation intentions to prompt enactment of intentions, and that a brief research‐based leaflet‐like intervention could result in immediate enhancement of intentions and anticipated regret, and promote greater fruit and vegetable consumption.